伴TET2基因突变急性髓系白血病成年患者临床特征及突变对疗效和预后的影响

目的:探讨伴TET2基因突变急性髓系白血病（AML）成年患者的临床特征以及突变对疗效和预后的影响。方法:选择2017年3月至2021年4月于济宁市第一人民医院就诊的123例初诊AML成年患者（除外急性早幼粒细胞白血病）,采用二代测序方法检测包括TET2突变在内的24种AML相关基因突变情况。根据有无TET2基因突变将患者分为TET2基因突变型组及TET2基因野生型组,比较两组患者临床病理特征及近期疗效和生存差异。结果:123例患者中,28例（22.8%）检测到TET2突变。与TET2基因野生型组患者相比,TET2基因突变型组患者的年龄更高[（59±15）岁比（49±16）岁, t=2.984, P=0.003],更易出现法、美、英（FAB）协作组分型的M 4、M 5型[75.0%（21/28）比51.6%（49/95）, χ2=4.838, P=0.028],AML患者CD34阳性率更低[46.4%（13/28）比72.6%（69/95）, χ2=6.685, P=0.010];TET2基因突变更易伴发ZRSR2突变[10.7%（3/28）比1.1%（1/95）, P=0.037]和NPM1突变[35.7%（10/28）比17.9%（17/95）, χ2=4.008, P=0.045],而较少伴发IDH1/2基因突变[0比17.9%（17/95）, P=0.012]。两组间性别、初诊时外周血白细胞计数、血红蛋白水平、血小板计数、骨髓原始细胞比例、细胞遗传学及欧洲白血病网络（ELN）危险度分层方面差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。两组患者1个疗程化疗和去甲基化治疗的总有效率（ORR）差异均无统计学意义[75.0%（12/16）比66.7%（42/63）, χ2=0.410, P=0.522;66.7%（4/6）比44.4%（8/18）, P=0.640]。TET2基因突变型组和野生型组总生存（OS）差异无统计学意义[中位OS时间：23个月（95% CI 5~41个月）比35个月（95% CI 18~52个月）, P=0.498]。 结论:在AML成年患者中,TET2基因突变与高龄、M 4和M 5亚型、AML细胞低表达CD34相关。TET2基因突变易伴随ZRSR2、NPM1基因突变,而不易伴随IDH1或IDH2基因突变。TET2基因突变对未进行危险度分层AML患者的总体疗效和生存可能无显著影响。     

费城染色体阳性成年急性淋巴细胞白血病患者治疗效果及预后因素分析

目的 分析费城染色体阳性(Ph+)的成年急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)患者治疗效果及预后影响因素.方法 回顾性分析49例Ph+ALL患者的临床资料,探讨治疗效果及不同因素对预后的影响.结果49例患者中,男性24例,女性25例;中位年龄38岁(15~77岁),酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)治疗组血液学完全缓解(CR)率、主要分子生物学反应(MMR)率及完全分子生物学缓解(CMR)率均高于单纯化疗组(96.8 %比72.2 %,64.5 %比16.7 %,25.8 %比11.1 %),差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.308,P=0.038;χ2=10.468,P=0.001;χ2=4.250,P=0.039).生存分析提示中位总生存(OS)时间为24个月(3~70个月),3年OS率及无复发生存(RFS)率分别为32.7 %、21.4 %;TKI治疗组3年OS率及1年RFS率高于单纯化疗组(40.3 %比11.1 %,67.8 %比11.1 %),差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.725, P<0.001;χ2=17.401,P<0.001);异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)组3年OS率及RFS率高于非移植组(62.5 %比25.7 %、41.7 %比15.0 %),差异有统计学意义(χ2=6.196,P=0.013;χ2=8.032,P=0.005);经2个疗程治疗后达MMR组3年OS率及RFS率分别为45.1 %和28.9 %,高于未达MMR组(17.6 %和11.7 %),差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.446,P=0.020;χ2=6.484,P=0.011);Cox多因素分析结果显示,联合TKI治疗(HR=0.227,95 % CI 0.094~0.550,P=0.001)是OS的独立预后因素;联合TKI治疗(HR=0.225,95 % CI 0.082~0.618,P=0.004)及移植(HR=0.275,95 % CI 0.077~0.983,P=0.047)是RFS的独立预后因素.结论 联合TKI治疗能提高患者CR、MMR及CMR率,提高长期生存,为患者接受移植提供更多机会;在TKI时代,移植仍是治疗Ph+ALL的重要方法,尤其那些经化疗联合TKI治疗但早期未达MMR者预后差,应尽早行造血干细胞移植.     

