C反应蛋白水平对不稳定性心绞痛的预后价值

目的：评价C反应蛋白(CRP)对不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)患预后的价值。方法：测定105例UAP患的血清CRP含量，并观察其终点事件的发生。结果：CRP＞3．6mg/L的UAP患其急性心肌梗死、心脏事件发生率明显高于CRP＜3．6mg/L的UAP患(P＜0．01)。结论：血CRP水平升高是不稳定性心绞痛预后的预测因子。     

曲美他嗪对不稳定型心绞痛的治疗作用

目的 观察曲美他嗪治疗不稳定型心绞痛的疗效。方法 选择2001-03～06北京天坛医院不稳定型心绞痛病人44例,在常规治疗基础上随机分为两组,一组加用曲美他嗪,另一组应用硝酸脂类药物作为对照,服药2周。结果 治疗后两组病人每天心绞痛发作次数、硝酸甘油片消耗量比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),且两组分别较治疗前明显减少,ECG改善两组间比较差异无显著性。结论 曲美他嗪治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效肯定,并与硝酸脂类药相似。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者的血管内超声分析

目的:应用血管内超声(IVUS)探讨不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者的斑块形态学特点。方法:经冠状动脉造影和IVUS检查的冠心病患者57例,其中稳定型心绞痛(SAP)21例,UAP 36例,根据斑块回声的强度,将斑块分为软斑块、纤维斑块、钙化斑块、混合斑块和斑块破裂等,分析比较UAP和SAP患者的斑块的形态学特点。结果:IVUS发现软斑块的比例在SAP和UAP患者中分别为47.6%和75.0%,纤维斑块的比例分别为52.4%和25.0%,斑块破裂分别为0和30.6%,钙化斑块分别为52.4%和19.4%(均P<0.05)。结论:IVUS显示UAP的斑块形态学特点主要表现为软斑块和斑块破裂。     

Non-invasive risk stratification within 48 h of hospital admission in patients with unstable coronary disease

AIMS: In this study we evaluated the prognostic value of three methodsof early risk estimation in patients with unstable coronarydisease. METHODS AND RESULTS: The methods evaluated were: clinical risk estimation at hospitaladmission, continuous ST analysis with computerized vectorcardiographyfor 24 h and serial measurements of creatinine kinase-MB for48 h. Twenty-seven (14%) of the 195 patients died or had a non-fatalinfarction within one year. Clinical risk evaluation correctlyidentified a subgroup of patients with low risk but did nototherwise predict outcome. Fifty-six (29%) patients had ST vectormagnitude episodes on vectorcardiography, 70 (38%) had threeor more episodes of ST change vector magnitude and 74 (38%)had a peak creatinine kinase-MB value of 6 µg. 1^–1or more. The even rate for patients with ST vector magnitudeepisodes (23%) was significantly higher than for those without(10%; P<0·05). For patients with and without threeor more episodes of ST change vector magnitude the event ratewas 23% and 9% respectively (P<0·05) and for patientswith and without creatinine kinase-MB 6 µg. 1^–1the event rate was 23% and 8% respectively (P<0·01).The positive predictive value of having none, either one orboth of the ST or creatinine kinase-MB markers positive wasincremental. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous vectorcardiographic monitoring of ischaemia in combinationwith serial creatinine kinase-MB measurement considerably improvesrisk stratification in unstable coronary disease.     

