七例晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者临床特征及基因突变分析

目的分析4个家系7例晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者之临床特点和基因型,以提高对该病的认识。方法收集患者临床资料,并行酸性α-葡糖苷酶(GAA)基因突变分析。结果 7例患者分别来自4个家系,年龄13～31岁、发病年龄6～17岁、初诊年龄12～29岁、明确诊断年龄12～30岁;首发症状为肢带肌萎缩、无力,酸性α-葡糖苷酶活性0～5.27 nmol/(mg·h)。GAA基因突变分析共发现14种突变,其中2种为新突变位点(Q81X和c.1355_1356delC)、2种假缺陷等位基因位点(G576S和E689K)、8种多态性位点和2种已知的致病突变位点(W746C和D645E)。结论中国大陆地区对糖原贮积病Ⅱ型之诊断时间存在明显的延误,提高医务人员的认识和理解将有助于改善患者预后。在明确诊断糖原贮积病Ⅱ型或判断预后时,应结合临床病史、酸性α-葡糖苷酶活性检测和GAA基因突变分析。糖原贮积病Ⅱ型之临床表型具有异质性,在GAA基因型相同的情况下,同一家系的不同个体间可存在疾病进程和严重程度的差异。     

晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者呼吸功能临床研究

研究背景晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型(又称Pompe病)是一种主要累及骨骼肌的全身性遗传代谢性疾病,由溶酶体内酸性α-葡糖苷酶活性缺乏所致。呼吸衰竭是主要死亡原因。方法对11例经酶学、肌肉病理检查和基因突变分析证实的晚发型Pompe病患者进行立卧位用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、最大吸气压(MIP)、最大呼气压(MEP)和咳嗽峰流速(CPF)测试,与预测值进行对比并计算立位至卧位FVC变化(△FVC)百分比,分析呼吸功能与发病年龄、病程、运动功能、α-葡糖苷酶活性之间的关联性。结果 11例患者均存在肺功能异常,其中立位FVC和FEV1下降者各10例、△FVC下降者8例、MIP下降者11例、MEP下降者10例、CPF下降者10例;卧立位FEV1/FVC均于正常值范围。相关分析显示,立位FVC和△FVC与患者发病年龄、病程、运动功能、α-葡糖苷酶活性不存在关联性。结论呼吸功能障碍在晚发型Pompe病中较为常见。呼吸功能障碍主要表现为限制型通气障碍,以吸气肌无力突出。     

晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型临床、肌肉组织病理学及分子生物学特征分析

目的 总结晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型(GSDⅡ)的临床表现、肌肉组织病理学和分子生物学特征.方法 与结果选择2013年1月至2020年1月在郑州大学第五附属医院诊断与治疗的5例晚发型GSDⅡ型患者,临床主要表现为抬头无力、四肢近端肌无力、肌张力降低、不耐受疲劳和呼吸困难,酸性α葡糖苷酶(GAA)活性均明显降低.5例患者肌肉组...     

Myozyme对一例依赖呼吸机辅助通气的晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者疗效研究

目的观察Myozyme对依赖呼吸机辅助通气的晚期晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者的治疗效果。方法参照药品说明书要求,对1例晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者进行Myozyme治疗,剂量20 mg/kg(1次/2～4周),连续治疗6次,末次给药距首次给药间隔4个月;首次给药前须经静脉注射地塞米松5 mg预处理。随访16个月,记录每日运动功能、脱机时间和呼吸机参数变化。结果患者对Myozyme耐受良好,治疗期间未发生药物不良反应。首次给药第2天肩部压痛感即减轻,随着治疗时间的延长和给药次数的增加,脱机时间延长,原地踏步速度增快和时间延长、双上肢上举力量增加、自主呼吸下行走距离增加和时间延长。疗效评价显示,以治疗7个月时(停药后3个月)疗效最佳,至8个月时(停药后4个月)降至治疗前水平;肩部压痛感最先改善,也最快回复至治疗前水平。结论 Myozyme对依赖呼吸机辅助通气的晚发型糖原贮积病Ⅱ型患者有一定疗效。     