两种不同移植预处理方案对儿童血液病并发症和生存率影响的Meta分析

[目的]观察全身照射加环磷酰胺（TBI／CY）与马利兰加环磷酰胺（BU／CY）两种不同的移植预处理方案对儿童造血干细胞移植的治疗效果和毒副反应。[方法]计算机检索Cochrane、MEDLINE、CNKI、CBM在1990～2007年期间发表的关于儿童移植中对比不同预处理方案的研究文献。从干细胞植入、移植后的并发症、长期生存率等方面进行对比分析。采用Review Manager软件进行Meta分析。[结果]检索出4012篇文献，最终纳入10个试验共2475例患者。TBI／CY与BU／CY组相比植入失败率无明显区别（P=0．23）：TBI／CY组治疗相关死亡率明显低于BU／CY组（OR=O．53，95％CI：0．40—0．71，P〈0．0001），而长期无病生存率TBI／CY组则明显优于BU／CY组（OR=1．46，95％CI：1．19～1.80，P=0．0003）。[结论]Meta分析表明TBI／CY预处理方案是儿童血液病移植的有效方案．而TBI对儿童生长发育的长期不良影响有待进一步探讨。     

肥胖对异基因造血干细胞移植效果的影响

目的:探讨肥胖对异基因造血干细胞移植效果的影响。方法:回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院2017年8月至2020年9月行异基因造血干细胞移植的81例患者临床资料。根据体质量指数（BMI）分为肥胖组（BMI≥28 kg/m 2，11例）和非肥胖组（BMI<28 kg/m 2，70例），比较两组患者临床病理特征、造血干细胞植入、移植后并发症、生存及复发等情况。采用Cox比例风险回归模型进行单因素、多因素生存分析。 结果:81例患者中位随访时间280 d（8~1 218 d），1年总生存（OS）率77.9%，1年无进展生存（PFS）率73.8%。非肥胖组与肥胖组1年OS率分别为82.6%和46.2%（ χ2＝15.54， P<0.01），1年PFS率分别为82.1%和36.4%（ χ2＝15.56， P<0.01），非复发死亡（NRM）率分别为7.1%和32.7%（ χ2＝6.463， P＝0.01），累积复发率分别为11.5%和42.9%（ χ2＝8.146， P＝0.004）。非肥胖组和肥胖组中性粒细胞植入时间、血小板植入时间、急性移植物抗宿主病、慢性移植物抗宿主病、出血性膀胱炎、巨细胞病毒感染及EB病毒感染发生情况比较，差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）。多因素分析结果显示，肥胖是异基因造血干细胞移植患者OS的独立不良影响因素（ HR＝3.814，95% CI 1.343~10.827， P＝0.012）。 结论:肥胖是异基因造血干细胞移植后患者生存的重要不良影响因素，改善这部分患者的疗效及生存值得进一步研究探讨。     

弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤患者体质量指数对预后影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价体质量指数（BMI）对弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤（DLBCL）患者预后的影响。方法:计算机检索PubMed、Medline、Web of Science等数据库,按照纳入及排除标准筛选关于BMI与DLBCL患者预后关系的临床研究文献,采用RevMan 5.3软件对各研究的总生存（OS）、无进展生存（PFS）的风险比（ HR）及95%置信区间（95% CI）等数据进行分析,同时评估纳入文献质量、偏倚风险及异质性。 结果:共12篇文献纳入研究。Meta分析结果显示,与正常体质量（BMI 18.5~24.9 kg/m 2）患者相比,超重（BMI 25.0~29.9 kg/m 2）患者OS和PFS时间更长,但差异均无统计学意义（OS： HR=0.93,95% CI 0.78~1.11, P=0.42;PFS： HR=0.89,95% CI 0.67~1.20, P=0.45）;低体质量（BMI<18.5 kg/m 2）患者（OS： HR=1.97,95% CI 1.41~2.74, P<0.01;PFS： HR=1.89,95% CI 1.19~3.03, P<0.01）和肥胖（BMI≥30.0 kg/m 2）患者OS和PFS时间更短,但后者差异无统计学意义（OS： HR=1.15,95% CI 0.88~1.51, P=0.31;PFS： HR=1.32,95% CI 0.90~1.94, P=0.15）。漏斗图对称,纳入文献无发表偏倚。 结论:一定范围内BMI升高是DLBCL患者预后的保护性因素。     

