Thoracic disc herniation. Improved diagnosis with computed tomographic scanning and a review of the literature

Thoracic disc herniation is uncommon. One of the main problems in the treatment of thoracic disc herniation has been the lack of accuracy of diagnostic tests. Now, with the use of computed tomographic scanning with and without metrizamide in the subarachnoid space, this accuracy has greatly improved. Computed tomography scanning can demonstrate the type and level of the lesion even when the myelographic study is negative. We have reviewed 280 cases; a peak incidence was noted in the fourth decade with 75% of the protruded discs occurring below T-8. Back pain was the most common presenting symptom followed by sensory disturbances. By the time of diagnosis, 70% of the patients had signs of spinal cord compression. A small group of patients could be identified that invariably had a good prognosis. They had a history of trauma, symptoms lasting less than a month, and soft disc herniation. Regarding the results of surgical treatment, there was a success rate ranging from 57% for decompressive laminectomy to over 80% for the posterolateral, lateral, and transthoracic approaches.     

Patterns of congenital bony spinal deformity and associated neural anomalies on X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging

Purpose

Congenital malformations of the bony vertebral column are often accompanied by spinal cord anomalies; these observations have been reinforced with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that the incidence of cord anomalies will increase as the number and complexity of bony vertebral abnormalities increases.

Methods

All patients aged ≤13 years (n = 75) presenting to the pediatric spine clinic from 2003?2013 with congenital bony spinal deformity and both radiographs and MRI were analyzed retrospectively for bone and neural pathology. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare groups for categorical dependent variables. Independent t tests were used for continuous dependent variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

Fifty-five percent of congenital spine deformity patients (n = 41) had associated spinal cord anomalies on MRI. Complex bony abnormalities had a higher incidence of cord anomalies than simple abnormalities (67, 37 %; p = 0.011). Mixed deformities of segmentation and formation had a higher incidence of cord anomalies (73 %) than failures of formation (50 %) or segmentation (45 %) alone (p = 0.065). Deformities in the sacrococcygeal area had the highest rate of spinal cord anomalies (13 of 15 patients, 87 %). In 35 cases (47 %), MRI revealed additional bony anomalies that were not seen on the radiographs.

Conclusions

As the number of bony malformations increased, we found a higher incidence of cord anomalies. Clinicians should have increased suspicion of spinal cord pathology in the presence of mixed failures of segmentation and formation.

     

脊柱截骨术治疗合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸

目的:探讨脊柱截骨术治疗合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸的安全性和有效性。方法:回顾性分析2007年6月~2013年6月在我院采用脊柱截骨手术治疗的23例合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸患者。其中男6例,女17例;手术时年龄16.9±3.4岁(10~23岁)。腰骶部疼痛8例,其中5例仅表现为腰骶部疼痛,神经功能损害18例。术前冠状位Cobb角95.4°±25.2°(65°~156°)。Ⅰ型脊髓纵裂9例,Ⅱ型脊髓纵裂14例。脊髓圆锥位置均在L3水平以下。对合并Ⅰ型脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系的患者,采用骨性纵隔切除、一期脊柱截骨矫形;合并Ⅱ型脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系的患者单纯行一期脊柱截骨矫形(未处理纤维纵隔)。其中行全脊椎截骨13例,经椎弓根截骨10例。术前、术后3个月和末次随访时分别测量患者侧凸Cobb角,并按脊柱裂神经功能评分(SBNS)分级评估神经功能恢复情况。结果:手术时间571.1±136.5min(310~835min);术中失血量4888.3±2482.3ml(500~9600ml)。随访38.9±18.3个月(24~79个月)。术后冠状面Cobb角33.7°±15.9°(3°~73°),较术前明显改善(P0.05),矫正率平均为(62.3±14.1)%;末次随访时冠状面Cobb角37.4°±17.2°(5°~82°),矫正率平均为(58.1±14.7)%,较术后平均丢失4.2°±2.3°,与术后比较无明显矫形丢失(P0.05),但与术前相比有明显改善(P0.05)。末次随访时,18例患者神经损害症状获得不同程度改善,其中13例术前SBNS神经功能分级为Ⅱ级者术后恢复至Ⅰ级;2例Ⅲ级恢复至Ⅱ级;另外3例神经损害评分提高,SBNS分级维持不变,脊柱侧凸畸形及局部疼痛明显好转。围手术期出现并发症5例,其中2例术后出现单侧下肢肌力下降,1例术后2周下肢肌力恢复至4级,另1例于术后3个月恢复至术前水平,术后2年随访肌力基本恢复正常;术中发现胸膜破裂1例,术后脑脊液漏1例、泌尿系感染1例。所有病例术后无伤口感染、假关节形成、内固定松动/断裂及永久性神经损害并发症。结论:脊柱截骨术治疗合并脊髓纵裂伴脊髓拴系综合征的先天性脊柱侧凸患者安全有效,且对神经功能恢复有促进作用。     

