血清甲壳质酶蛋白40水平与冠状动脉罪犯血管斑块易损性的相关性

目的探讨血清炎性因子高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)水平与冠状动脉病变斑块纤维帽厚度之间的相关性。方法入选择期行冠状动脉造影的冠心病患者60例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据冠心病的临床类型,将患者分为稳定型心绞痛(SAP)组(22例)、不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)组(28例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(10例)。检测患者术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平,术中在介入治疗前使用光学相干断层成像(OCT)观察病变斑块的特征,并分析血清hs-CRP、YKL-40水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度之间的关系。结果 (1)AMI组术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP组和UAP组(P均0.05)。UAP组术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP组(P均0.05)。(2)AMI组和UAP组的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均小于SAP组(P均0.05),AMI组与UAP组之间的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AMI组薄纤维帽斑块的比率和血栓形成的比率均高于SAP组和UAP组(P均0.05);AMI组斑块内钙化的比率低于SAP组(P0.05),与UAP组之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。(3)Pearson相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP(r=-0.265,P0.05)和YKL-40(r=-0.524,P0.01)水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均呈负相关;Spearman相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平与冠心病患者斑块破裂(r=0.462和r=0.499,P0.01)和血栓形成(r=0.218和r=0.263,P0.01)呈正相关。(4)多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清YKL-40水平与薄纤维帽粥样斑块独立相关(OR=6.341,P0.05)。结论 AMI和UAP患者的血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP患者,AMI、UAP和SAP患者罪犯病变的纤维脂质斑块性质有明显差别,AMI患者出现薄纤维帽粥样斑块、斑块破裂及血栓形成的比例较高,而SAP患者出现斑块钙化的比例较高;血清YKL-40水平与冠心病患者罪犯病变的薄纤维帽粥样斑块形成独立相关。     

血清YKL-40水平与冠状动脉罪犯血管斑块易损性的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清炎性因子——高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、血清甲壳质酶蛋白40(YKL-40)水平与冠状动脉(冠脉)病变斑块纤维帽厚度之间的相关性。方法:入选2016-08-2018-08在河南省人民医院心内科择期行冠脉造影的冠心病患者60例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据冠心病的临床类型,将患者分为稳定性心绞痛(SAP)组(22例)、不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)组(28例)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)组(10例)。检测患者术前血清hs-CRP、YKL-40水平,术中在介入治疗前使用光学相干断层成像(OCT)观察病变斑块的特征,并分析血清hs-CRP、YKL-40水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度之间的关系。结果:①AMI组术前血清hs-CRP[(6.85±1.74) mg/L∶(3.86±0.18) mg/L∶(4.12±0.52) mg/L,均P0.05]和YKL-40[(65.16±24.34) ng/ml∶(38.65±10.36) ng/ml∶(54.81±20.58) ng/ml,均P0.05]水平均高于SAP组和UAP组。UAP组术前血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP组(均P0.05).②AMI组和UAP组的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均小于SAP组[(57.28±8.61)μm∶(68.56±16.57)μm∶(130.42±32.83)μm,均P0.05],AMI组与UAP组之间的罪犯病变纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。AMI组薄纤维帽斑块[80.00%(8/10)∶18.18%(4/22)∶60.71%(17/28),均P0.05]和血栓形成[30.00%(3/10)∶4.54%(1/22)∶10.71%(3/28),均P0.05]的比例均高于SAP组和UAP组;AMI组斑块内钙化的比例低于SAP组[10.00%(1/10)∶40.91%(9/22),P0.05],与UAP组[21.43%(6/28)]之间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。③Pearson相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP(r=-0.265,P0.01)和YKL-40(r=-0.524,P0.01)水平与纤维脂质斑块纤维帽厚度均呈负相关;Spearman相关分析显示,术前血清hs-CRP水平与冠心病患者斑块破裂(r=0.462,P0.01)和血栓形成(r=0.218,P0.01)呈正相关,术前血清YKL-40水平与冠心病患者斑块破裂(r=0.561,P0.01)和血栓形成(r=0.239,P0.01)也呈正相关。④多因素logistic回归分析显示,血清YKL-40水平与薄纤维帽粥样斑块独立相关(OR=6.341,P0.01)。结论:AMI和UAP患者的血清hs-CRP和YKL-40水平均高于SAP者,AMI、UAP和SAP患者罪犯病变的纤维脂质斑块性质有明显差别,AMI患者出现薄纤维帽粥样斑块、斑块破裂及血栓形成的比例较高,而SAP患者出现斑块钙化的比例较高;血清YKL-40水平与冠心病患者罪犯病变的薄纤维帽粥样斑块形成独立相关。     