Thoracic epidural anaesthesia in patients with unstable angina pectoris

The effect of high thoracic epidural anaesthesia with intermittentepidural bolus injections of bupivacaine (2.5 or 5 mg ml^-1)was studied in 28 patients with unstable angina pectoris. Themajority of the patients had a history of previous acute myocardialinfarction(s) and/or angina pectoris and severe coronary arterydisease. All patients were treated wth nitroglycerin infusionfor gt;24 h and were included in the study if they had chestpain, not caused by acute myocardial infarction, at bed restor recurrent anginal pain at rest < 2 days after infarction.4.4 ± 0.3 ml of bupivacaine induced a blockade of theupper seven sympathetic segments ( Th_1-7) for 98 ± 9min.Heart rate decreased significantly from 70 ± 3 to 64± 3 beats min^-1 while blood pressure was unaffected bythoracic epidural anaesthesia. In 27 patients (96%) the anaesthesiainduced complete analgesia. Nitroglycerin infusion was discontinueddefinitely within 3 h in 26 patients (93%) and pain was thereaftercontrolled by means of thoracic epidural anaesthesia as thesole treatment in 23 patients (82%) and as the major treatmentin 25 patients (89%). Twenty-one patients (75%) were fully mobilizedand stabilized. Treatment with thoracic epidural anaesthesialasted for 6.0 ± 1.1 days. The number of daily epiduralinjections decreased significantly with time from 2.7 ±0.3the first day to 0.9 ± 0.3 the fourth day (P>0.01,n = 19). Two patients developed acute myocardial infarctionduring the anaesthesia treatment period, and one of these patientsdied. Exercise stress testing was performed on eight patients threeto five days after the start of thoracic epidural anaesthesia.At a comparable workload, ST-segment depression was significantly(P>0.05) less pronounced during anaesthesia ( – 0.6± 0.1 mm) compared with control ( – 1.3 ±0.2mm). The respective heart rate values were 95 ± 7and 107 ± 7 beats min ^-1 (P > 0.05), while systolicor diastolic blood pressure did not differ between the two conditions. We conclude that blockade of cardiac sympathetic afferents andefferents by means of thoracic epidural anaesthesia can effectivelytreat pain and stabilize patients with unstable angina pectorisrefractory to medical treatment. Furthermore, thoracic epiduralanaesthesia attenuates stress-induced myocardial ischaemia;thus, it may be an efficient supplementary treatment for thecontrol of pain and for stabilizing patients with unstable anginapectoris during diagnostic procedures and prior to coronarysurgery or angioplasty.     

不稳定型心绞痛患者可溶性血栓调节蛋白的测定

目的 测定不稳定型心绞痛患可溶性血栓调节蛋白(Soluble thrombomodulin，sTM)水平并探讨其临床意义。方法 设不稳定型心绞痛患组及正常对照组，用酶联免疫吸附试验测定sTM水平。对冠脉造影结果、各种冠心病危险因子进行统计。结果 不稳定型心绞痛患的sTM水平明显高于对照组。危险因子数目越多sTM水平越高。结论 不稳定型心绞痛患存在内皮细胞的损伤，这种损伤也与各种冠心病危险因子的作用有关。     

低分子肝素治疗不稳定型心绞痛临床观察

目的 :观察低分子肝素 (速避凝 )治疗不稳定型心绞痛 ( UAP)的临床疗效。方法 :将 6 4例 U AP患者随机分为常规治疗组 (对照组 )及常规治疗加速避凝组 (治疗组 ) ,疗程为 1周。结果 :1周后总有效率 :治疗组为93.75 % ,对照组为 6 8.75 % ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;观察 12周治疗组无一例发生急性心肌梗死 ,对照组 3例发生 ( 9.38% ) ;治疗组未发现明显不良反应。结论 :在常规治疗基础上加用速避凝 ,能更有效地控制心绞痛发作 ,减少心肌梗死发生率     

One-year prognosis in patients hospitalized with a history of unstable angina pectoris

The prognosis during 1 year of follow-up in 715 patients admitted to one single hospital due to suspected acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a history of unstable angina pectoris immediately preceding hospitalization is described. AMI developed in 192 patients (27%) during the first three days and in 255 patients (38%) during the first year. The mortality during hospitalization was 7% (50 patients) and during 1 year 19% (130 patients). Of the nonsurvivors, 54% died of AMI, 28% of congestive heart failure, and 20% of cardiogenic shock. Based on simple clinical parameters on admission to the emergency room, risk indicators for death during the following year could be identified as follows, in the order of significance: high age (p < 0.001), ST-segment depression on admission (p < 0.001), and a history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05). At admission to the emergency room, risk indicators for development of AMI during the following year were as follows: initial degree of suspicion of AMI (p < 0.001), electrocardiographic signs of acute ischemia on admission (p < 0.001), ST-segment elevation on admission (p < 0.01), age (p < 0.05), and lack of a previous history of chronic stable angina pectoris (p < 0.05). We conclude that, among patients admitted to hospital due to suspected AMI with a history of unstable angina pectoris immediately preceding hospitalization, 38% developed a confirmed infarction and 19% died during the following year.     