Anaesthetic management for caesarean section of a parturient with a known difficult airway and closed spinal dysraphism

Many anaesthetists consider patients with existing neurological deficits, untreated spinal pathology or those having undergone major spinal intervention to be precluded from undergoing neuraxial anaesthesia. While this is partly rooted in fears of litigation there is also a lack of consensus of the best practice in the anaesthetic management of these patients.We present our management of a parturient who attended our institution, having a number of anaesthetic complexities including a known difficult airway, spinal fusion and persistent spinal cord tethering. She successfully underwent delivery under neuraxial blockade for the delivery of her fourth child.We believe that by undergoing a thorough multidisciplinary clinical evaluation, including the extensive use of neuroimaging and ultrasound, it may be possible to plan and perform safe neuraxial anaesthesia.     

伴无症状性椎管内异常的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿半椎体切除术疗效及安全性评估

目的 :分析伴无症状性椎管内异常的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿行半椎体切除术的临床疗效,评估半椎体切除术治疗该类患儿的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月～2017年4月在我院行半椎体切除手术的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿的病例资料,共纳入36例(男15例,女21例),平均年龄6.6±2.7(2～9)岁。患儿术前全脊柱MRI发现椎管内脊髓拴系、脊髓纵裂及脊髓空洞,经详细的神经查体无神经系统异常。于术前、术后1周和末次随访时的站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片上测量侧凸Cobb角、冠状面平衡(C7PL-CSVL)、后凸Cobb角和矢状面平衡(SVA)等参数;记录患儿术中、术后及随访过程中的并发症。结果:患儿侧凸Cobb角术前为37.7°±16.4°,术后1周为10.4°±9.2°,手术平均矫正率为(72.4±27.9)%,有统计学差异(P0.001);后凸Cobb角术前为20.3°±5.4°,术后1周为1.6°±3.4°,有统计学差异(P0.001)。术前、术后C7PL-CSVL分别为10.6±5.4mm、7.9±5.3mm,SVA分别为-6.4±19.8mm、1.2±14.1mm,无统计学差异(P0.05)。术后平均随访46.1±20.3(12～72)个月,末次随访时侧凸Cobb角、后凸Cobb角、C7PL-CSVL和SVA分别为11.3°±13.7°、3.1°±7.2°、9.1±4.8mm和8.7±22.4mm,无明显矫正丢失(P0.05)。1例患儿术中出现硬脊膜破裂、脑脊液漏,修补后愈合良好。1例患儿术后出现继发弯加重5°,3例患儿出现近端交界性后凸,均经过支具保守治疗后控制良好。所有患儿术后及随访中均未见神经系统相关并发症及内固定失败并发症。结论:无神经损害表现的伴椎管内异常的先天性脊柱侧凸患儿行半椎体切除术可以有效地矫正脊柱畸形,不明显增加术中及术后发生神经并发症的风险。     

Spinal dysraphism with anorectal malformation: lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of 120 patients

Purpose

We evaluated the prevalence of spinal dysraphism (SD) in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

From January 2002 to March 2009, 120 patients with ARM who underwent anorectal reconstruction were evaluated for SD with sacral plain film, spinal ultrasonography (US), and lumbosacral MRI. We adopted Krickenbeck international classification of ARM.