活化自体淋巴细胞过继性免疫治疗在原发性肝细胞癌中的疗效观察

目的：评价活化自体淋巴细胞过继性免疫治疗（adoptive immunotherapy,AIT）是否有助于改善原发性肝细胞癌的临床疗效。方法：选取2016年8月至2018年12月在中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心确诊的64例原发性肝细胞癌患者,通过分层随机法分为免疫治疗组（n=29）和对照组（n=35）。免疫治疗组患者取60 ml外周血分离制备单个核细胞并在含OKT-3和IL-2的培养基中活化培养,回输前进行质控检测。免疫治疗组中的Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者（n=14）于一线治疗后接受自体淋巴细胞输注（3个月内输注6次）,Ⅳ期患者（n=15）仅接受自体淋巴细胞输注;对照组患者接受肝细胞癌相关的其他治疗。疗效评估的主要终点是2 年无复发生存（relapse-free survival,RFS）率,次要终点为无进展生存期（progression-free survival,PFS）和总生存期（overall survival,OS）。结果：入组患者中位随访时间为2.8年（0.2~4.2年）。免疫治疗组29名患者共接受了167次（计划174次,完成率96%）预定淋巴细胞输注（平均每人次回输9.30×109个细胞,其中CD3+HLA-DR细胞约占63%）,治疗期间未观察到3级或4级不良反应发生。与对照组相比,免疫治疗组患者2年RFS率显著升高（62.1% vs 22.9%,OR=0.181,95%CI：0.06~0.54,P=0.002）,中位PFS（28 vs 8个月,P=0.004）和中位OS（38 vs 34个月,P=0.915）均显著延长。在Ⅰ~Ⅲ期患者中,免疫治疗组（n=14）2年RFS率较对照组（n=18）显著升高（92.9% vs 33.3%,OR=0.38,95%CI：0.004~0.368,P=0.005）,中位PFS明显延长（38 vs 14.5个月,P=0.005）,而两组OS间无显著差异;Ⅳ期患者两组间PFS（P=0.077）及OS（P=0.994）均未见显著差异。结论：活化自体淋巴细胞AIT为安全可行的肝细胞癌辅助性治疗方法,可提高Ⅰ~Ⅲ期肝细胞癌一线治疗后RFS率、延长患者RFS时间,而对进展期肝细胞癌患者的PFS和OS无明显影响。     

二甲双胍对2型糖尿病合并前列腺癌患者生存率及无复发率影响的Meta分析

目的:系统评价二甲双胍对2型糖尿病并发前列腺癌患者生存结果的影响。方法:通过检索Pubmed、Embase和Cochrane这三个数据库。按照纳入、排除标准,由2名作者进行文献筛选、文献质量评估及数据提取,使用Review Manager 5.3软件对总体生存期（overall-survival,OS）、癌症相关生存期（cancer-specific survival,CSS）、无复发生存期（recurrence-free survival,RFS）进行分析,并把风险比（HR）作为效应量,各效应量以95%可信区间（confidence Interval,CI）表示。结果:共纳入22篇文献,共389 584例患者。Meta分析显示:与未使用二甲双胍治疗相比,使用二甲双胍能够明显提高前列腺癌患者OS（HR=0.74,95%CI:0.61～0.90,P=0.003）、CSS（HR=0.74,95%CI:0.62～0.87,P=0.000 3）及RFS（HR=0.72,95%CI:0.57～0.92,P=0.008）。结论:相比非二甲双胍治疗组,接受二甲双胍治疗的前列腺癌合并2型糖尿病患者,能够获得更好的总体生存期、癌症相关生存期以及无复发生存期。     

