小儿肝母细胞瘤的诊断与治疗

现根据北美和欧洲肝母细胞瘤研究经验结合我国的临床实践,着重讨论肝母细胞瘤的诊断路径及治疗策略,以期提高对肝母细胞瘤的治疗水平.     

14例儿童肝母细胞瘤综合治疗的疗效观察

目的：肝母细胞瘤是儿童时期最为常见的原发性肝脏恶性肿瘤。新辅助化疗﹢手术﹢术后化疗已成为肝母细胞瘤治疗的基本原则。该文旨在总结肝母细胞瘤综合治疗的疗效,进而探讨合理治疗的策略。方法：回顾性分析14例儿童肝母细胞瘤患者的临床资料,并追踪随访其治疗后的生存状况。结果：12例肝母细胞瘤患儿接受全程治疗,中位随访时间为18个月（1.5~74月）。9例无瘤存活,1例死亡,1例肿瘤转移,1例未发现肿瘤残留但术后甲胎蛋白持续不降。结论：手术及规范化疗能有效提高儿童肝母细胞瘤患者的生存率。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（6）：456-459］     

肝母细胞瘤ACP方案用于术前新辅助化疗的疗效及不良反应

目的 研究术前新辅助化疗方案ACP(顺铂+吡柔比星+环磷酰胺)方案在小儿肝母细胞瘤治疗中的临床疗效及不良反应.方法 收集2015年1月-2018年12月北京同仁医院儿科收治的30例初发初治肝母细胞瘤中、高危患儿的临床资料,术前应用ACP化疗方案进行新辅助化疗,分析总结其临床疗效及不良反应.结果 (1)初诊年龄0.17-...     

14例肝母细胞瘤患儿的临床疗效观察

目的：通过对儿童肝母细胞瘤患儿的临床治疗结果的回顾总结,对ICE化疗方案的有效性和安全性进行评估。方法：自2000年6月至2008年6月,14例初发患儿入选,男7例,女7例,中位年龄：1.33岁（范围0.25～8.25岁）。临床分期：Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期1例,Ⅲ期5例,Ⅳ期2例。诊断时血甲胎蛋白（AFP）水平显著升高13例,1例AFP正常。采用多科室协作模式进行治疗,其中一期手术8例,3例进行了二期手术。化疗方案采用ICE方案,14例患儿共接受了73个疗程化疗,其中术前化疗25个疗程。结果：14例患儿治疗后有效12例（85.7%）,其中完全缓解10例（71.4%）,部分缓解2例,2例无效。随访至2008年7月31日,疾病处于长期完全缓解者9例（64.3%）,中位随访时间为35个月（范围：16～96个月）。5年总生存率（OS）为：（70.71±12.37）%,5年无事件生存率（EFS）为：（64.29±12.81）%。1例患儿复发,2例失访。结论：ICE化疗方案联合手术治疗能有效并且安全地治疗儿童肝母细胞瘤,Ⅳ期患儿的治疗有待于进一步研究。［中国当代儿科杂志,2009,11（8）：659-662］     

儿童肝母细胞瘤研究现状

肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma,HB)是儿童期最常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤。HB起病隐匿,诊断和治疗都有一定的困难。近年来HB的发病率有上升趋势,对HB的研究也逐渐深入。文章就HB的病因、病理分型、临床分期、预后因素及治疗原则等研究结果作一综述。     

小儿“不能切除”的肝母细胞瘤的治疗

５例“不能切除”的肝母细胞瘤应用以顺铂为主的强效化疗后，肿瘤缩小，成功地施行了二期手术和延期手术，生存５－３０个月，提示化疗有效，但不同组织类型其疗效有差异。     

晚期儿童肝母细胞瘤的预后分析

目的：探讨晚期儿童肝母细胞瘤（hepatoblastoma,HB）的预后情况。方法回顾性分析首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院儿科2006年4月-2014年7月收治的103例患儿中随访3年以上的30例晚期HB患儿的临床资料,总结其临床疗效和预后情况。结果（1）POG／CCG临床分期：III期12例,完全缓解（CR）10例（83％）;IV期18例,CR 8例（44％）,两组CR率无显著差异（P＝0.08）;（2）血清AFP：30例患儿中28例明显升高,占93％;（3）术前化疗：提高了69％的肿瘤完全切除率;（4）疗效与预后：30例患儿5年总体生存率为58％。胎儿型、POG／CCG III期和肿瘤完全切除患儿生存率明显提高（P＜0.05）。结论儿童晚期HB经综合治疗预后尚可。胎儿型预后较好,但肿瘤未完全切除,POG／CCG IV期及伴有远处转移尤其是肺转移患儿预后仍较差,应尽可能地早期诊断及治疗。     

儿童肝母细胞瘤研究现状北大核心CSCD

肝母细胞瘤(hepatoblastoma,HB)是儿童期最常见的肝脏恶性肿瘤。HB起病隐匿,诊断和治疗都有一定的困难。近年来HB的发病率有上升趋势,对HB的研究也逐渐深入。文章就HB的病因、病理分型、临床分期、预后因素及治疗原则等研究结果作一综述。     

