“军卫一号”数据结构手册查询系统的实现

目的：实现“军卫一号”数据结构手册的网络查询及浏览。方法：采用Access数据库和ASP技术：结果：成功实现了数椐结构手册的网络查询。结论：系统为医院信息工程人员提供了方便，提高了工作效率。     

放疗排名系统中统计功能的实现

在“计算机放疗排名系统”中增加统计功能，不仅可以向患者提示即时信息，还可以查询历史数据，对工作量进行统计报表，使其更具实用性。软件上运用Delphi7开发完成，由数据录入和统计运算两部分组成。主要特点是将输入日期与数据库中记录日期比较，进行多重判断，保证程序正常运行，运算结果准确。本文较为详细地介绍了软件方面的设计制作。     

网上医院系统整体框架的构想

网上医院是以互联网为载体,开展在线医疗健康咨询和信息服务的专业健康网站。本文提出了网上医院系统整体框架的构想,即：网上医院系统平台建设包括网络平台、安全结构、支付体系、业务系统等4部分,其主要模块有就医指南、预约服务、信息发布、视频诊疗、药品销售、满意度调查等系统。创新服务模式,构建实体与虚体相结合的网上医院,可以实现就医流程便捷化,信息交流实时化,院前院后一体化,提高医院整体的服务效率。     

网上医院"横空出世"利弊参半有待规范

随着电脑的普及，网上世界成了我国近3000万网民生活的一个组成部分，网上购物、网上展销、网上交流等丰富多彩，如今又出现了网上医院。上面医疗咨询、药物销售、专家会诊忙得不亦乐乎。你只要登录到各网站搜索关键字一栏中输入“医疗”或“健康”两个词后，就会发现上万个与医疗健康、卫生相关的网站地址。搜索“医院”后，可查到上百个甚至几千个医院在线的查询结果。     

“医院信息系统”医院感染信息流监控方法的建立

目的建立信息化和标准化的医院感染监控方法。方法依托“医院信息系统（HIS）”数据库和网络架构，开发和应用相关软件，确定医院感染监控的环节和重点，对患者诊疗全过程中的医院感染相关危险因素、病原菌和传染病疫情等相关信息流进行俘获。结果连续开发出“医院感染监控管理系统”、“抗菌药物应用监测系统”、“药敏信息系统软件”、“发热及腹泻症状监测系统”、“军人出院诊断信息”等软件，建立了医院感染实时监测网络和管理系统，强化了以医院感染监测为主体的功能建设，有效提高了工作效率和质量。结论优化了“HIS”中医院感染信息流的监控，提高了医院感染管理效率和效果。     

基于VB．Net的“军卫一号”通用查询打印系统的开发

目的：开发一套适用于多种数据库的通用查询打印系统。方法：针对“军卫一号”的实际需要，基于VB．Net架构，利用VisualBasic2005开发工具，依照数据库查询的规则编制程序代码，开发了通用查询打印系统，并对相关功能作了简单介绍。结果：该软件的开发与成功应用，使非计算机专业人员可以方便地对多种数据库的数据进行查询，并把查询结果打印出来。结论：该系统界面友好、操作简单，实用性强。在实际应用中，提高了工作效率，减轻了业务操作人员和计算机专业人员的工作压力，具有较高的实用价值。     

对等网络和Access数据库在病理科的应用

目的利用计算机网络和Access数据库管理病理科。方法应用Pwin98组建对等网络，Access软件创建病俭资料数据库。结果系统的应用较大地提高了病理科的工作效率，不仅能对病检资料进行快速录入、永久贮存、规范分类、快速检索和查询、跟踪管理、制表、制图、打印，还能进行统计分析；资料使用灵活，也为教学、科研工作提供了强有力的支持。结论此系统组建简单，共享和兼容性好，易扩充，易升级，并可融入其他大的网络系统，数据处理功能强大，值得在规模大小不等的病理科推广应用。     

卒中临床数据登记系统的研究开发

目的介绍一种基于住院脑血管意外病人临床资料管理的计算机数据库软件的开发过程和使用方法。方法根据临床工作和科研经验,并参考国内外已发表的有关卒中登记研究文献,编制了卒中登记表;利用Delphi6．0作为计算机语言编写系统前台软件,提供人机对话界面,服务器端采用微软公司ACCESS数据库作为系统数据库。结果开发出的“卒中临床数据登记系统”V1．0,用户界面友好,便于数据新增录入、修改、打印、编辑、查询、导出到EXCELL表、备份等;该系统操作简单,性能稳定,能满足卒中临床科研数据管理的需要。结论“卒中临床数据登记系统”V1．0计算机软件可以简化卒中患者临床数据的管理,为研究者提供了一个有用的临床科研平台。     

医院消耗品管理系统自定义查询程序设计

该针对医院HIS系统中消耗品管理模块的实际需要，利用优秀前台数据库设计软件Powerbuilder开发了一个允许任意层查询条件组合的自定义查询范例。其中对于用户设计的一些常用查询，采用了模板的思想进行归类和保存。并且查询结果和Excel有数据接口。     

浅谈计算机在食品卫生管理中的应用

为了推动和促进我国食品卫生监督体系的科学化、现代化、规范化建设。增强监督能力 ,提高管理水平。根据国家对食品卫生监督监测管理工作的统一要求和各级食品卫生监督检验机构的实际工作机制 ,我所自 1993年 6月积极准备 ,与科鸿电子有限公司联合研制了这套适用于全国各级食监机构的“全国食品卫生监督监测管理、查询系统”。该系统分为“基层机构工作软件”、“上级机构 (市、省、国家 )报表汇总软件”两套。每套系统包括食品卫生监督监测管理系统数据库和食品卫生法规标准检索询系统两部分。1　食品卫生监督监测管理数据库系统该系统界面…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.