Results

Spinal dysraphism was present in 41 (34.2%) of 120 patients with ARM, 3 (13.0%) of 23 patients with perineal fistula, 7 (29.2%) of 24 patients with vestibular fistula, 4 (36.4%) of 11 patients with rectovesical fistula, 18 (40.9%) of 44 patients with rectourethral fistula, and 9 (60.0%) of 15 patients with cloacal anomaly (P = .04). Among 41 patients having SD detected by MR, 26 patients (26/41; 63.4%) underwent detethering surgery for tethered spinal cord. The mean sacral ratio (SR) in patients who underwent detethering surgery (0.54 ± 0.19) was significantly lower than in patients who did not undergo detethering surgery (0.69 ± 0.13; P < .001). The optimal cutoff for the SR value predicting SD requiring detethering surgery was 0.605, with sensitivity of 65.4% and specificity of 77.7%.

Conclusions

Spinal dysraphism is common in patients with ARM, and its prevalence is higher in patients with complex ARM. Spinal anomalies can occur even with benign types of ARM and, therefore, that all patients should be screened. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in detecting occult SD that may be missed by conventional radiologic evaluation, physical examination, and spinal US. We further recommend a lumbosacral MRI examination in those whose SR is lower than 0.6.     

脊柱截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形的安全性和近期疗效

目的 评估脊柱截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形的安全性与近期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2008年5月至2011年5月间采用脊柱截骨手术治疗31例先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂患者的病历资料,29例获得随访.男11例,女18例;年龄6～26岁,平均13岁.其中合并脊髓栓系综合征7例.术前冠状位Cobb角25°～120°,平均66.5°±21.5°;冠状位顶椎偏距0～100 mm,平均(52.1±21.3)mm;冠状位躯干偏距0～40 mm,平均(12.2±13.2) mm.采用半椎体切除7例、经椎弓根截骨16例、全椎体切除6例.结果 随访8～24个月,平均18个月.术后即刻冠状位Cobb角15°～40°,平均24.4°±18.6°,平均矫正率63.3％.术后即刻冠状位顶椎偏距0～50 mm,平均(21.1±19.2) mm,平均矫正率59.5％.术后即刻冠状位躯干偏移0～28 mm,平均(5.5±10.5) mm,平均矫正率55.0％.手术前后比较差异均有统计学意义.合并脊髓栓系综合征的7例患者中3例下肢肌力恢复1～2级,1例小便控制得到改善.所有患者术后均未出现永久性神经功能恶化现象.随访期间4例患者各发生1枚螺钉断裂,均为应力集中部位.结论 先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓纵裂畸形,骨性纵裂近端脊柱截骨矫形可获满意疗效,对部分有脊髓栓系神经症状者有促进神经功能恢复的作用.     

Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of postoperative infections in paediatric patients with neuromuscular spine deformity

The aim of this study is to evaluate possible benefits of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in the treatment of deep postoperative infections in six high risk paediatric patients with neuromuscular spine deformity. The study involved review of medical records including radiology, office visits, and telephone contacts for six patients, referred for postoperative HBO therapy in 2003–2005. Infection control and healing without removal of implants or major revision surgery with a minimum of 2-year follow-up after index surgery were considered to represent success. All infections were resolved. Median time for wound healing, normalisation of blood tests and antibiotic weaning were 3 months. Radiological bony fusion, intact implants without any signs of radiolucent zones were seen in all cases at a mean follow-up of 54 months (37–72). Side effects of HBO treatment were minor. HBO is a safe and potentially useful adjuvance in the treatment of early deep postoperative infections in complex situations with spinal implants in high risk paediatric patients.     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的全脊柱三维MRI特点及与侧凸严重度相关性研究

