父母养育心理灵活性问卷中文版的信效度初步研究

目的:修订父母养育心理灵活性问卷(PPFQ)中文版并检验其信效度。方法:选取北京某两所小学学生的父母共1075人,回收有效问卷1015份。随机选取其中的一半(n=510)进行探索性因子分析,另一半(n=505)进行验证性因子分析和区别效度检验。在总样本中随机选取389人,用认知融合问卷(CFQ)、接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-Ⅱ)、自评焦虑量表(SAS)、自评抑郁量表(SDS)、正念注意觉知量表(MAAS)、特质应对方式问卷(TCSQ)和Conners儿童行为问卷(CBRS)检验效标效度。间隔7周后,从总样本中随机选取225人进行重测。结果:经过3次探索性因子分析,得到的PPFQ中文版有16个条目,包含认知解离、接纳和承诺行动3个因子,累计方差解释率58.1%,载荷为0.63~0.86;验证性因子分析表明三因子模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=1.77,NFI=0.94,IFI=0.97,GFI=0.96,TLI=0.96,CFI=0.97,RMSEA=0.04);3个因子彼此之间均具有良好的区别效度(均P0.01);PPFQ总分及各分问卷得分与CFQ、AAQ-Ⅱ、SAS、SDS、TCSQ消极应对、CBRS得分均呈负相关(r=-0.16~-0.52,均P0.01),与MAAS、TCSQ积极应对得分均呈正相关(r=0.14~0.37,均P0.01)。问卷的Cronbachα系数为0.77~0.86,重测信度为0.55~0.75。结论:修订后的父母养育心理灵活性问卷中文版的效度和信度良好,可用于评估父母养育心理灵活性。     

消极情绪调节期待量表中文版测评大学生样本的效度和信度

目的:在大学生群体中修订消极情绪调节期待量表(NMRE)中文版,并检验其效度和信度。方法:从北京和山东选取800名大学生(样本1)完成NMRE中文版的初测,通过项目分析和探索性因子分析确定32个项目的正式问卷。从山东省选取400名大学生(样本2)施测NMRE中文版正式问卷,进行验证性因子分析、内部一致性检验,同时施测流调中心用抑郁量表(CESD)、状态-特质焦虑量表(STAI)和应对量表(COPE),以及内控性、有势力他人及机遇量表(IPC)和Marlowe-Crowne社会期望量表(MCSD),以检验效标关联效度。6周后从样本2中随机选取80名大学生再次施测NMRE中文版,以检验重测信度。结果:探索性因子分析显示量表为单维结构,验证性因子分析表明该量表拟合良好(RMSEA=0.06,NFI=0.97,CFI=0.95,GFI=0.93,AGFI=0.95)。NMRE总分与CESD、STAI、COPE回避应对、IPC有势力他人和机遇得分均呈负相关(r=-0.28~-0.57),而与COPE问题解决应对、情感应对维度得分及IPC内控性、MCSD得分呈正相关(r=0.32、0.17、0.31、0.22),均P<0.001。量表的Cronbachα系数为0.88,重测信度为0.81。结论:消极情绪调节期待量表中文版具有较好的测量学指标,可以用于大学生消极情绪调节期待的研究。     

积极心理健康量表中文版测评城市成年人的效度和信度

目的:在城市成年人中检验积极心理健康量表(PMHS)中文版(PMHS-C)的效度和信度。方法:在河南省部分城市选取成年人386名，进行探索性因子分析；选取成年人860名，进行验证性因子分析及效标效度和内部一致性信度检验；选取73名成年人进行间隔2周的重测。使用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、流调中心抑郁量表(CES-D)简版、广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)、心理弹性量表简易版(CD-RISC)作为效标工具。结果:PMHS-C的各条目具有良好的区分度，各条目得分和总分的相关(r)均>0.70(均P<0.01);探索性因子分析显示量表为单因子结构，解释方差为72.98%;验证性因子分析显示模型拟合指标良好(χ²/df=5.26,CFI=0.99,TLI=0.98,RMSEA=0.07);PMHS-C得分与GHQ-12、CES-D、GAD-7得分负相关(r=-0.69、-0.63、-0.52),与CD-RISC得分正相关(r=0.55),均P<0.01。量表的Cronbach α系数为0.95,重测信度(ICC)为0.69。结论:积极心理健康量表中文版测评...     