运动负荷对不稳定性心绞痛患者纤溶活性影响的研究

对20例健康受试者和25例不稳定性心绞痛患者进行运动负荷前、后组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活剂抑制剂(PAI-1)活性的测定.结果发现运动前静息时,两组t-PA活性无显著差异,而PAI-1活性不稳定性心绞痛组明显高于对照组;运动后,不稳定性心绞痛组t-PA活性显著低于对照组(0.96±0.45IU/ml对1.89±0.68IU/ml,P<0.01),PAI-1活性下降幅度小于对照组(12.0%对31.9%),使其PAI-1活性仍显著高于对照组(8.20±2.28AU/ml对4.21±0.68AU/ml,P<0.01).提示不稳定性心绞痛患者不论是静息,还是在运动负荷激发后,均存在着纤溶活性的下降.     

低分子肝素治疗不稳定心绞痛疗效观察

目的:探讨低分子肝素(LMWH)治疗不稳定心绞痛(UAP)的临床疗效。方法:选择UAP 716例患者为观察对象。患者被随机分为4组:A组:阿司匹林组,B组:阿司匹林+氯吡格雷组,C组:阿司匹林+LMWH组,D组:阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+LMWH组。观察指标:治疗前、后的心绞痛,血脂、凝血系列状况,心电图(ECG)。结果:阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+LMWH疗效最佳,可显著减少心肌缺血时间(P<0.01),改善血脂、Holter ECG异常(P<0.01)。LMWH能提升高密度脂蛋白水平,降低低密度脂蛋白和胆固醇水平。阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、LMWH对APTT均无影响。阿司匹林、氯吡格雷可使PTINR显著延长,LMWH对PTINR无显著影响。结论:阿司匹林+氯吡格雷+LMWH治疗UAP临床疗效最佳,LMWH对凝血系列无显著影响。     

低分子肝素治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效观察

目的　观察低分子肝素 (LMWH)对不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)的临床疗效。　方法　将同期入院的 92例UAP患者随机分为治疗观察组与常规治疗对照组各 4 6例。观察组在常规治疗的基础上加用LMWH0 4ml(41 0 0IU) ,皮下注射 ,每日 2次 ,连续 7日。观察两组临床疗效及心脏事件发生。　结果　观察组总有效率为 89 1 3%,对照组总有效率为 6 7 39%,两组疗效比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。观察组不仅未发现明显不良反应 ,而且无一例发生急性心肌梗死 (AMI) ,对照组发生 4例。　结论　UAP在常规治疗的基础上加用LMWH治疗效果满意 ,安全可靠 ,且能减少AMI的发生率 ,值得推广应用     

低分子量肝素、肝素钙对不稳定性心绞痛患者凝血系统影响的对比研究

目的：比较不稳定性心绞痛患不同分子量肝素治疗后体内凝血系统的变化。方法：63例不稳定性心绞痛患随机分为皮下注射低分子量肝素组（A组，依诺肝素组）33例和皮下普通肝素组（B组，肝素钙组）30例，疗程为5d，观察临床效果、不良反应及凝血指标。结果：治疗后A、B组缓解心绞痛总有效率分别为97％和80％（P＜0．05），出血发生率显性差异（P＞0．05）。治疗5d后两组血浆抗因子Xa活性（anti-Xa）、抗因子IIa活性（anti-IIa）均明显升高（P＜0．01），anti-Xa活性A组明显高于B组（P＜0．01），而anti-IIa活性B组明显高于A组（P＜0．05）。血浆抗凝血酶Ⅲ（AT－Ⅲ）活性在A组无明显变化（P＞0．05），B组明显下降（P＜0．01）。血浆凝血酶原片段1＋2（F1＋2）水平两组均明显下降（P＜0．01）。血浆激活部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）A、B组均明显延长（P＜0．01），第5天时B组APTT稍长于A组（P＝0．05）。结论：治疗5d后，普通肝素以抗因子IIa为主，低分子量肝素以抗因子Xa为主；普通肝素导致血浆AT－Ⅲ活性明显下降，而低分子肝素则无此不良作用；低分子量肝素抑制凝血酶产生的作用明显优于普通肝素。低分子量肝素组心绞痛的缓解率明显高于肝素钙组，与凝血系统的变化相符合，两组出血倾向差异无显性。     

