肿瘤直径>1cm甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移规律及危险因素分析

目的  探讨肿瘤直径>1 cm甲状腺乳头状癌的颈部淋巴结转移规律及其危险因素,为规范手术清扫范围提供临床依据。方法  回顾性分析1998年3月至2018年4月在解放军第960医院甲状腺乳腺外科行甲状腺全切+颈部中央区和侧区淋巴结清扫手术治疗的685例肿瘤直径>1 cm甲状腺乳头状癌患者的临床资料,采用χ2检验分析不同临床特征患者的中央区淋巴结转移率及侧区淋巴结转移率的差异,采用多因素Logistic回归分析甲状腺乳头状癌颈部中央区及侧区淋巴结转移的影响因素。结果  685例肿瘤直径>1 cm甲状腺乳头状癌患者中,有542例出现颈部淋巴结转移,总转移率为791%;其中中央区淋巴结转移率为715%（490/685）,侧区淋巴结转移率为552%（378/685）,“跳跃性”转移率为267%（52/195）。在中央区转移的490例患者中,有326例（665%）出现侧区淋巴结转移。患者男性、年龄<55岁、肿瘤直径大、侵犯包膜、多灶性、双侧肿瘤和不合并结节性甲状腺肿患者的颈部中央区淋巴结转移率较高（P<005）;患者的肿瘤直径大、侵犯包膜、多灶性、双侧肿瘤和不合并结节性甲状腺肿患者的颈部侧区淋巴结转移率较高（P<005）。Logistic回归分析提示,年龄<55岁、男性、双侧性、侵犯包膜是颈部中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素;侵犯包膜、不合并结节性甲状腺肿是侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素。结论  肿瘤直径>1 cm甲状腺乳头状癌患者的颈部淋巴结转移率较高,应在常规进行规范的治疗性中央区淋巴结清扫的同时,积极行预防性侧区淋巴结清扫,尤其是对于伴中央区淋巴结转移、侵犯包膜、多灶癌、双侧肿瘤、不合并结节性甲状腺肿的患者。     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈侧区淋巴结跳跃转移危险因素分析

  目的  探讨甲状腺乳头状癌（papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC）淋巴结跳跃转移（中央区无淋巴结转移,颈侧区有淋巴结转移）的规律及危险因素。  方法  回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年12月重庆医科大学附属第一医院521例行甲状腺全切+中央区及颈侧区淋巴结清扫的PTC患者的临床病理资料,分析跳跃转移的危险因素。  结果  本研究PTC跳跃转移率为8.3%（43/521）,肿瘤位于甲状腺上极（OR=3.401,95%CI:1.770~6.536;P=0.001）,年龄>45岁（OR=2.856,95%CI:1.488~5.482;P=0.002）,单侧癌（OR=3.424,95%CI:1.182~9.920;P=0.023）是PTC出现颈侧区淋巴结跳跃转移的独立危险因素。本研究比较cN1b的PTC患者和肿瘤位于甲状腺上极的cN0 PTC患者跳跃转移情况,发现肿瘤位于上极cN0的PTC患者出现潜在跳跃转移的可能性高于cN1b患者（P=0.022）。  结论  PTC颈侧区淋巴结跳跃转移并不少见,术前、术中针对颈侧区淋巴结转移状态的评估很重要,尤其是肿瘤位于上极,年龄>45岁的单侧PTC患者,必要时需行患侧颈侧区淋巴结清扫。      