正性负性信息注意量表中文版测试大学生样本的效度和信度

目的:引进正性负性信息注意量表(APNI),并在大学生样本中检验其效度和信度,为国内研究者提供一个便捷可靠的认知偏向测评工具。方法:对APNI英文版进行翻译、回译、再翻译和修订。选取两个样本共1450名大学生进行施测,样本1(n=1000)用于条目分析、探索性因子分析、效标效度及信度分析,样本2(n=450)用于验证性因子分析;在样本1中随机选取68名大学生间隔1周进行重测。用贝克抑郁量表(BDI-II)和病人健康问卷(PHQ-9)检验效标效度。结果:条目分析显示APNI中文版的22个条目具有良好的区分度。探索性因子分析显示量表包含正性信息注意和负性信息注意两个因子;验证性因子分析显示量表具有良好的拟合指标(χ2=1376,RMESA=0.09,CFI=0.94);BDI-II、PHQ-9总分均与API得分呈负相关(r=-0.24、-0.29,均P0.01),而与ANI得分均呈正相关(r=0.36、0.31,均P0.01)。APNI两个分量表的内部一致性α系数分别为0.86和0.82,重测信度分别为0.79和0.62。结论:正性负性信息注意量表中文版在大学生样本中具有良好的效度和信度,可以用来评估我国大学生群体的认知偏向特点。     

注视焦虑评定量表测评大学生的效度和信度

目的:检验注视焦虑评定量表(GARS)中文版测评大学生群体的适用性。方法:选取北京市某高校大学生352名(样本1)用于条目分析、探索性因子分析和效度检验,另外选取大学生229名(样本2)用于验证性因子分析和内部一致性信度检验,选取大学生27名(样本3)进行间隔2周的重测。以社会交往焦虑量表(SIAS)、恐惧负性评价简表(BFNE)、状态特质焦虑量表(STAI)、流调用抑郁量表(CES-D)和大五人格问卷简式版(CBF-PI-B)为效标问卷。结果:探索性因子分析得到能力表现、演讲和日常3个因子;验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.18,TLI=0.96,CFI=0.97,SRMR=0.04,RMSEA=0.07);GARS总分与SIAS、BFNE、状态焦虑、特质焦虑、CES-D、CBF-PI-B的神经质得分均呈正相关(ICC=0.67、0.32、0.42、0.39、0.33、0.34,均P0.001)。总量表的Cronbach α系数为0.91,2周后重测信度为0.76。结论:本研究显示,注视焦虑评定量表(GARS)中文版测评中国大学生样本的信效度指标合格。     

能力权变自尊量表和关系权变自尊量表测评大学生人群的效度和信度

目的:在大学生群体中修订能力权变自尊量表(CBSES)和关系权变自尊量表(RBSES),并检验其信度和效度。方法:在哈尔滨、沈阳、湘潭选取4所高校的大学生共420人(样本1),数据用于条目分析和探索性因子分析;另外选取大学生335人(样本2),数据用于验证性因子分析及内部一致性信度检验;选取哈尔滨某高校的大学生95人(样本3),施测自尊量表(SES)及多维完美主义问卷(MPS)中的完美主义适应性分量表及完美主义高标准分量表中自我完美主义、社会完美主义维度检验CBSES的建构效度,施测SES和抑郁体验问卷(DEQ)的依赖分量表(DEQ-A)检验RBSES的建构效度;1个月后,在样本3中随机选取51人进行重测。结果:探索性因子分析后,CBSES共12个条目,分为权变于结果、自我批评、权变于能力3个维度;RBSES删除了1个条目,剩余13个条目,分为权变于爱、顺从、害怕被拒绝3个维度。验证性因子分析显示CBSES(χ~2/df=2.27,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.91,RM SEA=0.06,SRM R=0.05)和RBSES(χ~2/df=2.92,CFI=0.91,TLI=0.89,RM SEA=0.08,SRM R=0.06)的模型拟合较好。2个量表总分均与SES得分均呈负相关(r=-0.43、-0.26,均P0.05),而与其他建构效度检验工具得分呈正相关(r=0.34~0.61,均P0.01)。CBSES总量表及3个维度的Cronbachα系数为0.82、0.72、0.70、0.55,重测信度ICC为0.92、0.82、0.91、0.70;RBSES总量表及3个维度的α系数为0.84、0.76、0.80、0.80,重测信度ICC为0.94、0.82、0.92、0.86。结论:能力权变自尊量表和关系权变自尊量表中文版具有良好的信效度,可以用来测量大学生的权变自尊。     