血尿酸水平与冠状动脉薄纤维帽粥样硬化斑块的相关性研究

目的:利用光学相干断层扫描技术(OCT)研究血尿酸水平与薄纤维帽粥样硬化斑块(TCFA)之间的相关性。方法:入选2015-01-2018-02在新疆医科大学第一附属医院心脏中心住院治疗的冠心病患者129例。所有患者均经冠状动脉造影术确诊,采用OCT测定冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块参数。采用多重线性回归的统计方法分析血清尿酸水平与TCFA的关系。结果:①基于OCT结果将129例患者分为非TCFA组(96例)和TCFA组(33例),在单因素分析中,两组患者的性别、吸烟、2型糖尿病、体质指数(BMI)、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)、尿酸、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在多因素logistic回归分析中,吸烟、2型糖尿病、LDL-C、尿酸为TCFA的影响因素(分别为P=0.016、P=0.007、P=0.005、P=0.025),且为TCFA发生的预测因子,其中血尿酸是其独立危险因素(OR=1.007,95%CI:1.001～1.014,P=0.025);②根据血尿酸水平将患者分为高尿酸(420μmol/L)组(27例)与低尿酸(420μmol/L)组(102例),两组在纤维帽厚度、脂质弧、巨噬细胞评级、斑块破裂、血栓方面均差异有统计学意义(分别为P0.001、P=0.002、P=0.025、P=0.007、P=0.001)。结论:TCFA的发生率与患者血尿酸水平升高独立相关,斑块不稳定与血尿酸水平有关。     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

用光学相干断层扫描比较两种类型冠心病受累血管病变的特点

目的：用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）比较急性心肌梗死（AMI）及稳定型心绞痛（SAP）受累血管病变的特征。方法：选取140例接受冠脉造影（CAG）及OCT检查的患者,其中61例AMI患者,79例SAP患者。分析患者的临床相关信息,用OCT评价受累血管的病变特点。结果：纤维帽厚度在AMI组比SAP组薄［（45±13） μm vs.（80±39） μm,P〈0.01）］;薄纤维帽富含脂质的斑块更多见于AMI组（56% vs. 25%,P〈0.01）;血栓更多见于AMI组（52% vs. 5%,P〈0.01）;斑块破裂的发生率分别是（67% vs. 25%）,P〈0.01）,溃疡和夹层等较重的斑块破裂均发生AMI组;4个象限的富含脂质斑块更易出现在AMI组;钙化斑块的深度及广度在2组间没有明显区别,但≥2象限的钙化斑块有多见SAP组趋势。结论：OCT能准确评价冠状动脉受累血管病变的病变特点及结构特征。AMI患者脂质斑块纤维帽更薄,更多见斑块破裂、血栓及不稳定脂质斑块。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者的血管内超声分析

目的:应用血管内超声(IVUS)探讨不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者的斑块形态学特点。方法:经冠状动脉造影和IVUS检查的冠心病患者57例,其中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)21例,UAP 36例,根据斑块回声的强度,将斑块分为软斑块、纤维斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块和斑块破裂等,分析比较UAP和SAP患者的斑块的形态学特点。结果:IVUS发现软斑块的比例在SAP和UAP患者中分别为47.6%和75.0%,纤维斑块的比例分别为52.4%和25.0%,斑块破裂分别为0和30.6%,钙化斑块分别为52.4%和19.4%(均P<0.05)。结论:IVUS显示UAP的斑块形态学特点主要表现为软斑块和斑块破裂。     