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及危险因素分析

目的:探讨甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移特点及相关危险因素在颈部不同区域淋巴结转移中的意义.方法:回顾性分析北京世纪坛医院2010年1月至2014年12月术后病理证实为甲状腺癌的404例患者的临床资料,就年龄、性别、术前TSH水平、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、合并结节性甲状腺肿等因素与颈部不同区域淋巴结转移之间的关系进行分析.结果:甲状腺癌发生淋巴结转移时,多数转移至中央区,其次为颈侧区,颈侧区淋巴结转移中Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区转移率相当,且明显高于Ⅱ区.单因素分析结果显示,性别、肿瘤最大径、多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并结节性甲状腺肿与中央区、颈侧区淋巴结转移均有关(P＜0.05),而年龄和中央区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05),合并桥本甲状腺炎与颈侧区淋巴结转移有相关性(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性患者、年龄＜45岁、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变是中央区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05),而多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎是颈侧区淋巴结转移的独立危险因素(P＜0.05).结论:甲状腺乳头状癌中年龄＜45岁的男性患者、肿瘤最大径＞1cm、多灶病变可增加中央区淋巴结转移的风险.而表现为多灶病变、被膜侵犯、合并桥本甲状腺炎、可疑跳跃性转移及中央区淋巴结转移阳性的患者,颈侧区淋巴结转移风险性增加.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈部淋巴结转移特点及清扫策略

背景与目的：目前,在甲状腺癌颈淋巴结清扫方面存有较大分歧。该研究总结甲状腺乳头状癌淋巴结转移的特点,为择区淋巴结清扫提供理论依据。方法：回顾性分析2006年7月—2014年8月收治的462例甲状腺乳头状癌患者病历资料,分析其淋巴结转移规律及其影响因素,评判cN0标准的准确性。结果：全组患者均行患侧中央区(Ⅵ区)淋巴结清扫,320例行侧颈区淋巴结清扫术(Ⅱ～Ⅴ区)或择区淋巴结清扫(Ⅱ～Ⅳ区中的部分或全部),90例行对侧中央区淋巴结活检。73.2%(338/462)符合cN0标准,病理证实其中有184例淋巴结转移,cN0标准误诊率达60.9%。颈部淋巴结总转移率为65.4%(302/462),侧颈区淋巴结转移率为42.6%(197/462),“跳跃转移”率为13.1%(42/320),对侧中央区淋巴结转移率为50%(45/90)。男性、肿瘤累及腺叶上1/3、肿瘤T3或T4、多中心病灶是淋巴结转移的危险因素。肿瘤累及腺叶上1/3是喉前淋巴结转移及“跳跃转移”的危险因素。喉前淋巴结转移及中央区淋巴结2个以上转移者侧颈区淋巴结转移率显著增加(分别为85.7%和83.3%, P＜0.05)。结论：现行cN0标准不能作为确定淋巴结清扫范围的依据;甲状腺乳头状癌易发生淋巴结转移,其中Ⅵ区淋巴结转移率最高,依次为Ⅲ区、Ⅱ区、Ⅳ区、Ⅴ区;初次手术应常规清扫患侧中央区淋巴结,建议将Ⅵ区淋巴结送冰冻病理;当喉前淋巴结有转移或Ⅵ区2个以上淋巴结转移时,或肿瘤累及腺叶上1/3者,有必要行侧颈区(或择区)淋巴结清扫;对侧中央区淋巴结转移率较高,需予以重视;中央区淋巴结再分亚区具有重要意义,应深入研究。     

双侧甲状腺乳头状癌中央区隐匿转移相关因素分析

目的：探索双侧甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）中央区隐匿转移的规律。方法对收治的56例中央区临床阴性（cN0期）的双侧PTC患者常规行中央区清扫,回顾性分析术后病理中央区转移的相关因素。结果全组患者中央区转移率为64.3%（36/56）,其中单侧中央区转移率为25.0%（14/56）,双侧转移率为39.3%（22/56）。在可区分轻重侧的33例患者中,无转移,双侧转移,仅轻侧转移和仅重侧转移比例分别为33.3%、39.4%、9.1%和18.2%,轻、重侧总转移概率分别为48.5%和57.6%,差异无统计学意义（χ2=0.547,P=0.459）。最大肿瘤直径﹥1 cm和颈侧转移是中央区隐匿转移的影响因素;以单侧病变为对象分析,肿瘤浸润包膜和侧颈转移是该侧中央区隐匿转移的独立危险因素。结论双侧PTC患者具有较为特殊的中央区转移规律且隐匿转移发生率较高,在情况允许下可考虑进行双侧中央区清扫。     

