烹调油烟对饮食从业人员血中脂质过氧化物的影响

本文通过对３６名烹调油烟接触者和３０名非接触者血浆脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）、红细胞超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）水平进行研究，结果表明：烹调油烟接触者血浆ＬＰＯ含量高于非接触者（Ｐ＜００５），并与油烟浓度呈正相关（ｒ＝０６４９７，Ｐ＜００５），而红细胞ＳＯＤ活性低于非接触者（Ｐ＜００５），并与接触油烟浓度呈负相关（ｒ＝－０６７０４，Ｐ＜００５）。提示烹调油烟可诱导机体产生自由基，导致血浆ＬＰＯ增多，红细胞ＳＯＤ降低。烹调油烟的致突变性和细胞遗传毒性可能与其引起的自由基代谢紊乱有关     

乙二醛对小鼠脂质过氧化物水平及SOD活性的影响

目的 测定乙二醛染毒小鼠血清及组织中脂质过氧化主要产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的变化,以探讨乙二醛毒性的可能机制。方法 40只小鼠分成1个对照组和3个实验组,实验小鼠的染毒剂量分别为1．29,mmol／kg、2．58mmol／kg和5．16mmol／kg,每天腹腔注射1次,连续染毒30d。用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)比色法测定血清及组织中MDA含量,用黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定全血及组织中SOD活性。结果 乙二醛染毒小鼠高剂量组肾脏MDA含量与对照组相比显著升高,其他各项指标与对照组相比差异均无显著性;小鼠全血、肝脏和肾脏中SOD活性变化与对照组相比差异均无显著性。结论 乙二醛能够增高小鼠肾脏MDA含量,提示有可能导致肾组织氧化损伤。     

高压氧对重型脑损伤患者血液流变学及自由基的影响

目的研究高压氧(HBO)对重型脑损伤患者血液流变学及血清脂质过氧化物(LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的影响。方法72例重型脑损伤随机分成高压氧组和对照组各36例,HBO组给予高压氧及临床常规治疗,对照组则单纯给予常规治疗。治疗前及治疗后20 d检测血液流变学指标,LPO、SOD。结果高压氧组血液流变学指标较治疗前明显改善,接近正常水平,对照组血液流变学亦改善,但不如HBO组明显;2组治疗前后相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);高压氧组LPO明显下降,SOD明显升高,治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),而对照组无明显改善。HBO组总有效率较对照组显著(P<0.05)。结论高压氧可明显改善重型脑损伤患者的血液流变学指标,提高SOD水平,降低LPO水平,临床治疗效果较好。     

职业性铅暴露人群血铅的危险因素研究

目的探讨职业铅暴露人群血铅的危险因素,为采取针对性的防控措施提供科学依据。方法选择余姚市蓄电池工厂227名工人作为研究对象,采用统一调查表对个人职业史、生活习惯、教育程度等进行调查,同时进行血铅和车间空气中铅浓度测定。在此基础上,分别采用单因素、多因素条件logistic回归分析筛选血铅的关联因素,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果本研究共设29个检测点,仅5个点合格,合格率17.24%,工人平均血铅水平为(578.54±175.56)μg/L。单因素条件logistic回归分析显示性别、吸烟、户籍、文化程度和车间空气铅浓度等变量均可影响血铅浓度。多因素条件logistic回归分析显示车间空气铅浓度和户籍差异有统计学意义。结论工作场所铅浓度较高,工人血铅普遍较高,车间空气铅浓度和户籍是血铅增高的危险因素。     

铝接触对工人脂质过氧化水平的影响

目的 研究铝接触对工人脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法 选取某铝厂工人65人,观察血清铝、尿铝浓度,血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）活力、丙二醛（MDA）含量及红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶mg/m^3）,铝接触组血清铝（74．08μg/L）和尿铝（30．51μg／L）浓度明显高于对照组（血清铝27．38μg／L、尿铝8．11μg／L）;血清GSP－Px活力降低（分别为95．02U／0．1ml和142．97U／0．1ml）,血清MDA含量增高（分别为6．72nmol/L和4．28nmol/L）,红细胞中SOD活力增高（分别为22562．39、39、19523．28NU／ml）,差异有显著性（P＜0．001）;血清铝、尿铝浓度皆与血清GSH－Px活力呈负相关,且均与血清MDA含量及及细胞中SOD活力呈相关。结论 铝接触工人脂质过水平过高,SOD活力升高可能是机体为保护组织免受脂质过氧化损伤的代偿作用。     