糖原贮积病Ⅱ型基因诊断与治疗进展

糖原贮积病Ⅱ型是一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传性代谢性肌病,以进行性加重的骨骼肌萎缩、无力为特征,依靠临床病史、酸性α-葡糖苷酶(GAA)活性检测和GAA基因突变分析可以明确诊断。早期诊断可使患者在疾病早期即获得具有针对性的治疗和护理,改善预后和提高生活质量。本文拟就该病基因诊断和治疗进展进行概述。     

对《糖原贮积病Ⅱ型诊断及治疗专家共识》的解读

糖原贮积病Ⅱ型是一种罕见的进展性溶酶体贮积病,由位于第17号染色体上的酸性α-葡糖苷酶(GAA)基因突变所致,呈常染色体隐性遗传。明确诊断依靠肌肉组织活检、血清α-葡糖苷酶活性检测和GAA基因突变分析。2006年以来,人重组α-葡糖苷酶用于该病的治疗,使患者预后显著改善。2013年《糖原贮积病Ⅱ型诊断及治疗专家共识》在《中华医学杂志》发表,有助于提高国内相关专科医师对该病的认识以及诊断与治疗水平。     

伴脑血管病的晚发型Pompe病一家系临床、病理和分子遗传学特点

目的 报道1个以脑血管病为主要临床表现的晚发型Pompe病家系,总结其临床、病理和分子遗传学特点.方法 对1个伴脑血管病的兄妹共患病晚发型Pompe病家系进行家系调查和临床、病理资料收集；5名家系成员均行酸性α-糖苷酶(GAA)基因目的片段PCR扩增与测序.结果 患病者为兄妹2人,均有自青少年期出现的进行性肢带肌无力,近来出现眩晕、共济失调等症状方就诊,颅脑CT和MRI示梗死、出血和脑白质多发缺血变性灶,其中哥哥颅脑CT血管成像(CTA)示脑动脉多处狭窄与后循环系统多发动脉瘤,妹妹颅脑CTA仅显示有多处动脉串珠样狭窄.前者肌肉活体组织检查病理表现为典型的空泡样变性和肌纤维内糖原的沉积.2例患者GAA酶活性均明显低于正常.对该家系5位家族成员(包括2例患者)的GAA基因分析发现2例患者及其母亲存在第9号外显子自1388位点起19个碱基的杂合缺失突变.结论 以后循环受累为主的脑血管病是Pompe病少见的特殊表型.GAA基因c.1388 del 19为新发突变,与临床表型的关系尚不能确定.     

糖原累积病Ⅱ型20例临床及病理特点

目的 总结糖原累积病Ⅱ型(GSDⅡ型)的临床及病理学特点.方法 回顾性分析20例经肌肉活体组织检查病理诊断的GSDⅡ型患者的临床和病理资料,并对部分患者进行随访.结果 20例患者中婴儿型1例,表现为全身肌力、肌张力低下,肌萎缩,运动发育迟缓,喂养困难,反复肺部感染合并心功能不全,血清肌酸激酶778 IU/L,肌电图示肌源性损害,超声心动图示肥厚性心肌病;晚发型19例(少年型18例,成人型1例),表现为双侧对称性四肢近端肌萎缩或呼吸肌无力等症状,呼吸肌与肢体肌受累可不平行.15例有实验室检查记录的患者中,14例血清肌酸激酶不同程度升高(208～2600 IU/L).17例行肌电图检查,9例为肌源性损害(其中1例伴易激惹现象),4例为可疑肌源性损害,1例为肌强直样放电,1例神经源性肌源性损害合并存在,2例正常.11例行超声心动检查,发现肥厚性心肌病1例,室间隔增厚、肺动脉高压各2例.肌活体组织病理检查均以肌纤维空泡样变为主要特征,空泡形态多样,多含有嗜碱性颗粒,过碘酸Schiff反应、酸性磷酸酶染色阳性反应明显.结论 GSDⅡ型在临床上表现为慢性肌病,以躯干肌和呼吸肌受累常见.多数患者血清肌酶轻度升高,肌肉病理检查有明显空泡样变,有助于确诊.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical and pathological features of glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ⅱ. Methods The clinical and pathological data of the 20 GSD type Ⅱ patients were reviewed. Results One patient with infantile-onset mainly presented hypotonia, muscle weakness, feeding difficulties, pulmonary infection and cardiomyopathy insufficiency and increase of serum creatine kinase (778 IU/L) and echographic evidence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were detected. Electromyography studies indicated a definite myopathy. Nineteen cases were late-onset, presenting a slowly progressive proximal myopathy with truncal involvement or with symptoms dominated by respiratory insufficiency. Not all muscles were equally affected. Increase of serum creatine kinase (208-2600 IU/L) was detected in 14 patients and normal level in 1 patient. Electromyography studies indicated a definite myopathy in 9 patients,with abnormal irritability in 1 patient and susceptible in 4 patients and myotonic discharge in 1 patient and no abnormalities in 2 patients. Echographic evidence of thickening of the interventricular septum and pulmonary hypertension were detected in 2 patients respectively. The common light microscopic feature of all case was a vacuolar myopathy with high glycogen content and acid phosphatase activity in the vacuoles. Conclusions GSD type Ⅱ often presents slowly progressive myopathy which often affect the toro and respiratory muscles.In most patients the serum creatine kinase level is elevated slightly. Muscle biopsy is of use to make the definite diagnosis of this disease.     