喉癌同侧颈淋巴结转移癌穿透包膜的相关因素及其与对侧颈淋巴结转移和患者预后的关系

目的探讨喉癌同侧颈部淋巴结转移癌穿透包膜的相关因素及其与对侧颈部淋巴结转移和患者预后的关系。方法对184例喉癌患者进行手术治疗的同时,行经典或改良经典颈廓清术,对颈廓清标本采用透明淋巴结摘出连续切片法,摘出淋巴结,并进行病理检查。采用Kaplan-eier方法对随访资料进行生存分析。结果184例喉癌患者中,颈部淋巴结转移癌80例,其中穿透包膜26例,穿透包膜率为32．5％。单因素分析结果表明,淋巴结转移癌是否穿透包膜与病理N分期和同侧颈部淋巴结转移数有关。淋巴结转移癌穿透包膜者同侧颈部复发转移率（34.6%）、对侧颈部转移率（46．2％）均高于未穿透包膜者。淋巴结转移癌穿透包膜患者3、5年生存率分别为53．9％和23．1％,其生存率低于未穿透包膜患者。结论淋巴结转移癌是否穿透包膜与病理N分期和同侧颈部淋巴结转移数有关。淋巴结转移癌穿透包膜患者的对侧转移率高,应行双颈廓清术。淋巴结转移癌穿透包膜是影响患者预后的重要因素,病理科应当检查转移淋巴结被膜是否穿破,并予以报告。     

喉癌中央区淋巴结转移：11年喉癌手术病例回顾性分析

背景与目的：对于喉癌患者是否常规行颈部中央区淋巴结清扫,目前尚存在争议。本研究探讨喉癌患者中央区和侧颈区淋巴结转移、颈部复发以及疾病预后生存情况。方法：回顾性分析1999—2009年复旦大学附属肿瘤医院收治的118例确诊为喉癌患者的临床病理资料。其中34例患者行颈部中央区淋巴结清扫。回顾分析肿瘤原发灶分级,中央区和侧颈区淋巴结转移临床资料,以及患者总生存率(overall survival, OS),无病生存率(diseas-free survival, DFS)和局控率(local control rate, LCR)。结果：在118例喉癌患者中,颈部中央区淋巴结转移率为11.9%(14/118),包括在34例中央区淋巴结清扫患者中证实10例,未作淋巴结清扫,在随访中发现中央区淋巴结转移4例。肿瘤声门下或者梨状窝侵犯是中央区转移以及中央区复发的危险因素(P=0.002)。中央区淋巴结转移与颈部IV区转移相关(P<0.001),侧颈区淋巴结包膜外侵犯(P=0.001)和血管侵犯(P=0.015)是中央区淋巴结转移、中央区复发和颈侧区复发的危险因素。中央区淋巴结转移阳性喉癌患者较阴性患者局控率低(P=0.035)。侧颈区淋巴结转移阳性患者较阴性患者无病生存率(P=0.014)和局控率(P=0.025)低。声门上喉癌更容易发生颈部Ⅱ区淋巴结转移(P=0.044)。结论：喉癌患者应注意中央区淋巴结清扫。声门上喉癌患者应注意颈部Ⅱ区淋巴结清扫。中央区淋巴结转移阳性患者应注意颈部Ⅳ区淋巴结清扫。     