Comparison of levels of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 in patients with acute myocardial infarction versus unstable angina pectoris versus stable angina pectoris

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important for resorption of extracellular matrixes and may degrade the fibrous cap of an atherosclerotic plaque, thus contributing to coronary plaque rupture. Histologic studies have shown MMP expression in lesions of acute coronary syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the relation between plaque morphology as obtained by intravascular ultrasound before percutaneous coronary intervention and serum MMP levels in patients who had coronary artery disease. We enrolled consecutive 47 patients who had acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 23 who had unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 19 who had stable effort angina pectoris and underwent intravascular ultrasound before percutaneous coronary intervention followed by successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Peripheral blood was obtained from all patients before angiography and serum levels of MMP-1,-2, and -9 were analyzed. Serum levels of MMP-9 in the AMI and UAP groups were significantly higher than that in the stable effort angina pectoris group (p = 0.007 and 0.04, respectively). From the intravascular ultrasound findings before percutaneous coronary intervention, plaque rupture was detected in 26 patients (55%) in the AMI group and in 11 patients (48%) in the UAP group. In these 2 groups, patients with plaque rupture had significantly higher levels of MMP-9 than patients who did not have plaque rupture (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that MMP-9 was the only independent predictor of plaque rupture (p = 0.004). In conclusion, high levels of MMP-9 in patients who have AMI and UAP are related to the presence of plaque rupture in the culprit lesion.     

Plaque ruptures in stable angina pectoris compared with acute coronary syndrome

BackgroundPlaque rupture is more frequently observed in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) rather than in patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP). Consequently, studies regarding plaque rupture, which occurred in SAP patients, are rare. Therefore, we evaluated the frequency and axial location of plaque ruptures in SAP patients and compared them with those in ACS patients.MethodsThree hundred ninety-two patients (231 ACS and 161 SAP patients) who were scheduled for coronary intervention underwent three-vessel intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) study. IVUS criteria for plaque rupture were a plaque contained a cavity that communicated with the lumen with an overlying residual fibrous cap fragment. Using motorized IVUS transducer pullback in all three coronary arteries, the distance between each coronary plaque rupture segment and the respective coronary ostium was measured.ResultsPlaque ruptures were detected in 206 of 392 patients who underwent three-vessel intravascular ultrasound examination. At least one plaque rupture in any coronary artery was noted in 48 (30%) SAP and 158 (68%) ACS patients (p < 0.001). In both ACS and SAP patients, plaque ruptures were clustered mainly in the proximal segments of the left anterior descending artery and in the proximal and distal segments of the right coronary artery.ConclusionsAt least one plaque rupture in any coronary artery was noted in 30% of SAP patients. Like in ACS patients, plaque ruptures were clustered mainly in the proximal segments of the left anterior descending artery and in the proximal and distal segments of the right coronary artery in SAP patients.     

A three-vessel virtual histology intravascular ultrasound analysis of frequency and distribution of thin-cap fibroatheromas in patients with acute coronary syndrome or stable angina pectoris

The frequency and distribution of thin-cap fibroatheromas (TCFA) have important clinical implications. We evaluated the frequency and distribution of TCFA identified by virtual histology intravascular ultrasound (VH-IVUS) in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and stable angina pectoris (SAP). Preintervention 3-vessel VH-IVUS was performed in 105 patients with ACS and 107 with SAP. The length of left anterior descending artery imaged was 72 +/- 16 mm-54 +/- 12 mm in the left circumflex and 92 +/- 19 mm in the right coronary. VH-IVUS-derived TCFA (VH-TCFA) had a necrotic core > or =10% of plaque area without overlying fibrous tissue in a plaque burden > or =40%. There were 76 ruptured plaques (55 in ACS and 21 in SAP) and 439 VH-TCFA (262 in ACS and 177 in SAP, 2.5 +/- 1.5 vs 1.7 +/- 1.1 TCFA per patient with ACS and with SAP, respectively; p <0.001). Twelve patients with ACS and 1 with SAP had multiple ruptured plaques (p <0.001); 76 patients with ACS and 58 with SAP had multiple VH-TCFA (p = 0.009). Presentation of ACS was the only independent predictor for multiple ruptured plaques (p = 0.013) or multiple VH-TCFA (p = 0.011). Eighty-three percent of VH-TCFA were located within 40 mm of the coronary: 111 < or =10 (25%), 110 from 11 to 20 (25%), 83 from 21 to 30 (19%), and 61 from 31 to 40 mm (14%). The axial distribution of VH-TCFA was similar in patients with ACS and those with SAP and was similar to the axial distribution of ruptured plaques. In conclusion, 3-vessel VH-IVUS imaging showed a higher frequency of VH-TCFA in primary and secondary lesions in patients with ACS compared with those with SAP, but showed a similar clustering of VH-TCFA in the proximal 40 mm of each coronary artery.     