WT1基因突变与急性髓系白血病预后关系的Meta分析

目的分析总结WT1基因突变与急性髓系白血病(AML)预后的关系。方法检索PubMed、Google Scholar及Cochrane Library数据库截至2018年4月2日收录的相关文献,采用Review Manager 5.2软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入9篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,对于儿童AML患者,WT1基因突变型组较野生型组总生存(OS)时间更短(HR=1.41,95% CI 1.07~1.87,P=0.01)。对于总体AML患者,WT1基因突变型组较野生型组无复发生存(RFS)时间更短(HR=2.21,95% CI 1.15~3.93,P=0.02),而两组OS及无病生存(DFS)时间差异均无统计学意义(HR=1.65,95% CI 0.97~2.80,P=0.06;HR=0.46,95% CI 0.08~2.57,P=0.38)。对于正常核型AML及成年AML患者,WT1基因突变型组与野生型组OS时间差异均无统计学意义(HR=2.66,95% CI 0.57~12.31,P=0.21;HR=2.10,95% CI 0.70~6.30,P=0.18)。结论WT1基因突变是影响儿童AML患者OS及总体AML患者RFS的危险因素。     

手术为主与放疗为主综合治疗局部晚期下咽癌的疗效评价

[目的]分析手术联合放／化疗和放／化疗联合挽救手术治疗局部晚期下咽癌的临床疗效,并分析影响预后的主要因素,探索其合理的治疗方法。[方法]回顾性分析1999年6月至2009年8月收治的88例下咽鳞癌患者的临床资料。按照治疗方法分为：手术联合放／化疗组（S±R/C,n=22）和放／化疗联合挽救手术组（R／C±S,n=66）。分析对比两组的总生存率（OS）、无复发生存率（RFS）和喉保留率。Cox模型分析影响预后的独立因素。[结果]S±R／C组5年OS、RFS优于R／C±S组（49．2％／45．5％vs20．6％／17．7％,P〈0．05）。喉保留率R／C±S组较S±R／C组高（95．5％vs22．7％,P〈0．05）。治疗方法是影响患者OS、RFS、喉保留率的惟一独立因素。[结论]局部晚期下咽癌采取手术联合放／化疗的生存率高于放／化疗联合挽救手术,而其喉保留率低于后者。局部晚期下咽癌的治疗首选手术为主的治疗。     

非血缘造血干细胞移植中抗胸腺细胞球蛋白预防移植物抗宿主病的疗效分析

 【摘要】　  目的　探讨非血缘造血干细胞移植中应用抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）预防移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的临床疗效。方法　回顾性分析1999年1月至2011年12月行非血缘造血干细胞移植患者治疗的恶性血液病（包括白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征、淋巴瘤）92例患者资料。分为ATG预防组（66例）和无ATG组（26例）。ATG剂量为1.5 mg／kg,移植前第4天至移植前第1天。比较两组急性GVHD（aGVHD）和慢性GVHD（cGVHD）发生率,分析aGVHD与cGVHD发生的危险因素,并比较ATG预防对移植后总生存（OS）、治疗相关死亡（TRM）率、复发率的影响。结果　Ⅱ～Ⅳ度aGVHD和Ⅲ～Ⅳ度aGVHD发生率差异无统计学意义[26.7 %（16／60）比44.0 %（11／25）,P＝0.12;13.3 %（8／60）比 8.0 %（2／25）,P＝0.74]。ATG组cGVHD及广泛型cGVHD发生率明显低于无ATG组[ 34.0 %（17／50）比 72.2 %（13／18）,P＝0.005;10.0 %（5／50）比44.4 %（8／18）,P＝0.005]。多因素分析显示ATG预防能降低cGVHD发生[相对危险度（RR）＝0.22,95 % CI 0.081～0.599;P＝0.003],人类白细胞抗原（HLA）不完全相合增加cGVDH发生率（RR＝3.25,95 % CI 1.39～7.61;P＝0.007）。并且ATG预防显著降低广泛型cGVHD发生（RR＝0.05,95 % CI 0.009～0.240;P＜0.001）。92例患者中位随访时间12个月（1～84个月）。ATG预防组和无ATG组间OS率（60.4 % 比43.1 %,P＝0.41）、TRM率（19.8 %比34.3 %,P＝0.43）、复发率（40.6 % 比33.6 %,P＝0.54）差异均无统计学意义。结论　总量6 mg／kg的ATG预防可显著降低非血缘造血干细胞移植患者cGVHD及广泛型cGVHD的发生率,不增加疾病复发,对OS及TRM亦无影响。     

Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma: Is There a Best?