pN1a甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫数与临床转归的关系

背景与目的:甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC)常发生颈部淋巴结转移,多见于颈部中央区.该研究旨在探讨转移淋巴结数小于等于5枚的pN1a PTC患者颈部中央区淋巴结清扫数与131I"清甲"治疗后临床转归的关系.方法:回顾性分析2012年2月—2014年12月北京协和医院收治的167例经术后病理证实存在1~5枚淋巴结转移的pN1a PTC患者的临床资料,均行全甲状腺切除或近全甲状腺切除联合中央区淋巴结清扫术.经过131I"清甲"治疗后中位随访26个月,将患者的临床转归根据美国甲状腺协会(American Thyroid Association,ATA)2015年发布的《成人甲状腺结节与分化型甲状腺癌诊治指南》分为:满意(excellent response,ER)、不确切(indeterminate response,IDR)、血清学反应欠佳(biochemical incomplete response,BIR)和影像学反应欠佳(structural incomplete response,SIR).计算不同淋巴结清扫数对应的累计ER率(以ERn表示,n为淋巴结清扫数,ERn为清扫数小于等于n枚淋巴结后达到ER的患者数占清扫数小于等于n枚淋巴结的总人数的百分比),分析中央区淋巴结清扫数与ERn的关系.结果:随着中央区淋巴结清扫数增多,ERn总体呈上升趋势,ER1、ER5、ER10和ER30分别为25.0%、66.7%、74.7%和79.1%,且n由1至10时ERn升高明显.n大于等于10的患者的满意率高于n小于10的患者,差异有统计学意义(85.7%vs 73.3%,P=0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,中央区淋巴结清扫数大于等于10枚(OR=2.720,95%CI:1.052~7.033,P=0.039)、131I治疗前刺激性甲状腺球蛋白(stimulated thyroglobulin,sTg)水平(OR=0.955,95%CI:0.926~0.984,P=0.003)是影响ER的独立预后因素.结论:随着中央区淋巴结清扫数的增多,pN1a PTC患者131I"清甲"治疗后更易达到ER;对于淋巴结转移数小于等于5枚的pN1a PTC患者,中央区淋巴结清扫数大于等于10枚有助于其131I"清甲"治疗后达到ER.     

Clinicopathologic Features Predicting Involvement of Nonsentinel Axillary Lymph Nodes in Iranian Women with Breast Cancer

Background: Almost half of the breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes have no additional disease in the remaining axillary lymph nodes. This group of patients do not benefit from complete axillary lymph node dissection. This study was designed to assess the clinicopathologic factors that predict non-sentinel lymph node metastasis in Iranian breast cancer patients with positive sentinel lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: The records of patients who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy, between 2003 and 2012, were reviewed. Patients with at least one positive sentinel lymph node who underwent completion axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled in the present study. Demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics including age, primary tumor size, histological and nuclear grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, extracapsular invasion, and number of harvested lymph nodes, were evaluated. Results: The data of 167 patients were analyzed. A total of 92 (55.1%) had non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis of data revealed that age, primary tumor size, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, extracapsular invasion, and the number of positive sentinel lymph nodes to the total number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes ratio, wereassociated with non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. After logistic regression analysis, age (OR=0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.8), primary tumor size (OR=7.7; 95% CI, 1.4-42.2), lymphovascular invasion (OR=19.4; 95% CI, 1.4-268.6), extracapsular invasion (OR=13.3; 95% CI, 2.3-76), and the number of positive sentinel lymph nodes to the total number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes ratio (OR=20.2; 95% CI, 3.4-121.9), were significantly associated with non-sentinel lymph node metastasis. Conclusions: According to this study, age, primary tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular invasion, and the ratio of positive sentinel lymph nodes to the total number of harvested sentinel lymph nodes, were found to be independent predictors of non-sentinel lymph node metastasis.     

Case report--a long-term surviving patient who received lymph node dissection of skip metastasis from rectosigmoid cancer to bilateral lateral lymph nodes

Skip metastasis in colorectal cancer consists of about 10% of lymph node metastases. We report a rare long-term surviving patient of skip metastasis to lateral nodes after lymph node dissection. A forty-two years old female received anterior resection for advanced rectosigmoid cancer. Because pathological stage of the patient was stage IIIa (T3N1M0), standard adjuvant chemotherapy was provided. Serum CEA increased just two years after the first operation. PET scan showed abnormal FDG uptake in lymph nodes along the aorta. Lymph nodes along the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), bilateral common iliac artery and aorta were dissected. There were metastases to nodes along the common iliac artery but no metastasis along the IMA was observed. So we diagnosed it as skip metastasis. The patient is still alive without any metastasis after 6 years from the second operation.     