他汀类药物预处理对不稳定性心绞痛斑块破裂发生的影响

目的观察冠心病患者在使用他汀类药物后对斑块破裂及不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)发生的影响。方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,分析62例冠心病患者的血脂异常率、他汀类药物治疗率以及治疗后低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)达标率;比较各组冠心病他汀类药物治疗患者的UAP发生率;应用血管内超声(IVUS)测量、分析责任血管狭窄病变处、近端参考血管、远端参考血管外弹力膜截面积、斑块破裂、钙化斑块比例及冠状动脉重构情况。结果非他汀组患者LDL-C未达标率为96.4%(27/28),应获得而未得到他汀类药物治疗率为46.4%(13/28);他汀组患者LDL-C达标率为26.5%(9/34)。他汀组UAP发生率显著低于非他汀组(χ~2=34.491,P=0.001),他汀组LDL-C达标者与未达标者UAP发生率比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.002,P=0.968)。他汀组LDL-C显著低于非他汀组(2.457±0.802 vs 3.218±1.130,Z=-9.760,P=0.001);他汀组未达标患者LDL-C水平显著低于非他汀组未达标患者(2.816±0.640 vs 3.370±0.963,F=-3.613,P=0.001)。他汀组斑块破裂的发生率低于非他汀组(38.2%vs 60.7%,χ~2=3.107,P=0.1500.05),正性重构率亦明显低于非他汀组(29.4%vs 46.4%,χ~2=1.905,P=0.090.05)。结论他汀类药物治疗冠心病患者UAP发生率显著降低。使用他汀治疗可使斑块破裂减少,其独立于冠脉重构之外。他汀类药物治疗的最主要效果在于预防动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂。     

Outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention in unstable angina pectoris versus stable angina pectoris in two different time periods

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for unstable angina pectoris (UAP) has traditionally been associated with a higher risk of ischemic complications than that for stable angina pectoris (SAP). However, PCI procedures have evolved, so this study was designed to determine whether PCI for UAP is still associated with less favorable outcomes. In-hospital and 1-year outcomes in Dynamic Registry patients who presented for PCI with UAP (n = 2,994) or SAP (n = 1,457) between 1997 and 2002 were compared. One-year results were also compared with consecutive patients who underwent angioplasty (n = 2,431) from the 1985 to 1986 Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry. Although Dynamic Registry patients with UAP were older and more likely to smoke (p < 0.05), have diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03), or a previous myocardial infarction (p < 0.001), procedural success was higher than in patients with SAP. By 1 year, there was greater risk of death (4.4% vs 2.6%, p < 0.01), death/myocardial infarction (9.9% vs 6.6%, p < 0.001), and death, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery bypass grafting (15.1% vs 11.6%, p < 0.01) in patients with UAP. In patients with UAP, there was no significant difference in adjusted 1-year death and death/myocardial infarction rates when comparing the waves of the Dynamic Registry with those of the Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry, although death/myocardial infarction rates among Dynamic Registry patients were lower. However, in patients with SAP, the adjusted rate for death/myocardial infarction was lower in wave 3, and for death, myocardial infarction, and revascularization, there was a significant decrease in event rates with each successive recruitment period (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). In conclusion, in contradistinction to patients with SAP, death and death/myocardial infarction rates in patients who have undergone PCI for UAP have not significantly decreased over the past 16 years and patients with UAP remain at a greater risk of ischemic events at 1 year compared with patients with SAP.     