辅助化疗治疗儿童髓母细胞瘤13例

髓母细胞瘤是儿童最常见的脑部恶性肿瘤之一 ,且生长部位特殊 ,呈浸润性生长 ,手术不易根治。我院采用术后辅助化疗加放疗取得较好效果 ,现报道如下。资料和方法一、一般资料　 1995～ 2 0 0 0年我科共收治髓母细胞瘤 2 7例 ,男 16例 ,女 11例 ;平均年龄 7.8± 4.2岁。均行手术治疗 ,病理证实为髓母细胞瘤。术后随机分为化疗加放疗组 (A组 ) 13例和单纯放疗组 (B组 ) 14例。两组患儿性别、年龄、术式等均无明显差异。二、方法　化疗加放疗组在术后 2～ 3周开始化疗 ,长春新碱 1.5mg/m2 ,1次 / 6周静脉推注 ;环己亚硝脲 (CCNU) 75mg/m2 ,1…     

High-dose chemotherapy in children with metastatic hepatoblastoma

BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of effective chemotherapy,a poor prognosis has been reported for patients with metastatic hepatoblastoma. To improve this prognosis, we conducted high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow rescue in patients with metastatic hepatoblastoma. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three patients were treated with high-dose chemotherapy. In patient 1, high-dose chemotherapy was given after the patient's first pulmonary relapse.Additional pulmonary metastases, which developed more than 6 months after high-dose chemotherapy, were treated by multiple thoracotomy without additional chemotherapy. Patient 2 presented additional pulmonary metastases soon after the end of the first thoracotomy and high-dose chemotherapy. Because of a decreased serum alpha-fetoprotein level after re-excision of the pulmonary metastases, a second round of high-dose chemotherapy was performed. In patient 3, multiple pulmonary metasteses responded to preoperative chemotherapy and disappeared according to the chest computed tomography. Intensive treatment with a high-dose chemotherapeutic regimen was performed at the end of postoperative chemotherapy. All three patients are alive and well, more than 6 years after receiving their diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The role of high-dose chemotherapy in treatment of metastatic hepatoblastoma could not be clarified,because of the small number of patients. However, the better outcome of our patients indicates that multimodal therapy, including high-dose chemotherapy, may improve the outcome of the patients with metastatic hepatoblastoma.     

小儿亲体部分肝移植治疗肝母细胞瘤(附1例报告)

目的探讨小儿部分亲体肝移植治疗肝母细胞瘤的临床经验。方法对1例患肝母细胞瘤的4岁男童实施母亲供肝,左外肝叶亲体部分肝移植。结果供体于术后7d痊愈出院,受体于术后22d出院,无并发症。随访24个月,小儿生长发育良好,正常上学,无特殊不适。结论实施小儿亲体部分肝移植扩大了供肝来源,临床疗效好,可作为治疗肝母细胞瘤等小儿终末期肝病的有效治疗方法。     

Defining an optimal time window to screen for hepatoblastoma in children with Beckwith‐Wiedemann syndrome

Patients with Beckwith‐Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp) undergo quarterly alpha‐fetoprotein measurement for hepatoblastoma (HB) screening up to 4 years of age, paralleling the epidemiology of nonsyndromic HB. However, specific data on the timing of HB development in BWSp are lacking. Here we compare the timing of presentation of HBs in BWSp with a control cohort of consecutive HB cases, demonstrating that halving screening duration of screening procedures in BWSp likely will not impact its effectiveness.     

Rejection is less common in children undergoing liver transplantation for hepatoblastoma

To compare the incidence of acute histologically proven rejection in children who have had a liver transplant for hepatoblastoma with a control group of children transplanted for biliary atresia (EHBA). A retrospective case notes based study was performed. Twenty patients were identified with hepatoblastoma who were transplanted at a single unit between 1991 and 2008. These were matched as closely as possible for age, gender, year of transplant and type of immunosuppression used to the control group transplanted for biliary atresia (n = 60). There was a significant decrease in rate of acute rejection as assessed by the rejection activity index (RAI) in the hepatoblastoma group (75% vs. 50%, respectively, p < 0.04). Chronic rejection was rare in both groups, but twice as common in the biliary atresia group. Equal levels of immunosuppression were achieved in both groups. Renal function was noted to be reduced one yr post‐transplant in both groups, as previously reported. A modified immunosuppression regimen could be considered in children with hepatoblastoma undergoing liver transplantation.     

Successful treatment of multifocal unresectable hepatoblastoma with chemotherapy only

We report the case of a girl with multi-focal hepatoblastoma in whom chemotherapy alone has resulted in long term event-free survival and possibly cure, without any surgical procedure apart from biopsy for initial diagnosis. At presentation she had a large tumour arising from the left lobe of liver and two other separate masses were noted in the right lobe, but the lungs were free of metastases. Histology showed a foetal type of hepatoblastoma. The serum alpha-feto protein (AFP) level was 44,000 iu/litre. Chemotherapy was started using the triple drug regime recommended for “high risk” (of relapse) patients in the SIOPEL 2 hepatoblastoma protocol of the International Society of Paedaitric Oncology (SIOP). Within a few weeks her abdominal girth decreased, the child became much more comfortable. Drug-induced cardiotoxicity, ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity were not observed. After a total of 4 courses of chemotherapy (completed at the end of August 1998) a CT scan showed that all 3 tumours were smaller but that there were residual multifocal defects in the liver neither hepatic resection nor liver transplantation were considered safe or appropriate. 6.5 years after completion of chemotherapy and now aged 8.5 years the child is in normal health and at school with normal liver size, serum AFP levels and chest imaging.