目的 研究青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic seoliosis,AIS)的MRI特征性变化,探讨AIS的MRI特征性变化与侧凸严重度的相关性.方法 应用三维莺建MRI技术对90例青少年(49例AIS,41名健康青少年)进行全脊髓脊柱和后脑MR检查.测量颈椎和胸椎各节段的脊髓最大前后径(AP)、最大横向直径(TS)和凸凹侧脊髓旁间隙(LCS)、小脑扁桃体与枕骨大孔基线的距离、齿突与枕骨大孔基线的距离、颈髓中轴线与延髓中轴线夹角(α)、枕骨大孔基线与延髓中轴线夹角(β)、脊髓面积、椎管面积、脊髓椎管面积比,测量脊髓全长、脊柱全长、脊髓脊柱全长比.结果 与健康对照组相比,AIS患者的AP、TS、AP/TS 和LCS比值明显增加,小脑扁桃体位置相对枕骨大孔明显下移,脊髓圆锥位置相对上移,β角减小,脊髓椎管面积比增大(P＜0.01);AIS组与对照组相比,全脊髓或全脊柱长度差异无统计学意义,但脊髓脊柱全长比明显减小(P＜0.01),与Cobb角无明显相关性.AP、AP/TS和LCS比值与Cobb角明显正相关(P＜0.05).结论 AIS患者在脊髓和脊柱的横断面上存在显著性形态学异常,部分与Cobb角有明显正相关;脊髓和脊柱纵轴上存在明显的脊髓牵拉受限,提示可能存在神经系统和骨骼系统的生长不平衡,这些可能与AIS的发病机制有关.     

Imaging diagnosis of cervical spine and spinal cord injuries in children

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一期三柱截骨术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常的临床研究

目的:评价一期三柱截骨术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常患者的有效性及安全性。方法 :以2015年1月～2017年5月我院收治的62例先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常患者为研究对象,男32例,女30例,年龄4～35岁,平均15.3±8.3岁;46例具有神经症状。所有患者均行一期三柱截骨矫形术,术后随访12个月。记录手术时间、术中出血量及术后并发症发生情况;在术前、术后3个月及末次随访时,采用脊柱裂神经量表(SBNS)对患者的估神经功能进行评估,采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)评价疼痛程度,对患者进行全脊柱正侧位X线检查,测量冠状位Cobb角、矢状位后凸Cobb角、躯干偏移,计算矫正率及丢失率。结果:手术平均时间与术中平均出血量分别为565.3±140.8min、3570.6±1855.4ml;术后3个月平均冠状位Cobb角为41.7°±17.7°,平均矫正率为(62.5±13.8)%;平均矢状位后凸Cobb角为38.5°±11.2°,平均矫正率为(66.4±22.6)%;末次随访时平均冠状位Cobb角为43.7°±16.6°,平均丢失率为(1.9±1.1)%;平均矢状位后凸Cobb角为39.7°±11.3°,平均丢失率为(2.3±1.4)%;术后3个月及末次随访时的Cobb角、躯干偏移、SBNS评分及VAS疼痛评分均得到明显改善(P0.05);术前28例SBNS分级为Ⅱ级的患者恢复至Ⅰ级,9例SBNS分级为Ⅲ级的患者恢复至Ⅱ级;14例腰骶部疼痛患者、9例下肢肌力下降患者、8例大小便功能障碍患者及4例下肢细小患者得到改善;发生术后并发症8例,包括3例脑脊液漏、2例伤口感染及3例泌尿系感染。结论:一期三柱截骨术治疗先天性脊柱侧凸合并脊髓异常患者安全有效,且能促进神经功能的恢复。     

腰骶椎管病变导致神经原性排尿功能障碍的诊断及治疗(附30例报告)

目的　探讨腰骶椎管病变导致神经原性排尿功能障碍患者的病因诊断和治疗方法。　方法　对 1989～ 1999年收治的 30例患者行尿动力学和腰骶椎管磁共振 (MRI)检查并手术治疗。　结果　发现脊髓栓系综合征 (TCS) 2 7例 (90 % ) ,其中合并腰骶脂肪瘤 15例 ,脊髓脊膜膨出 5例、错构瘤 1例、双脊髓畸形 1例、结构正常 5例。椎管内占位 3例。按病因手术治疗 ,术后平均随访 2 7.5个月 ,排尿恢复正常 9例、好转 18例 ,膀胱剩余尿恢复正常 5 /10例 ,好转 2 /10例。逼尿肌无反射好转4/7例 ,低顺行性膀胱好转 2 /8例。　结论　神经原性膀胱应作腰骶椎管检查 ,以便及时诊治     

颈椎损伤早期并发症预防与处理

目的研究颈椎损伤的急救处理与早期并发症防治的重要性。方法回顾分析1996年1月～1998年12月收治的194例颈椎损伤患者的急救支持与10类715例并发症发生、治疗及预防措施。结果规范与程序化急救支持可明显降低早期死亡;肺部并发症是死亡的主要原因,早期并发症发生使关键性治疗无法实施或延迟,住院时间延长,住院费用增加。结论颈椎损伤的早期并发症的发生时间往往比较集中,也较有规律,如果能够预防和正确处理则可为治疗、神经功能恢复和康复创造有利条件。     