依恋方式问卷中文版的适用性研究

目的:考察依恋方式问卷(Attachment Style Questionnaire,ASQ)中文版的适用性。方法:1160名大学生和439名临床病人完成了ASQ、流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D)和状态特质焦虑量表等自评量表,其中114名大学生两周后第二次完成ASQ。采用验证性因素分析检验ASQ二阶模型与数据之间的拟合程度,并检验量表的内部一致性信度、重测信度、分半信度和聚合效度。结果:ASQ中文版的二阶模型与数据之间的拟合指标为(大学生/临床样本:χ~2/df=4.95/2.72、GFI=0.94/0.91、CFI=0.91/0.92、RMSEA=0.06/0.06);两样本中,ASQ各因子和各维度的内部一致性信度(Cronbach’sα:0.54～0.88)、重测信度(0.68～0.83)、分半信度(0.75,0.77)均符合测量学要求;不安全型依恋得分与CES-D和STAI得分均呈显著中等正相关(r=0.35～0.66)。结论:ASQ中文版在大学生和临床样本中的适用性良好。     

认知情绪调节问卷中文版在抑郁性障碍患者中的应用

目的:评估认知情绪调节问卷(CERQ)中文版在抑郁性障碍患者中的信度、效度。方法:299例抑郁性障碍患者完成认知情绪调节问卷和流调中心用抑郁自评量表。结果:CERQ全量表的α系数为0.858,9个分量表的α系数在0.622～0.869之间;全量表条目间平均相关系数为0.144,9个分量表的条目间平均相关系数在0.291～0.623之间;全量表的分半信度系数为0.747,9个分量表的分半信度系数为0.613～0.856。验证性因子分析结果显示TLI为0.890,CFI为0.904,IFI为0.905,RMSEA为0.053。依据CES-D得分将被试分为抑郁低分组、抑郁高分组,两组患者在CERQ自我责备、沉思、积极重新评价、理性分析和灾难化等因子上的得分差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:CERQ的信度与效度达到了心理测量学要求,可用于测查抑郁性障碍患者的认知情绪调节方式。     

认知融合问卷中文版的信效度分析

目的:分析认知融合问卷(CFQ)中文版在一般人群中施测的信效度,为研究认知融合提供可靠有效的测量工具。方法:将CFQ译为中文版,包含13个条目。选取两个样本共1022位受试进行施测,样本1(n1=789)用于条目-总分相关系数分析和探索性因素分析,样本2(n2=233)用于验证性因素分析、效标效度和信度检验。用自评抑郁量表(SDS)、自评焦虑量表(SAS)来检验效标效度。间隔2周后,从样本2中随机选取82人进行重测。结果:条目-总分相关系数显示认知解离分问卷(CFQ-D)的4条目均<0.3,予以删除,仅保留认知融合分问卷(CFQ-F)的9条目。修订后探索性因素分析提取出1个因子,方差解释率为60.3%。验证性因素分析显示单因素模型拟合良好(χ2/df=2.01,NFI=0.97,IFI=0.99,CFI=0.99,RM SEA=0.06)。效标效度检验显示,CFQ-F与SDS和SAS得分均呈正相关(r=0.50、0.55,均P<0.01)。CFQ-F内部一致性系数为0.92,重测信度0.67。结论:认知融合问卷(CFQ)应只保留认知融合分问卷(CFQ-F)。CFQ-F中文版具有较好的信效度,可在我国用于认知融合相关研究。     

社会信息加工-归因偏向问卷中文版在大学生中的应用

目的:在大学生中修订社会信息加工-归因偏向问卷(SIP-ABQ)。方法:对631名大学生(样本1)和600名大学生(样本2)分别进行探索性与验证性因子分析;以Buss-Perry攻击问卷(BPAQ)、替代性攻击问卷(DAQ)和SIP-ABQ负性情绪分量表为构念效度检验问卷;6个月后对样本1中的238人进行重测。结果:对SIP-ABQ归因部分进行探索性因子分析得到敌意归因、工具归因和积极归因3个因子,累计方差总解释率为45.71%;验证性因子分析支持3因子模型,排除工具归因和积极归因的5个条目后的拟合指数良好(χ~2=399.40,df=145,χ~2/df=2.75,CFI=0.92,TLI=0.91,RMSEA=0.05,SRMR=0.06);敌意归因得分与各构念效度得分均呈正相关(ICC=0.29～0.59)。问卷3个因子的Cronbach α系数分别为0.87、0.77、0.63,重测信度(ICC)分别为0.78、0.65、0.71。结论:社会信息加工-归因偏向问卷中文版的敌意归因的效度与信度良好,可以作为大学生敌意归因偏向的评估工具,但应谨慎使用工具归因和积极归因分量表。     