糖原贮积病1型患者卒中风险的研究现状

糖原贮积病（glycogen storage disease,GSD）为糖原代谢障碍导致糖原在肝脏、肌肉、肾脏 等组织器官中贮积所致的一组遗传代谢性疾病,根据酶缺陷不同,至少可分为12型,以GSD1型最常 见,GSD1早期可继发显著的高脂血症,随年龄增长可能出现肾功能不全、高血压等远期并发症,这些 均为动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,可能增加卒中风险。本文依据GSD1合并卒中的病例报告,探讨GSD1卒 中发生的相关机制,目前主要有两种观点：其一认为GSD1患者是早期动脉粥样硬化、卒中的高危人群; 其二认为GSD1有显著高脂血症而卒中发病率小,可能具有抗动脉粥样硬化机制,本文从以上两方面 分别阐述。     

晚发型糖原累积病II型的临床和病理研究

目的：总结晚发型糖原累积病II型（CSDII型）的临床及病理学特点。方法：回顾性分析11例GSDII型患者的临床和病理资料,并对部分患者进行随访。结果：临床表现为对称性四肢肌无力,以近端受累为主,可伴有呼吸肌无力,肌酸激酶（cK）可有不同程度升高,肌电图检查均呈肌源性损害肌电表现,可伴肌强直电位。外周血α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性明显减低,肌肉活组织检查均以肌纤维空泡样变为主要病理特征,过碘酸希夫反应可见空泡内大量糖原沉积,酸性磷酸酶染色阳性。结论：晚发型GSDII型多表现为慢性肌病,易累及四肢肌和呼吸肌,血清CK轻度至中度升高,肌肉病理见明显空泡样变。α-葡萄糖苷酶活性明显减低,有助于确诊。     

Clinical features of late-onset Pompe disease: a prospective cohort study

The objective of this 12-month study was to describe the clinical features of late-onset Pompe disease and identify appropriate outcome measures for use in clinical trials. Assessments included quantitative muscle testing (QMT), functional activities (FAA), 6-min walk test (6MWT), and pulmonary function testing (PFT). Percent predicted values indicated quantifiable upper and lower extremity weakness, impaired walking ability, and respiratory muscle weakness. Significant declines in arm and leg strength and pulmonary function were observed during the study period. The outcome measures were demonstrated to be safe and reliable. Symptom duration was identified as the best predictor of the extent of skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness.     

Quantitative assessment of lingual strength in late‐onset Pompe disease

Introduction: Skeletal muscle is common in late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD). Recent data implicate common bulbar muscle involvement (i.e., the tongue). Methods: We used quantitative assessment of lingual strength to retrospectively determine the frequency and severity of lingual weakness in LOPD. We additionally examined associations between lingual strength and the presence or absence of dysarthria, and dysarthria severity. Results: Quantitative assessment revealed lingual weakness to be present in 80% of the sample. In the 24 affected patients, severity was mild in 29%, moderate in 29%, and severe in 42%. Patients with clinical dysarthria had greater lingual weakness than those without. As dysarthria severity increased, lingual strength decreased by an average of 6.82 kPa. Conclusions: These quantitative data provide additional evidence for presence of bulbar muscle disease in patients with LOPD. Further study is necessary to determine functional effects, temporal progression, and effects of treatment. Muscle Nerve 51 :731–735, 2015     