脊柱手术后迟发脊髓损伤的早期诊断和治疗

目的探讨颈胸椎管狭窄症患者手术后出现迟发性脊髓损伤的原因,提出脊髓手术后缺血再灌注损伤的临床诊断参考依据、预处理和早期治疗方法.方法回顾性分析我科近5年内收治的523例颈椎和胸椎管狭窄症患者中手术后2～3h 出现脊髓损伤患者的临床资料及处理方法,并对其预后进行客观评估.结果5年中,在所有收治并手术的颈胸椎管狭窄症患者中,15例患者于手术后2～3h 出现不同程度的脊髓损伤,主要表现为在手术后3h之内出现严重的进行性脊髓功能丧失,经即刻给予大剂量甲基强的松龙(MP)冲击、脱水药及神经营养药,3例患者症状改善不理想,4例患者症状部分改善,生活可完全自理,8例患者基本恢复正常.结论颈胸椎管狭窄症患者手术后2～3h出现的脊髓损伤可能是脊髓缺血再灌注损伤引起,再灌注损伤在临床上虽然少见,诊断有一定的困难,但损害是灾难性,妥善的处理可望改善患者的生存质量.     

New parameters to represent the position of the aorta relative to the spine for pedicle screw placement

Parameters of the position of the aorta in previous reports were determined for anterior surgery. This study evaluated the relative position of the aorta to the spine by new parameters, which could enhance the safety of pedicle screw placement. Three parameters were defined in a new Cartesian coordinate system. We selected an entry point of a left pedicle screw as the origin. The transverse plane was determined to include both the bases of the superior facet and to be parallel to the upper endplate of the vertebral body. A line connecting the entry points of both sides was defined as the X-axis. The angle formed by the Y-axis and a line connecting the origin and the center of the aorta was defined as the left pedicle–aorta angle. The length of a line connecting the origin and the aorta edge was defined as the left pedicle–aorta distance. Distance from the edge of the aorta to the X-axis was defined as the pedicular line–aorta distance. These parameters were measured preoperatively in 293 vertebral bodies of 24 patients with a right thoracic curve. We simulated the placement of the pedicle screw with variable length and with some direction error. We defined a warning pedicle as that when the aorta enters the expected area of the screw. Sensitivity analysis was performed to find the warning pedicle ratio in 12 scenarios. The left pedicle–aorta angle averaged 29.7° at the thoracic spine and −16.3° at the lumbar spine; the left pedicle–aorta distance averaged 23.7 and 55.2 mm; the pedicular line–aorta distance averaged 18.3 and 51.0 mm, respectively. The ratio of warning pedicles was consistently high at T4–5 and T10–12. When a left pedicle screw perforates an anterior/lateral wall of the vertebral body, the aorta may be at risk. These new parameters enable surgeons to intuitively understand the position of the aorta in surgical planning or in placement of a pedicle screw.     

后路半椎体切除术治疗先天性脊柱侧后凸的初步结果

目的评价后路半椎体切除术治疗完全分节半椎体所致先天性脊柱侧后凸的临床效果。方法回顾性分析施行后路半椎体切除术的先天性脊柱侧后凸18例患者的临床资料,男7例,女11例;手术时年龄1.5～18岁,平均11.3岁。半椎体均为侧后方半椎体,其中胸椎8例、腰椎10例。均行后路一期半椎体切除及矫形固定融合术。内固定器械包括CDH2例、TSRH2例、ISOLA8例、Moss-Miami6例。其中4例使用Meshcage椎间支撑融合。结果手术时间2.5～8.0h,平均5.5h;术中出血量150～2000ml,平均918ml,平均输血量850ml;固定节段2～8个椎体,平均3.7个椎体。术后随访6～24个月,平均13.5个月。站立位全脊柱正侧位X线片示冠状面Cobb角由术前平均42.11°矫正至14.25°,平均矫正率66.40%;矢状面Cobb角由术前49.30°矫正至14.12°,平均矫正率69.98%;顶椎偏移由术前26.94mm矫正至11.06mm。终末随访时冠状面Cobb角平均19.39°,丢失5.14°;矢状面Cobb角平均14.80°,无明显丢失。围手术期并发症包括伤口愈合不良1例,椎弓根切割需翻修1例,无神经系统并发症。结论后路半椎体切除可直接去除致畸因素,在冠状面和矢状面均可获得良好的矫形,与前后路手术相比,可缩短时间、减少创伤,适用于从胸段至腰段的半椎体畸形。     