Topical organization of the projections of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral field of the tegmentum of the midbrain to the head of the caudate nucleus of the cat

Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology -     

Asymmetry of the internal connections of the striate cortex of the cat in the projection zone of the center of the field of vision

Studies were carried out on the organization of the internal connections of the striate cortex in cats in the projection zone of the center (0–5°) of the field of vision by microintophoretic application of horseradish peroxidase to electrophysiologically identified orientational columns. The area containing neurons showing retrograde labeling in most cases extended in the mediolateral direction. Labeled cells were located in the upper (II, III) and lower (V, VI) layers of the cortex, and the shapes and orientations of the areas containing labeled neurons in these layers coincided. Spatial asymmetry was detected in the distribution of labeled neurons relative to the orientational column studied. Labeled cells were located predominantly medial to the columns, regardless of the distance from the projection of the area centralis. Considering the visuotopical map of field 17, the asymmetry detected here provides evidence that neurons in orientational columns have more extensive connections with neurons of the peripheral part of the cortex. An asymmetrical distribution of “silent” zones around the receptive fields of neurons in orientational columns is suggested, and that these appear to receive influences from the periphery of the visual field. Laboratory of Visual Physiology and Laboratory of Central Nervous System Morphology, I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Makarov Bank, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia. Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 82, No. 12, pp. 23–29, December, 1996.     

Characteristics of the topographic interrelation of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum and pathology of the organs of the pancreatoduodenal area

Seventy pancreatoduodenal complexes of 55 patients with chronic pancreatitis and tumours of this zone and 15 patients died from other diseases are studies histotopographically . The pieces of the pancreatic head tissue in the medial wall of the duodenum were found in 12 cases of the first group and in 4 control cases. The pancreatic tissue consisted either of all elements of this organ or cystically dilated ducts and seemed to infiltrate different layers of the duodenum wall. Three variants of the pancreatic head structure are suggested on the basis of anatomo-topographical interrelationships of the pancreatic head and duodenum. In 12 out of 14 cases chronic pancreatitis and carcinoma of organs of this zone were combined with the variants of the pancreatic head structure, in 2 cases there was a true heterotopy . Pathogenetic significance of these variants for the development of chronic pancreatitis is discussed.     

Influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitude of the synaptic reactions of the snail under voltage clamping conditions

The influence of the level of the transmembrane potential on the dynamics of the extinction of the amplitudes of summary excitatory postsynaptic currents arising in identified giant parietal neurons in response to rhythmic stimulation of the intestinal nerve was investigated in a preparation of the isolated CNS of the common snail in order to identify the possibility of the participation of the postsynaptic element in synaptic plasticity. It was demonstrated that, at a greater value of the transmembrane potential, the decrease in the amplitudes of the postsynaptic currents which have been induced by rhythmic stimulation takes place more rapidly. It was also demonstrated that at a higher frequency of stimulation of the nerve, the effect of the influence of the membrane potential level on the dynamics of the synaptic reactions is more prominent. The data obtained may be regarded as an argument in favor of the possibility of the participation of the post-synapse in plasticity. This study was partially supported by the Russian Basic Research Fund (project No. 94-04-12209). Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 171–179, January–February, 1995.     

Effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on the behavior of the rat.

The effects of the lesion of the postcommissural part of the septum on behavior of the rat has been studied. Results may be summarized as follows. An increase in the exploratory behavior in the open field which decreases rapidly; a decrease in the number of defecations in this test and a decrease in time leaving a dark environment for exploration. In the shuttle box test, no facilitation of the acquisition, but a permanent and quite significant increase in the intertrial activity has been found. We conclude that the lesions tend to decrease the emotivity of the subjects. An interpretation on the basis of the species -- specific defensive reactions explains the transitory and permanent effects of the lesions on the spontaneous activity.     

Effect of the conditions of adaptation of the optic analyzer to the function of the thermoreceptors of the human skin

Summary A discussion is presented of the effect produced by light stimulation applied to the optic analyzer alone on the function of the temperature analyzer. The cutaneous-temperature analyzer was kept on constant illumination and temperature. The light effects from the retinal photoreceptors on the cutaneous thermoceptor system led to reflex changes of the functional rate of the latter. Conditions of the optic analyzer of light adaptation caused reflex adjustment of cold receptors as to heating. Dark adaptation of the eyes changed the functional state of the cold receptors, corresponding to their adjustment to low temperatures.(Presented by Active Member AMN SSSR V. V. Parin) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp. 3–6, March, 1964