不同剂量阿斯匹林对不稳定型心绞痛病人的预后影响

目的：观察阿斯匹林对不稳定型心绞痛病人的疗效。方法：对不稳定型心绞痛病人，每日服用阿斯匹林75mg（20例）、150mg（26例）、300mg（30例），随访三个月。采用抗人血活性血小板α颗粒膜蛋白140（GMP－140）特异单克隆抗体125I-SZ－51，测定三组治疗前、后血小板膜表面GMP－140分子数，常规记录血小板数，并与20名健康人比较。结果；阿斯匹林治疗后，血小板膜表面GMP—140分子数明显降低，而血小板数升高。随药物剂量的增加，二者变化程度增大（P＜0.01）。当剂量达300mg时，前者低于健康人组（P＜0．005），后者已达到健康人水平（P＜0．05），三组近期副作用差别无显著性。结论：每日300mg阿斯匹林对不稳定型心绞痛的预后较好。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者冠状动脉局部炎性细胞因子的变化及临床意义

目的　研究不稳定型心绞痛 (USA)时炎性细胞因子在冠状动脉局部的变化及其临床意义。方法　测定 USA、稳定性心绞痛 (SA)及正常对照组患者右心房、外周静脉中的血浆血小板 α-颗粒膜蛋白 14 0 (GMP-14 0 )含量及中性粒细胞 (PMN)活性。结果　 U SA组冠状动脉局部表现为血小板高度活化、PMN活性明显增强 ,与外周血相比 ,GMP- 14 0含量、PMN活性均存在显著差异 (P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1) ;与 SA组及正常对照组比较 ,U SA组冠状动脉局部及外周血炎性细胞因子活性均明显增强。结论　 USA患者的冠状动脉局部存在急性炎症过程 ,炎症反应激活可诱导血管收缩、血栓形成 ,加重心肌损害     

Serum potassium values in relation to the use of diuretics in patients with unstable angina pectoris

Transient hypokalaemia may occur in acutely ill patients andis associated with an increased incidence of life-threateningarrhythmias. Therefore, we performed a retrospective analysisof the serum potassium values of 538 patients with unstableangina included in the Holland Interuniversity Nifedipine/metoprololTrial in relation to the use of diuretics. On admission, 113of these patients used diuretics. Potassium sparing diureticshad been used in 65 Patients (group A) and non-potassium sparingdiuretics in 48 patients (group B). From the 425 patients noton diuretics a random sample of 56 (group C) was drawn. Bloodsamples were taken routinely on admission to the coronary careunit. The serum potassium values found for groups A, B and Cwere 3.77±0.55, 3.44±0.69 and 4.14±0.48,respectively, and the prevalence of hypokalaemia (<3.6 mmol)40, 65 and 14% respectively. Rate ratio [95% confidence interval(C1)] for hypokalaemia when compared to groups C was 2.6 (1.2–5.6)group A and 4.9 (2.4–10.1) for group B. The prevalenceof hypokalaemia was higher for women than for men (rate ratio,95% C1: 1.4, 0.9–2.2). Patients already on beta-blockertherapy showed a 10% lower prevalence of hypokalaemia (rateratio, 95% C1: 0.7, 0.5–1.1). These data were compared with serum potassium values of 104patients with stable angina, who reported to the outpatientclinic. These patients were also divided into three groups accordingto the use of diuretics. Only in 15% of the patients using non-potassiumsparing diuretics was hypokalaemia observed. These findings indicate that patients with unstable angina havelow serum potassium levels and a high prevalence of hypokalaemiaon admission to the coronary care unit. Potassium levels areinfluenced positively by pre-existing beta-blockade and stronglynegatively by diuretics, especially non-potassium sparing diuretics.The effect of beta-blockers suggest a transient catecholaminedependent mechanism.     