脊髓型颈椎病早期诊断的前瞻性研究

目的探讨脊髓型颈椎病（ＣＳＭ）早期诊断的可能性,筛选预示ＣＳＭ发作的临床、影像学及电生理指标。方法根据ＣＳＭ常见特征,选择２９项与ＣＳＭ发病有关的指标并据此建立研究对象的入选标准。对８１例符合预选指标的患者进行２～６５年（平均３７年）的随访追踪观察。手术组与非手术组的各项指标行对照研究。结果有上肢疼痛、感觉异常、肢体动作灵活性丧失、动态Ｈｏｆｍａｎｎ征阳性、发育性椎管狭窄、颈椎不稳、颈椎间盘突出、中枢运动传导时间延迟等１３项指标与ＣＳＭ发病密切相关。２９例演变为ＣＳＭ并行早期手术处理,术后疗效良好。结论通过对有临床可疑指标者密切观察和随访,颈椎病的早期诊断是可能的;对其中出现神经损害征象者,宜及早手术以避免对神经功能产生不可逆性损害;早期手术有望获得良好疗效     

Dorsal thoracic spinal cord herniation: report of an unusual case and review of the literature

Background context

Spinal cord herniation is a rare but well-documented condition that has been associated with tethering through the dural defect. Both spinal cord herniation and cord tethering result in progressive myelopathy that can be improved or stabilized with surgical intervention. Most cases of herniation are caused by dural defects in the ventral or ventrolateral thoracic spine, rarely occurring through the dorsal dura. This is the first reported case of a spontaneous dorsal herniation.

Purpose

To describe a unique case of thoracic tethered cord resulting from a dorsal dural defect through which there is spinal cord herniation.

Study design

A case report and review of the literature.

Methods

A 55-year-old man presented with progressive low back pain, paresthesias, and weakness in his left lower extremity that was exacerbated by walking. Imaging revealed a dorsal dural defect with tethering and herniation of the spinal cord at T7.

Results

The patient underwent a T6–T7 laminoplasty to release the tethered cord and repair the dural defect. At 1-year follow-up, the patient noted improvement in strength and back spasticity.

Conclusions

Spinal cord herniation through a dural defect is an uncommon but important cause of symptomatic tethered cord in adults. Surgical intervention can significantly alter the course and prevent further disability.     

经胸腔镜前路松解后路矫形一期治疗僵硬性脊柱侧弯10例初步报告

[目的]观察经胸腔镜前路松解后路矫形一期治疗僵硬性脊柱侧弯的效果。临床资料:共10例特发性脊柱侧弯(K ingⅡ6例,K ingⅢ3例,K ingⅣ1例)。男6例,女4例;年龄14~21岁,平均17.2岁。冠状面Cobb s角67°~125°(平均91.9°),胸椎侧凸柔软度为19.30%~36.5%(平均28.3%)。[方法]全麻下(单或双肺通气)侧卧位胸腔镜下以顶椎为中心做5~6个椎间盘及纤维环的切除达到松解植骨,术毕改俯卧位行后路三维矫形术。[结果]本组患者均前路成功松解胸椎,手术时间120~150 m in,术中出血量100~200 m l(平均151 m l),术后引流量100~150 m l;同期行后路器械矫形;术后Cobb s角为26°~75°(平均47°),侧弯矫正率51.5%。患者切口Ⅰ/甲愈合。无气胸、呼吸道梗阻、肺部感染以及神经系统并发症。经6~12个月随访,植骨均已融合。无矫形度的丢失及内固定并发症;外形改善明显。[结论]经胸腔镜前路松解后路矫形一期治疗僵硬性脊柱侧弯可有效提高手术效果,有很好的安全性,减少手术次数。