职业性铅暴露工人血铅和血尿酸的相关性分析

目的 研究职业性铅作业工人血铅和尿酸的变化,探讨血铅浓度变化和血尿酸指标之间的关系.方法 车间空气中铅烟的短时间接触浓度用原子吸收火焰法检测.选择一般情况可比的非铅作业工人作为对照,根据接触铅的浓度是否超过职业限值将263名铅接触工人分为职业限值内组及超职业限值组.分析不同血铅水平和血尿酸指标的变化.结果 (1)车间空气中铅烟的时间加权平均容许浓度(PC-TWA)达0.13 mg/m3,超标率为68.61％; (2)接铅超职业限值组血铅浓度达(3.16±0.03) μmol/L、尿酸为(528±109.48) μmol/L,均显著高于对照组(P＜0.05); (3)血铅浓度的变化和尿酸异常率存在一致的变化趋势.结论 职业性铅接触引起血铅浓度升高和血尿酸升高,且血铅浓度越高,血尿酸升高程度越大.     

职业性噪声暴露对工人血脂水平的影响

目的通过比较职业性噪声暴露人群与非职业性噪声暴露人群的血脂各项指标之间的差异,探索噪声对血脂的影响规律,为预防和减轻噪声作业对工人的影响提供科学依据。方法通过检测血脂中总胆固醇（CHO）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL．C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL．c）指标的含量水平进行横断面研究,比较职业性噪声暴露人群与非职业性噪声暴露人群的血脂各指标差异。结果血脂异常检出率观察组为51．18％,对照组为43．38％,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5．674,P〈0．05）;噪声观察组工人血脂成分中TG、CHO、LDL-C含量与对照组比较明显提高,HDL—c含量较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;随着工龄的增加,TG、CHO、LDL—C含量也增高,各工龄之间,TG、CHO、LDL．C、HDL—c差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,工龄5-9年组和10年一组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论长期噪声接触可使工人血脂代谢紊乱,应加强对噪声暴露人员的宣传教育与防治。     

铅作业工人血铅、尿铅和锌原卟啉测定结果分析

目的比较铅作业工人和非铅作业工人血铅、尿铅浓度、红细胞锌原卟啉和血常规的差异,探讨铅作业工人红细胞锌原卟啉和血铅、尿铅浓度的相关性。方法以蓄电池企业的252名铅作业工人作为接铅组,电子厂205名非铅作业工人作为对照组,测定血铅、尿铅浓度、红细胞锌原卟啉和血常规,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果接铅组血红蛋白含量低于对照组(P0.05),白细胞和红细胞、血小板则无差异(P0.05),接铅组红细胞锌原卟啉、血铅、尿铅浓度均显著高于对照组(P0.01),尿铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关系数(r)=0.166,血铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关系数r=0.406。结论长期接触铅可导致血铅、尿铅浓度和红细胞锌原卟啉升高,血红蛋白降低,对白细胞、红细胞、血小板无明显影响,血铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关性较尿铅与红细胞锌原卟啉的相关性好。     

Urinary lead as a possible surrogate of blood lead among workers occupationally exposed to lead