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the prognostic and risk factors for bladder and systemic recurrence after nephroureterectomy (NU) in patients with upper urinary tract (UUT) transitional cell carcinoma (TCC).Patients and MethodsData from 101 patients with nonmetastatic UUT TCC who underwent NU between 1987 and 2009 were retrospectively evaluated. Kaplan-Meier curves for sex, age, anemia, smoking, stone disease, or history of bladder tumor, primary tumor localization, multiplicity, and disease stage and grade were constructed to predict 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for recurrence.ResultsBladder, distant, and local recurrence rates at a mean of 56.19 ± 5.30 months after NU were 38.5%, 19.8%, and 7.9%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that among the patients with bladder recurrence, female patients had significantly lower 5-year RFS than did male patients (34.7% ± 0.13% vs. 62.4% ± 0.06%, P = .038); however multivariate analysis showed that both female sex and a history of smoking were independent risk factors for bladder recurrence (odds ratio [OR], 4.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.56-11.4; P = 0.005 and OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.1-7.4; P = .032, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that among the patients with local and distant recurrence, anemia, a positive history of bladder tumor, localization of the primary tumor, multiplicity, disease stage, and tumor grade significantly affected RFS, whereas primary tumor stage and grade were the only independent risk factors for 5-year RFS (OR, 4.48; 95% CI, 1.45-13.79; P = .009 and OR, 5.82; 95% CI, 2.08-16.26; P = .001, respectively).ConclusionFemale sex and a history of smoking were independent risk factors for bladder recurrence after NU. Such patients should be monitored closely using cystoscopy and urine cytologic examination. Invasive and higher grade UUT TCC was associated with worse local or systemic RFS.     

去甲基化药物治疗骨髓增生异常综合征效果及安全性的Meta分析

目的系统评价去甲基化药物治疗骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)的效果和安全性,为该类药物的临床应用提供依据和指导。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、维普(VIP)数据库2000年1月至2019年12月发表的去甲基化药物治疗MDS的随机对照试验(RCT)。经过筛选,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行疗效及完全性的Meta分析。结果共纳入7项RCT研究的1 172例患者。Meta分析显示,去甲基化药物治疗组在完全缓解率(OR=6.26,95%CI 1.74~22.49,P=0.005)、部分缓解率(OR=4.65,95%CI 1.51~14.29,P=0.007)、总有效率(OR=14.14,95%CI 7.27~27.51,P<0.01)、血液学改善(OR=3.47,95%CI 1.44~8.32,P=0.005)方面均优于支持治疗组。阿扎胞苷治疗组患者总生存得到改善(HR=0.62,95%CI 0.50~0.77,P<0.01)。在不良反应方面,去甲基化药物增加了粒细胞减少性发热的发生(OR=4.19,95%CI 2.26~7.76,P<0.01),但是在粒细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血、感染、恶心、肝损害、疲劳的发生率方面,两组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论去甲基化药物治疗MDS效果明显,可提高缓解率,阿扎胞苷可延长患者生存时间,但去甲基化药物增加了粒细胞减少性发热的发生。在临床应用该类药物时,需进一步仔细评估其临床安全性。     

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Oral Cancer: Evidence from a Meta-analysis