Role of skip metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer

BACKGROUND: Skip metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes is a well-known phenomenon in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Little is reported in the literature about its clinical importance. It is still under discussion whether any prognostic differences exist between resected NSCLC with either skip metastases or continuous mediastinal lymph node metastases (N2). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the data of 45 patients with a pN2-stage, who underwent resection for NSCLC. Seventeen of these patients (37.8%), showing no metastatic involvement of hilar (N1) lymph nodes, were compared to the remaining 28 patients with infiltration of hilar nodes (N1) as well as N2 nodes. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the skip metastasis and the continuous N2 group regarding sex, age, histology, T- or M-status. The frequency of skip metastasis was higher in patients with a primary tumor in the upper lobe (n = 12, 71%) compared to the lower lobe (n = 5, 29%). This difference was not statistically significant. In patients with a non-continuous lymph node spread, 29 out of 119 resected mediastinal lymph nodes were infiltrated (1.7 per patient, range: 1-10). Compared to 83 metastatic involved lymph nodes out of 198 resected mediastinal nodes (three per patient, range: 1-10) in patients with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.034, Mann-Whitney test). The 5-year survival rate of pN2 patients with skip metastasis was 41% compared to 14% in patients with involvement of N1 and N2 nodes (P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: pN2 patients with mediastinal lymph node skip metastasis have a more favorable prognosis compared to pN2 patients with continuous infiltration of the regional lymph nodes. Patients with a continuous lymph node involvement show an increased number of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes per patient compared to patients with a non-continuous spread. Skip metastasis is an independent prognostic factor of survival. The presence of skip metastasis seems to be a unique subgroup of pN2 disease in NSCLC.     

Lymph node management in clinically node-negative patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma

Aims

Systematic lymph node dissection in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains controversial. The objective of this study was to study the pattern of lymph node spread in patients with PTC clinically node-negative and then to propose a lymph node management strategy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who had undergone total thyroidectomy and a systematic central neck dissection (CND) and lateral neck dissection. Ninety patients with PTC without lymph nodes metastases (LNM) detected on preoperative palpation and ultrasonographic examination were included.

Results

Forty-one patients (45.5%) had LNM. Twenty-eight patients (31%) had a central and a lateral involvement. Thirteen patients (14.5%) had only a central involvement. All the patients without LNM in the central compartment were also free in the lateral compartment. There was no correlation between LNM status and TNM staging.The largest LNM in the central compartment was smaller than or equal to 5 mm in 66% of the cases, and that could explain the lack of sensitivity of the preoperative ultrasonographic examination.

Conclusion

CND could be considered at preoperative or intraoperative diagnosis of PTC whereas lateral neck dissection should be performed only in patients with preoperative suspected and/or intraoperatively proven LNM. Systematic CND allows an objective evaluation of lymph node status in this central cervical area where the LNM are particularly small and difficult to detect preoperatively.     

乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结跳跃式转移的临床病理研究

目的 探讨乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结跳跃式转移与患者临床病理特征的关系及其对预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析1502例行完全腋窝淋巴结清除术乳腺癌患者的临床资料,观察腋窝淋巴结跳跃式转移的发生规律,分析其与患者临床病理特征的关系及对预后的影响.结果 有淋巴结转移者814例,其中腋窝淋巴结跳跃式转移者119例,占14.6%;跳跃式转移中,最常见的是从第Ⅰ、Ⅱ水平跳过第Ⅲ水平至腋尖,发生率为5.2%.跳跃式转移的发生与患者的年龄、肿瘤大小、临床分期以及雌激素受体状态均无关(均P＞0.05).Ⅰ～Ⅱ期患者中,跳跃式转移组的10年无病生存率较非跳跃式转移组低(58.5%∶ 77.3%,P＝0.003);Ⅲ期患者中,两组的10年无病生存率差异无统计学意义(50.0%∶ 57.6%,P＝0.457).Cox多因素分析显示,肿块大小、淋巴结转移数目、淋巴结结外是否受侵及是否发生跳跃式转移,是影响患者预后的独立因素.结论 某些常见的临床病理指标尚不能准确地预测腋窝淋巴结跳跃式转移的发生;早期乳腺癌发生跳跃式转移者预后差,对其应坚持严格而规范的治疗.     

甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移的危险因素分析

目的：探讨甲状腺微小乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移的危险因素,分析高分辨率B 超对侧颈淋巴结转移的诊断意义。方法：回顾性分析2013年1 月至2013年11月天津医科大学肿瘤医院共1 037 例甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者的临床病理资料。结果：1 037 例患者中央区淋巴结转移率为32.02%（332 例）,侧颈淋巴结转移率为6.85%（71例）。男性、年龄≤ 45岁、肿瘤直径> 5 mm、多灶性、双发性、侵犯包膜和甲状腺外局部侵犯者中央区淋巴结转移率较高（P < 0.05）。 男性、中央区淋巴结转移、B 超诊断阳性者侧颈淋巴结转移率较高,并且随着中央区淋巴结转移数目的增多,侧颈转移率也随之增高（P < 0.05）。 高分辨率B 超对侧颈淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度分别为92.96% 、81.48% 。结论：对中央区淋巴结转移高危因素的人群应行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫术,高分辨率B 超对预测甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者颈淋巴结转移具有重要的诊断意义,对侧颈淋巴结转移高危因素的人群应行患侧侧颈淋巴结清扫术。     

Predictive value of the Delphian lymph node in cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma

IntroductionDelphian lymph node metastasis (DLNM) has proven to be a risk factor for a poor prognosis in head and neck malignancies. This study aimed to reveal the clinical features and evaluate the predictive value of the Delphian lymph node (DLN) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) to guide the extent of surgery.MethodsTianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital pathology database was reviewed from 2017 to 2020, and 516 PTC patients with DLN detection were enrolled. Retrospective analysis was performed, while multivariate analysis was performed to identify the risk factors for DLNM.ResultsAmong the 516 PTC patients with DLN detection, the DLN metastasis rate was 25.39% (131/516). Tumor size >1 cm, location in the upper 1/3, central lymph node metastasis (CLNM), lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for DLNM. Patients with DLNM had a higher incidence of ipsilateral CLNM, contralateral CLNM (CCLNM) and LLNM, and larger numbers and size of metastatic CLNs than those without DLNM. The incidence of CLNM among cN0 patients with DLNM was higher than that among those without DLNM. The incidence of CCLNM among unilateral cN + patients with DLNM was similarly higher than that among patients without DLNM.ConclusionsDLNM indicates a high likelihood and large number of cervical lymph nodes metastases in PTC patients. Surgeons are strongly recommended to detect DLN status during operation by means of frozen pathology, so as to evaluate the possibility of cervical nodal metastasis and decide the appropriate extent of surgery.     

Roles of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the surgical management of cervical lymph node metastases in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Aims

Adequate evaluation and surgical management of cervical lymph node metastasis is very important in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of preoperative ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT) on the surgical management of cervical lymph node metastases in PTC.

Methods

Medical records and imaging findings were retrospectively analyzed for 252 patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy with neck dissection.

Results

The sensitivity of both imaging techniques was lower in the central neck (US 23%, CT 41%) than in the lateral neck (US 70%, CT 82%). The specificities of US and CT were 97% and 90% in the central neck, and 84% and 64% in the lateral neck, respectively. Our surgical plans for therapeutic neck dissection were based on imaging findings in 59% of patients who underwent lateral compartment neck dissection and in 32.1% of patients who underwent central compartment neck dissection, respectively.

Conclusions

The roles of preoperative US and CT in surgical planning for central compartment neck dissection in PTC are limited because of their low sensitivity in the central neck, but US and CT may be useful in cases with non-palpable lateral neck nodes.     

甲状腺乳头状癌颈淋巴结转移CT评估47例分析

[目的]探讨CT检查诊断甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）颈淋巴结转移的临床价值及对手术治疗的指导意义。[方法]回顾性分析47例行功能性颈清扫PTC的术前CT结果．并与病理诊断结果对照。[结果]绝大多数淋巴结转移灶有特征性影像学改变。颈中央区淋巴结转移率最高（46．8％），并且小的转移淋巴结CT不能发现而出现5例假阴性。47例患者CT检查灵敏度为86．5％（32／37），特异度90．0％（9／10）。[结论]对PTC初次手术应包括颈中央区淋巴结清扫；对初治时为临床颈侧区淋巴结阴性（cN0），但术前CT提示为颈侧区淋巴结转移阳性的患者，支持行颈侧区淋巴结的选择性清扫。     

甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫的临床意义

[目的]探讨临床颈淋巴结阴性(CN0)的甲状腺乳头状癌中央区淋巴结清扫的临床意义.[方法]对2010年1月至2011年6月收治的178例CN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者行中央区淋巴结清扫,其中67例同期行外侧区淋巴结清扫.评估中央区淋巴结清扫术的安全性,并对中央区及外侧区淋巴结转移相关因素进行分析.[结果]中央区淋巴结清扫没有明显增加手术并发症.中央区淋巴结转移率为44.4％;中央区淋巴结转移率与肿瘤大小有关,外侧区淋巴结转移率与中央区淋巴结阳性数目有关.[结论]中央区淋巴结清扫是一个方便安全的手术,能使部分患者免除外侧区颈清扫,应列为CN0甲状腺乳头状癌患者的常规选择.     

Analysis of risk factors for skip lymphatic metastasis and their prognostic value in operated N2 non-small-cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to report a series and to analyze risk factors for skip lymphatic metastasis an their prognostic value in operated N2 non-small-cell lung carcinoma. METHODS: From 1997 to 2002, 142 patients classified pN2 were included in the study. Tumours were classified according to the TNM classification. Skips metastases were defined by the cases of N2 disease without lobar and interlobar and hilar lymph node involvement. A skip (+) and a skip (-) group were defined. Characteristics of tumours, ganglionar involvement and survival were analysed in both groups. RESULTS: Forty-two patients fulfilled the criteria for skip metastasis. The average number of mediastinal lymph nodes resected by patient was similar in both groups, whereas more intrapulmonary nodes were dissected in the skip (-) group (4.7 +/- 3 vs 3 +/- 3; p < 0.002). The ratio of involved to resected lymph nodes was 0.47 +/- 0.27 in the skip (-) group vs 0.23 +/- 0.20 in the skip (+) group (p < 0.0001). In the skip (+) group, 85% of the patients presenting with a right upper lobe tumour had involvement of the superior mediastinal lymph nodes against 40% in the skip (-) group. The 5-year survival rate was 48% in the skip (-) group vs 37% in the skip (+) group (p = 0.49). In multivariate analysis, incomplete resection, tumour size, extended resection and pT were significant prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: Skip metastasis are frequent in non-small-cell lung cancer and complete dissection of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes should remain the surgical standard procedure for this disease. However, skip metastasis are not an independent prognostic factor in survival.     

cN0 甲状腺乳头状癌对侧中央区淋巴结转移相关 因素的探讨

  目的  分析 cN0 甲状腺乳头状癌(papillary thyroid carcinoma,PTC) 对侧中央区淋巴结(contralateral central lymph nodes, Cont-CLNs) 转移相关因素,探讨 Cont-CLNs 清扫适应证。  方法  回顾性分析 2013 年 6 月至 2015 年 12 月就诊于重庆医科大学附属第一医院的单侧 PTC 患者 149 例,均已接受甲状腺全切以及预防性 Cont-CLNs 清扫。分析性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、包膜外侵犯、原发灶数目、是否合并甲状腺炎、喉前淋巴结、Ipsi-CLNs 与 Cont-CLNs 转移的关系。  结果  本组患者 Ipsi-CLNs 转移率和 Cont-CLNs 转移率分别为 73.2%和 23.5%,其中性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、原发灶数目、是否合并甲状腺炎与 Cont-CLNs 转移均不相关(P=0.792、 0.097、0.531、0.578、0.269、1.000) ,包膜外侵犯(P=0.017) 、喉前淋巴结转移(P=0.006) 和 Ipsi-CLNs 转移(P＜0.001) 与 Cont-CLNs 转移相关。但多因素分析后发现 Ipsi-CLNs 转移数目≥3 枚是 Cont-CLNs 转移的独立危险因素(P=0.010) 。  结论  包膜外侵犯、喉前淋巴结和 Ipsi-CLNs 是 Cont-CLNs 的影响因素;当 Ipsi-CLNs 转移数目≥3 枚,且合并喉前淋巴结或包膜外侵犯时,可考虑行 Cont-CLNs 清扫。