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to investigate whether lead (Pb) in urine (Pb-U) can be a valid surrogate of lead in blood (Pb-B), the traditional biomarker of exposure to lead in occupational health. Methods: Blood and spot urine samples were collected from 258 workers of both sexes occupationally exposed to lead. The samples were analyzed for lead by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the correlation between Pb-B and Pb-U was examined by linear regression analysis before and after logarithmic conversion. Results: The correlation coefficient (0.824; P < 0.01) was largest when the relationship between Pb-B and Pb-U was examined with 214 cases of one sex (i.e., men) after Pb-U was corrected for a specific gravity (1.016) of urine (Pb-Usg) and both Pb-B and Pb-Usg were converted to logarithms. The geometric means (GMs) of Pb-B and Pb-Usg for the 214 men were 489 μg/l and 81 μg/l, respectively. When Pb-Usg was assumed to be 100 μg/l in this set of correlations, the 95% confidence range of Pb-B for the group mean was narrow, i.e., 543–575 μg/l (with GM of 559 μg/l), whereas that for individual Pb-B values was as wide as 355–881 μg/l. Conclusions: The correlation of Pb-U with Pb-B among workers occupationally exposed to Pb was close enough to suggest that Pb-U may be a good alternative to Pb-B on a group basis, but not close enough to allow Pb-U to predict Pb-B on an individual basis. Received: 6 April 1999 / Accepted: 17 July 1999     

闽西冶炼厂工人血铅水平调查分析

目的了解闽西多家锰铁合金冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒发生情况,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法选取2010-2012年间,对7家冶炼厂的作业工人进行血铅含量检测,接触铅烟(尘)人员慢性铅中毒发病情况进行调查。结果 3年间7家冶炼厂合计采集空气样品130份,超过国家卫生标准35份,超标率为26.90%;7家冶炼厂作业工人血铅检测样本388例,按《职业慢性铅中毒诊断标准》(GBZ 37-2002),血铅增高131例,其中观察对象84例,轻度中毒41例,中度中毒4例,重度中毒2例。作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率,生产环境与职业卫生管理制度好的是甲、庚厂,累计患病率为11%;差的丁、己厂为60.9%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=69.7,P<0.05);接触工龄<1年,10年～,≥20年与其他工龄比较有统计学意义(χ2分别为5.57、5.65、5.16,均P<0.05);男、女发病率差异比较具有统计学意义(χ2=11.61,P<0.01)。结论闽西这7家冶炼厂作业人员慢性铅中毒检出率较高,防护设施不齐全,并且工人自我防护意识薄弱。职业健康监护覆盖面有待提高。     

粉尘作业工人免疫球蛋白与超氧化物歧化酶的测定研究

为了研究粉尘作业工人的免疫球蛋白和超氧化物歧化酶的改变情况,探讨尘肺早期诊断的辅助指标。方法对男性的粉尘作业工人、非接尘工人和尘肺患者血清中免疫球蛋白及ＳＯＤ的含量检测。     

氧疗新生儿血中超氧化物歧化酶、丙二醛的含量及其意义

目的:观察不同胎龄的新生儿在氧疗前后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)的变化,探讨它们在ROP发生中的作用。方法:选择2006年1月～2007年9月需氧疗的早产儿32例作为A组;足月儿26例作为B组。对照组为同期住院的不需氧疗的早产儿20例作为C组,足月儿18例作为D组。于吸氧前(0天)、吸氧第3天(3天)、第7天(7天)采集静脉血测定SOD的活性及MDA的含量。结果:①SOD:早产儿出生时血清SOD活性较足月儿低(P<0.01),吸氧3天与7天时,A组(分别为61.716±12.605、50.057±14.053)明显低于C组(72.265±15.422、72.346±14.784),P<0.05,且A组于3天与7天时血清SOD活性与吸氧前(72.822±10.859)相比明显降低(P<0.001);B组于吸氧3天时SOD水平(87.014±10.222)与吸氧前(91.161±10.877)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而7天时(67.755±9.730)明显低于吸氧前水平(P<0.0001),且7天时与对照组D组(90.728±13.877)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。②MDA:A组于吸氧后3天与7天时血清MDA水平(分别为6.83±1.52、7.19±0.98)均高于吸氧前(5.62±1.38),P<0.05。吸氧7天时与对照组C组7天时(5.89±0.92)相比明显升高(P<0.01);B组吸氧后3天血清MDA水平(3.44±0.62)与吸氧前(3.06±0.28)相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),7天时血清MDA水平(4.47±0.81)高于吸氧前(P<0.01),且明显高于对照组D组(3.01±0.52),P<0.01。结论:早产儿较足月儿对脂质过氧化损伤更为敏感,且早产儿在高氧环境下缺乏自我保护,更加容易受到氧自由基的损伤。     