Numerous studies have been conducted regarding association between TNF-α and oral cancer risk, but theresults remain controversial. The present meta-analysis is performed to acquire a more precise estimation ofrelationships. Databases of Pubmed, the Cochrane library and the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI)were retrieved until August 10, 2013. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) werecalculated with fixed- or random-effect models. The heterogeneity assumption was assessed by I-squared test.Among the eight included case-control studies, all were focused on TNF-α-308G>A and four also concernedthe TNF-α-238G>A polymorphism. It was found that oral cancer risk were significant decreased with theTNF-α-308G>A polymorphism in the additive genetic model (GG vs. AA, OR=0.19, 95% CI: [0.04, 1.00],P=0.05, I2=68.9%) and the dominant genetic model (GG+GA vs. AA, OR=0.22, 95% CI: [0.06, 0.82], P=0.03,I2=52.4%); however, no significant association was observed in allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=0.70, 95% CI: [0.23,2.16], P=0.54, I2=95.9%) and recessive genetic models (GG vs. GA+AA, OR=0.72, 95% CI: [0.33, 1.57], P=0.41,I2=93.1%). For the TNF-α-238G>A polymorphism, significant associations with oral cancer risk were found inthe allele contrast (G vs. A, OR=2.75, 95% CI: [1.25, 6.04], P=0.01, I2=0.0%) and recessive genetic models (GGvs. GA+AA, OR=2.23, 95%CI: [1.18, 4.23], P=0.01, I2=0.0%). Conclusively, this meta-analysis indicates thatTNF-α polymorphisms may contribute to the risk of oral cancer. Allele G and the GG+GA genotype of TNF-α-308G>A may decrease the risk of oral cancer, while allele G and the GG genotype of TNF-α-238G>A may causean increase.     

Positive surgical margins and ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence predict disease-specific survival after breast-conserving therapy

BACKGROUND: The current study identified determinants of systemic recurrence and disease-specific survival (DSS) in patients with early-stage breast carcinoma treated with breast-conserving surgery and radiation therapy (breast-conserving therapy, or BCT). METHODS: The study population consisted of 1,043 consecutive women with Stages I or II breast carcinoma who underwent BCT between 1970 and 1994. Clinical and pathologic characteristics evaluated included age, tumor size, tumor grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor status, surgical margins, axillary lymph node involvement, and use of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: At a median follow-up time of 8.4 years, 127 patients (12%) had developed an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), and 184 patients (18%) had developed a systemic recurrence. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, tumor size greater than 2 cm, positive lymph nodes, lack of adjuvant tamoxifen therapy, and positive margins (odds ratio [OR], 3.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-12.3; P = 0.034) were predictors of systemic recurrence. When IBTR was added into the model, adjuvant therapy and surgical margins were not independent predictors; however, IBTR was an independent predictor of systemic recurrence (IBTR vs. no IBTR; OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.1-12.3; P < 0.001). The 10 year DSS rate after BCT was 87%. On multivariate Cox proportional hazards model analysis, the following factors were independent predictors of poor DSS: tumor size greater than 2 cm (vs. < or = 2 cm; relative risk [RR], 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.3; P = 0.010), negative progesterone receptor status (vs. positive; RR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.4-5.1; P = 0.003), positive margins (vs. negative; RR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.4-11.5; P = 0.011), and IBTR (vs. no IBTR; RR, 5.5; 95% CI, 2.8-11.0; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Positive surgical margins and IBTR are predictors of systemic recurrence and disease-specific survival after BCT. Aggressive local therapy is necessary to ensure adequate surgical margins and to minimize IBTR.     

Efficacy of Immediate Postoperative Instillation of Chemotherapy for Primary Non–Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer in Real-World Clinical Practice

BackgroundNon–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) can be treated using transurethral resection (TUR), but high incidence of intravesical recurrence remains a clinical challenge. Single immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy (IPIOC) is controversial for NMIBC patients with intermediate recurrence risk. The aim of the present study was to report the efficacy and toxicity of IPIOC, particularly in intermediate-risk NMIBC patients, in the real-world setting.Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 363 consecutive patients with primary NMIBC who underwent radical TUR at Kyoto University Hospital between 2007 and 2016.ResultsIn low-risk patients, recurrence-free survival (RFS) was significantly better for IPIOC than non-IPIOC (2-year RFS: 89.3% vs. 59.4%; P = .001). In intermediate-risk patients, IPIOC was associated with significantly longer RFS compared with non-IPIOC (2-year RFS: 85.5% vs. 58.2%; P = .011). IPIOC and bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) were independent predictors for post-TUR recurrence (non-IPIOC vs. IPIOC: hazard ratio [HR], 2.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-4.88; P = .02; non-BCG vs. BCG: HR, 2.22; P = .045, 95% CI, 1.02-5.30). In the high-risk group, only BCG was an independent prognostic factor of recurrence in a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model (HR, 2.55; P = .006, 95% CI, 1.32-4.87). There were no significant differences between the BCG-only group and the IPIOC with BCG group in Grade 3 or more local (16 patients [21%] vs. 21 patients [24%]; P = .61) or systemic (3 patients [4%] vs. 6 patients [7%]; P = .40) toxicity rates.ConclusionOur study showed the efficacy of IPIOC for the prevention of intravesical recurrence in primary intermediate-risk NMIBC patients regardless of BCG therapy.     