肝素抗凝治疗对不稳定型心绞痛患者血浆vwF水平的影响

目的:探讨肝素抗凝治疗对不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者血小板活化功能的影响。方法:UAP患者35例,随机分为低分子肝素(依诺肝素组)18例,普通肝素(肝素钙组)17例,正常对照组10例。观察依诺肝素组、肝素钙组的心绞痛缓解率;应用ELISA双抗体夹心法测定血浆血管性假血友病因子(vwF)水平;观察其4周临床预后。结果:①依诺肝素组心绞痛缓解率明显高于肝素钙组,分别为95%和82%(P<0.05)。②依诺肝素组治疗后血浆vwF水平明显低于肝素钙组分别从(166.67±10.29)%降至(94.11±13.23)%,(162.94±14.03)%降至(109.41±8.99)%,P<0.01)。③4周随访结果分析心绞痛发作及心肌梗死例数肝素钙组多于依诺肝素组,分别为4例及2例(P<0.05)。结论:肝素抗凝治疗可影响UAP患者血小板的活化,抑制vwF释放,且依诺肝素作用明显强于肝素钙,前者临床疗效及预后优于后者。     

阿司匹林单用与联用低分子质量肝素对不稳定型心绞痛治疗作用比较

目的　观察单用阿司匹林和联用低分子质量肝素 (法安明 )治疗不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)的临床疗效。方法　将 86例UAP患者随机分为对照组 (阿司匹林 )及治疗组 (阿司匹林 +法安明 ) ,疗程为 1周。结果　 1周后总有效率 :治疗组为 88 37% ,对照组为 6 7 4 4 % (P <0 0 5 ) ;观察 4周治疗组无 1例发生急性心肌梗死 ,对照组发生 3例 (9 38% ) ;治疗组未发现明显不良反应。结论　在常规治疗基础上加用法安明 ,能更有效地控制心绞痛发作 ,减少心肌梗死发生率。     

辛伐他汀治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床观察

目的:探讨口服辛伐他汀早期治疗不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)对血脂及缺血事件发生的影响。方法:85例UAP 患者被随机分为治疗组(常规治疗外加服辛伐他汀,44例)和对照组(仅常规治疗,41例),于治疗前,治疗后6个月观察血脂水平及缺血事件发生率。结果:①对照组治疗前、后血脂水平无显著性变化(P>0.05),治疗组治疗后血脂水平明显下降(P<0.05);②治疗组的缺血事件明显少于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:辛伐他汀可明显降低不稳定型心绞痛患者血脂水平及缺血事件发生率。     

不稳定心绞痛心肌钙蛋白T测定的意义

目的：探讨心肌钙蛋白T（cTnT)对不稳定心绞痛（UAP）危险分层的临床价值。方法：用酶联免疫法测定80例UAP患入院当天、第2天、第3天血浆cTn水平，据cTn≥0.1ng/ml或＜0．1ng/ml将患分为cTn升高组和正常组，观察住院期间UAP胸痛发作时ST－T变化以及急性心肌梗死（AMI）的发生率。结果：在80例UAP中cTn升高24例（30％）；正常56例（70％）；cTnT升高24例中发生AMI3例（12．5％），其中死亡1例，cTnT正常无1例发生AMI或死亡：cTnT升高组胸痛发作时的心电图ST－T改变发生率100％（24／24）高于正常组的0％（0／56）（P＜0．01）。结论：cTnT测定对判断UAP在短期内发生AMI和心性死亡预测价值，可作为UAP危险度分层指标。     

不稳定心绞痛血凝/纤溶系统变化临床研究

目的 探讨对强化药物治疗反应不同的两组不稳定性心绞痛病人血凝及纤溶指标变化规律，及其在不稳定性心绞痛危险度分层中的意义。方法 不稳定心绞痛病人共163例作为治疗组（UA组），依强化治疗72小时病情是否得到良好控制分为UAA、UAB两个亚组，另20例稳定性心绞痛为对照组SA组，所有病例均进行凝血酶原时间（PT）、分凝血活酶时间（APTT）、纤维蛋白原（FG）、D－二聚体（DD）测定，并于第3天、5天、7天、10天UA再重复测定上述指标。随访90天内被迫采取心脏介入治疗、发生心肌梗死及死亡情况。结果 临床首次检测结果均提示PT、APTT在UAA、UAB与SA间无差异、也无预后意义（P＞0.05)，UAA组FG血液浓度水平于病程经五天达高峰后迅速下降，而DD血液浓度水平于第三天后开始逐步下降；UAB组则FG、DD血液浓度水平至病程第十天则仍然保持它们在第5天及第3天的高峰水平，UAA、UAB两组病人的短期预后亦有明显差异（P＜0.05)。结论 DD、FG血液浓度水平在起病后前十天保持高水平是难治性不稳定性心绞痛的血液学标志，同时也是提示病人近期预后较差的预报因子。