Bone, blood and semen lead in men with environmental and moderate occupational exposure

Lead (Pb) in blood, bone, and semen was measured in 162 to 186 environmentally exposed men from Mexico City, aged 19- 48. Semen Pb was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, blood Pb by atomic absorption spectrometry and bone Pb by K X-ray fluorescence. Mean Pb levels in blood, semen, tibia (cortical) and patella (trabecular) bone were 12 microg/dl, 2.7 microg/l, 13 microg/g, and 20 microg/g, respectively. Semen Pb was determined by blood Pb and patella Pb. Determinants of higher tibia Pb were age, living near industry in which Pb is used, and a high occupational Pb exposure index. Higher patella Pb was predicted by age, higher traffic density near home, a high index of occupational exposure to Pb and a greater number of cigarettes smoked per day in the year prior to the study. Blood and bone Pb results are consistent with findings in other populations. Semen results provide new information on the semen-bone Pb relationship. Bone, especially trabecular one, proved to be a significant endogenous lead source for blood and semen burdens in reproductive aged men.     

二硫化碳接触工人体内一氧化氮水平的初探

目的　探讨二硫化碳 (CS2 )作业工人体内一氧化氮 (NO)水平的变化及其机制。　方法选取某化纤厂CS2 作业工人 6 0名和不接触CS2 工人 36名 ,分别测定血浆NO、脂质过氧化物 (LPO)水平及红细胞超氧化物歧化酶 (Ery SOD)活性。结果　高、低剂量接触组工人血浆NO水平分别为(4 3 2 8± 19 83)和 (5 0 0 7± 2 1 0 1) μmol/L ,与对照组 (70 6 6± 2 6 83) μmol/L比较 ,两者均显著降低 ;高、低剂量接触组工人Ery SOD活性分别为 4832 2 1和 3 5 2 0 80u/gHb ,与对照组 (2 42 5 34u/gHb)比较 ,高剂量组显著升高 ;高、低剂量接触组工人血浆LPO水平分别为 19 38和 17 0 9μmol/L ,与对照组(4 37μmol/L)比较 ,均显著增高。结论　职业性长期接触CS2 能导致体内血浆NO水平下降 ,其机制与CS2 诱导体内超氧阴离子水平升高有关     

蓄电池制造业工人铅暴露及血铅影响因素分析

目的了解蓄电池制造行业铅污染状况,分析接铅工人血铅影响因素,为铅中毒的预防提供科学依据。方法通过对生产车间铅烟铅尘浓度检测和接铅工人职业健康检查收集数据,采用SPSS13.0统计软件对数据进行分析。血铅水平单因素分析采用t检验、方差分析,多因素分析采用有序logis-tic回归分析。结果生产车间铅尘、铅烟的短时间接触浓度均数为分别为0.191mg/m3、0.067mg/m3,超标率分别为41.67%、18.75%。单因素分析表明性别、年龄、工龄、抽烟、饮酒、工作所在部门、工种均是接铅工人血铅水平的影响因素。多因素分析表明性别、饮酒、工种是血铅水平等级提高的危险因素。结论加强对铅尘、铅烟重点超标岗位的治理。铸造/铅粉、裁减、研磨、焊接等工种的男性接铅工人为慢性铅中毒的高危人群,提倡戒酒,加强个体防护。     

老年性白内障患者血清及红细胞中超氧化物歧化酶水平研究

[目的]为探讨超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)与老年性白内障(SC)的关系。[方法]应用黄嘌呤氧化酶法,对128例老年性白内障患者血清T-SOD,红细胞Cu-ZnSOD活力进行检测,并与100例健康老年人作比较。[结果]老年性白内障患者T-SOD,Cu-ZnSOD活力都明显低于正常对照组,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。[结论]超氧化物歧化酶与老年性白内障密切相关,二者的动态检测和即时纠正有助于对老年性白内障预防与延缓病程。     

Chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase in the plasma in patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver injuries

The chemiluminescence level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined in the plasma of patients with alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver injuries. Chemiluminescence level was significantly higher in alcoholics than in non-alcoholics. It increased significantly in patients with fatty livers and had a tendency to increase with the progression of alcoholic liver injury from a fatty liver to liver cirrhosis. Mn-SOD activity was elevated in patients with alcoholic liver injuries. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the levels of plasma chemiluminescence and plasma Mn-SOD activity. The increases in chemiluminescence and Mn-SOD activity suggests that the generation of a large amount of activated oxygen is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of alcoholic liver injury in humans.     