Expanding the phenotype of late-onset Pompe disease: tongue weakness: a new clinical observation

Introduction: Following the clinical observation of lingual weakness in 2 patients with late‐onset Pompe disease (LOPD), tongue strength was assessed in 19 consecutive patients to determine the frequency and severity of this neurological sign. Methods: Lingual strength was assessed using manual muscle testing; if weakness was present, severity was established as mild, moderate, or severe. Results: All the patients exhibited lingual weakness, even 2 asymptomatic patients with a positive family history. Weakness was mild in 12 (63%), moderate in 6 (32%), and severe in 1 (5%). Dysarthria and/or dysphagia were observed or reported in 7 of 19 (37%) patients. Conclusions: Lingual weakness may be present as an axial sign of LOPD, even relatively early in the disease course, and may contribute to the differential diagnosis of this now treatable condition. Dysphagia and/or dysarthria may also occur. This finding further expands the phenotype of LOPD. Muscle Nerve, 2011     

糖原累积病的临床电生理、骨骼肌和肝脏病理及基因研究

目的探讨和总结糖原累积病(GSD)的临床病理和基因突变特点。方法回顾性分析18例GSD患者EMG、骨骼肌病理、肝脏病理及二代测序结果。结果GSD慢性起病、波动性,主要表现为四肢近端肌无力,累及膈肌可发生呼吸困难。EMG多为肌源性损害,偶可正常或神经源性损害。骨骼肌活检可见肌纤维胞浆内出现空泡(糖原流失)及嗜碱性颗粒物(糖原蓄积);PAS染色示空泡内异常糖原颗粒沉积。电镜示肌原纤维间糖原贮积伴溶酶体或髓样小体形成。4例患者行肝脏活检示肝细胞肿胀,呈植物细胞壁样镶嵌状排列;胞质内见红色粉尘样物,PAS强阳性证实为糖原。6例患者行二代测序,5例发现GAA杂合突变。7例患者病情迅速进展,5年内死亡;7例缓慢进展,存活5~9年;4例失访。结论(1)GSD早期仅有单纯肌无力症状或低血糖、EMG缺少特异性,多系统受累伴有呼吸困难、肝肿大等提示本病。(2)肌肉和肝脏病理出现大量PAS染色阳性的糖原颗粒对确诊GSD有重要作用。肌活检空泡肌纤维抗线粒体抗体增高提示GSD伴发线粒体代谢紊乱。Dysferlin蛋白免疫组化呈斑片状肌膜和肌质染色,提示钙介导的肌膜融合修复受损可引起继发性肌膜受损。(3)GAA复合杂合突变导致Pompe病(GSDⅡ型)。     

A Case of Adult-onset Pompe Disease with Cerebral Stroke and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Background

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive glycogen storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal glycogen-hydrolyzing enzyme acid α-glucosidase. The adult-onset form, late-onset Pompe disease, has been characterized by glycogen accumulation, primarily in skeletal and smooth muscles, causing weakness of the proximal limb girdle and respiratory compromises.

类固醇肌病的临床和病理特点分析（附10例报道）

目的：探讨类固醇肌病的临床和病理特点。方法：收集2007至2011年收治的10例有使用糖皮质激素史,并经肌肉活检病理证实的类固醇肌病患者的临床资料,分析并总结其临床和病理特点。结果：10例类固醇肌病患者中女性6例、男性4例,年龄14~79（51.1±18.5）岁。使用激素后至起病时间为7 d至14个月。所有病例均表现为四肢近端无力,股四头肌均呈不同程度萎缩,7例以双下肢近端受累为主,3例同时有上臂肌群萎缩;血清肌酸激酶（CK）和CK-mb均正常,9例乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）值高于正常上限;肌电图示轻度肌源性损害;肌肉活检均可见肌纤维大小不一;酶学染色提示：Ⅱ型纤维选择性萎缩。结论：类固醇肌病好发于中老年人群,多在使用糖皮质激素数周至数月后发生,肌无力和肌萎缩以下肢近端为主,血清CK基本正常,LDH轻度增高,肌肉病理示选择性Ⅱ型纤维萎缩为其病理特点。