Adjuvant interferon in high-risk melanoma: the AIM HIGH Study--United Kingdom Coordinating Committee on Cancer Research randomized study of adjuvant low-dose extended-duration interferon Alfa-2a in high-risk resected malignant melanoma.

PURPOSE: To evaluate low-dose extended duration interferon alfa-2a as adjuvant therapy in patients with thick (> or = 4 mm) primary cutaneous melanoma and/or locoregional metastases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial involving 674 patients, the effect of interferon alfa-2a (3 megaunits three times per week for 2 years or until recurrence) on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was compared with that of no further treatment in radically resected stage IIB and stage III cutaneous malignant melanoma. RESULTS: The OS and RFS rates at 5 years were 44% (SE, 2.6) and 32% (SE, 2.1), respectively. There was no significant difference in OS or RFS between the interferon-treated and control arms (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.18; P =.6; and OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.10; P =.3; respectively). Male sex (P =.003) and regional lymph node involvement (P =.0009), but not age (P =.7), were statistically significant adverse features for OS. Subgroup analysis by disease stage, age, and sex did not show any clear differences between interferon-treated and control groups in either OS or RFS. Interferon-related toxicities were modest: grade 3 (and in only one case, grade 4) fatigue or mood disturbance was seen in 7% and 4% respectively, of patients. However, there were 50 withdrawals (15%) from interferon treatment due to toxicity. CONCLUSION: The results from this study, taken in isolation, do not indicate that extended-duration low-dose interferon is significantly better than observation alone in the initial treatment of completely resected high-risk malignant melanoma.     

胃癌术后辅助放化疗与辅助化疗比较的荟萃分析

目的 采用偱证医学荟萃分析的方法比较胃癌术后辅助放化疗与辅助化疗间的疗效差异。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane图书馆、万方、维普、CNKI及中国生物医学等数据库,搜集有关胃癌术后辅助放化疗和辅助化疗比较的临床对照研究资料,汇总数据采用RevMan 5.2.5和Stata 12.0软件进行分析。两组间差异采用优势比(OR)及95%可信区间(95% CI)描述。结果 根据纳入和排除标准,最终纳入12个包括1674例患者的临床对照研究资料。荟萃分析结果显示,与胃癌术后辅助化疗相比,辅助放化疗的3、5年生存率更高(OR=2.96,95% CI= 1.75~5.03,P=0.000;OR=1.45,95% CI=1.06~1.99,P=0.020),辅助放化疗的局部复发率更低(OR=0.50,95% CI=0.34~0.72,P=0.000),但远处转移率两组相似(OR=0.79,95% CI=0.58~1.07,P=0.130)。结论 现有研究结果的荟萃分析显示,与胃癌术后辅助化疗相比,胃癌术后辅助放化疗是一种较为安全和有效的治疗方法。     

Survivin与卵巢癌关系的Meta分析

目的:应用Meta分析方法评估国内外有关卵巢癌组织中Survivin的表达及其临床意义。方法:通过计算机检索PubMed、CNKI等数据库全面检索国内外已发表的相关文献,最终进入系统评价的有13篇病例对照研究。应用Stata 11.0进行Meta分析,计算OR及95%CI。结果:表明Survivin的表达在卵巢癌组与卵巢良性肿瘤组,卵巢癌组与卵巢正常组织组,临床Ⅰ-Ⅱ组与临床Ⅲ-Ⅳ组,中、高分化组与低、未分化组的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Survivin淋巴结转移组与淋巴结未转移组的表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:Survivin的高表达可能在卵巢癌的发生发展中起重要作用。