血管内超声、64层螺旋CT及定量冠状动脉造影对不稳定性心绞痛患者冠状动脉病变的评价

目的 应用血管内超声(rvos)探讨不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)低、中及高危组患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的特点,评价定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)和64层螺旋CT(MDCT)的诊断价值.方法 采用IVUS、MDCT和QCA分析61例UAP患者(低危组17例,中危组33例,高危组11例)71支病变血管.分析比较3组患者斑块的形态学特点.根据IVUS斑块回声的强度,将斑块分为软斑块、纤维斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块,计算最小面积处斑块负荷,并分为≤50%、51%～74%及≥75%3类病变.以IVUS结果为标准,评价QCA计算血管狭窄程度的可信性,MDCT诊断3类病变的敏感性和特异性,及对斑块成分诊断的可靠性.结果 QCA可估计低危组和中危组患者的斑块负荷(低危组r=0.768,P<0.01;中危组r=0.721,P<0.01).高危组患者血管重构明显(冠状动脉重构指数=1.21±0.31),QCA低估了IVUS的斑块负荷[分别为(67±14)%、(75±16)%,r=0.551,P<0.01].MDCT对冠状动脉病变有较高的阴性预测值(87.8%-96.3%),但无法区分典型粥样硬化斑块内的纤维帽(kappa=0.245)及脂质核(kappa=0.235).3组患者IVUS斑块特点分析结果表明,随着危险度程度的增加,软斑块比例、血管正性重构程度、血管外弹力膜面积、最小管腔面积、斑块负荷、斑块破裂及血栓发生率逐渐增加.结论 QCA可以相对准确地评价UAP低危和中危组患者的冠状动脉狭窄程度,同时会低估高危组患者的病变程度.MDCT对于冠心病的诊断有非常高的阴性预测值可用于排除冠心病,但是无法可靠地区分粥样硬化斑块内的纤维帽及脂质核.IVUS检查显示软斑块、正性血管重构和最小管腔面积<4mm~2者可能为UAP高危组患者.     

Assessment of culprit and remote coronary narrowings using optical coherence tomography with long-term outcomes

Much currently known information about vulnerable plaque stems from postmortem studies that identified several characteristics making them prone to rupture, including the presence of a thin fibrous cap and a large lipid core. This study used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to assess culprit and remote coronary narrowings and investigate whether intracoronary OCT in living patients was able to visualize morphologic features associated with vulnerable plaque in postmortem studies. Twenty-three patients successfully underwent OCT before percutaneous coronary intervention. The culprit lesion and mild to moderate coronary narrowings remote from the target stenosis were investigated. Using OCT, the culprit lesion was found to be fibrous in 39.1%, fibrocalcific in 34.4%, and lipid rich in 26.1% of cases. Two patients met criteria for thin-cap fibroatheroma (TCFA; defined as the presence of a signal-rich fibrous cap covering a signal-poor lipid/necrotic core with cap thickness <0.2 mm). Most plaques at remote segments were proximal to the culprit lesion (73.9%) and predominantly fibrous and lipid rich. OCT identified 7 TCFA lesions in 6 patients with a mean cap thickness of 0.19 +/- 0.05 mm, extending for 103 degrees +/- 49 degrees of the total vessel circumference. At 24 months of clinical follow-up, the only event occurred in a patient with in-stent restenosis who underwent repeated percutaneous revascularization. There were no clinically apparent plaque rupture-related events in the 6 patients found to have remote TCFA. This study showed that OCT can be safely applied to image beyond the culprit lesion and can detect in vivo morphologic features associated with plaque vulnerability using retrospective pathologic examination. In conclusion, detection of TCFA, particularly in stable patients, is desirable and may principally allow for early intervention and prevention of adverse events.