Relationship of air lead and blood lead for workers at an automobile battery factory

Summary Air lead and blood lead data, recorded over a period of 3 years for 972 employees at an automobile battery factory as part of a lead control program, were summarized and statistically analyzed. The air lead values were measured by mobile area samplers for approximately 2 years and then by personal samplers for approximately 1 year. Blood lead analyses were usually performed once a month for most of the workers.The trend in air lead levels was significantly upward in the 1st year and significantly downward in the 2nd year while the trend in blood lead levels was significantly downward in the 1st year and in the 3rd year. There were no other significant trends.To assess the relationship between air lead and blood lead, data were used whenever an air lead obtained by personal sampler was followed within 1 month by a blood lead on the same worker. The variables age, job tenure, and department identity were included in an analysis of covariance. Only air lead and departments were significant, accounting for 9% and 13% of the variance in blood lead, respectively. From these data 95% confidence limits were calculated for predicting blood leads from given air leads for an individual worker. These were 30–68 g/100 ml at 200 g/m³; 25–62 g/ 100 ml at 100 g/m³, and 22–60 g/100 ml at 50 g/m³.     

采石工人血清脂质过氧化水平和抗氧化酶活性的研究

目的　探讨二氧化硅粉尘对人体作用中的脂质过氧化机制 ,寻求矽尘作业人员早期健康监测灵敏指标。方法　整群抽取 10 4名长期从事矽尘作业的采石工人和 10 1名无接尘、接毒史的健康工人为研究对象。分别测定血清中丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH Px)的含量并对其结果进行相应的统计分析。结果　接尘组血清MDA、SOD均高于对照组 ,而GSH Px则低于对照组 ,且均有统计学意义。 3项指标的异常检出率均高于对照组 ,其中MDA、SOD差异有显著性。接尘组MDA含量与SOD呈正相关 ,而与GSH Px呈负相关 ,3项指标均与累积接尘剂量有一定的相关。结论　二氧化硅粉尘可引起接触者体内脂质过氧化水平和抗氧化酶活性改变     

Parental occupational lead exposure and lead concentration of newborn cord blood

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of parental occupational lead exposure on the lead levels of newborn cord blood in the Taipei area. From September 1984 to June 1985, 5,000 pregnant women voluntarily participated in the study at the Taipei Municipal Maternal and Child Hospital. Each woman was interviewed regarding her and her husband's occupational exposures; 2,948 successfully delivered healthy newborns, and cord blood samples were obtained using Terumo Venoject, and 242 samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry using an Instrumentation Laboratory 251 instrument. Nine cord blood samples were from newborns with both parents exposed, 26 samples had maternal exposure only, 105 samples had paternal exposure only, and 102 were nonexposed. The results showed that the average lead level of cord blood with both parents exposed was 8.9 +/- 2.9 micrograms%, maternal exposure 9.0 +/- 3.8 micrograms%, paternal exposure 8.3 +/- 3.4 micrograms%, and 6.9 +/- 3.2 micrograms% in the nonexposed group. There were significant differences between the nonexposed and the maternal exposure groups, and also between the nonexposed and paternal exposure groups. All 26 maternal exposures were from lead soldering operations. Multivariate analysis revealed that, after control of father's exposure status, newborn cord blood lead level increased 0.27 micrograms% for each hour the mother spent on lead soldering during a normal working day, thus suggesting that soldering during pregnancy may be hazardous to newborns. Paternal contribution to the cord blood lead levels seemed to be through either working at home with the pregnant mother also at home or bringing work clothes home for laundering.