2017—2021年平顶山市湛河区碘缺乏病监测

目的 分析2017—2021年平顶山市湛河区碘缺乏病监测结果,为科学防控碘缺乏病提供依据。方法 选取平顶山市湛河区,按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区,在每个片区随机抽取1个乡镇/街道,每个乡镇/街道抽取1所小学校,每所小学抽取8～10岁非寄宿儿童40人,每个监测乡中各抽取20名孕妇。采集儿童和孕妇尿样及家中食用盐样,检测碘含量,B超法检查儿童甲状腺容积。结果 2017—2021年共监测学生和孕妇家庭食用盐1 505份,碘盐覆盖率为96.21%,合格碘盐食用率为89.77%,碘盐合格率为93.30%,碘盐的均数为(27.54±8.56)mg/kg。检测适龄儿童尿样1 005份,尿碘中位数为149.0μg/L。检测孕妇尿样500份,尿碘中位数为146.8μg/L。儿童甲状腺肿大率为0.25%。结论 平顶山市湛河区重点人群碘营养水平符合监测要求,继续加强重点人群碘营养水平监测,巩固碘缺乏病消除成果。     

2016-2020年江苏省宿迁市孕妇碘营养监测结果分析

目的了解江苏省宿迁市孕妇碘营养状况, 为科学补碘提供依据。方法 2016年5月至2020年7月, 每年在宿迁市各县(区)按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区, 每个片区抽取1个乡镇(街道), 每个乡镇(街道)抽取为本地居民户且在当地居住半年以上的孕妇20名;采集孕妇家中食用盐盐样30 g、随意1次尿样5 ml, 检测盐碘、尿碘含量。结果共检测孕妇家中食用盐盐样2 483份, 盐碘中位数为23.9 mg/kg;其中, 碘盐2 454份, 碘盐覆盖率为98.8%;合格碘盐2 383份, 碘盐合格率为97.1%, 合格碘盐食用率为96.0%。不同年份间碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率比较, 差异均有统计学意义(χ2 = 10.55、13.23、11.37, P均< 0.05)。共检测孕妇尿样2 483份, 尿碘中位数为167.6 μg/L, 处于碘适宜水平;但2020年孕妇尿碘中位数为146.7 μg/L, 低于世界卫生组织/联合国儿童基金会/国际控制碘缺乏病理事会(WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD, 2007年)推荐的标准(150 μg/L)。不同年份、孕期、地区间孕妇尿碘中...     

2011年昆山市居民户食盐中碘含量测定结果分析

目的了解昆山市各乡镇居民户食用盐中碘含量情况,为有关部门的监督管理和实施全民加碘提供科学依据,确保居民食用盐中碘的含量,彻底消除碘缺乏病。方法根据《全国碘盐监测方案》的方法随机抽样,2月份抽取全市8个乡镇和1个开发区的居民户食用盐288份,9月份抽取5个乡镇的居民户食用盐100份,按《中华人民共和国国家标准》GB/T 13025.7—1999进行检测。结果检测了解居民食用盐388份,合格碘盐377份,无碘盐6份,平均碘含量30.7mg/kg,碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率、非碘盐率分别为98.45%、98.69%、97.16%、1.55%。结论居民合格碘盐食用率已达到国家标准,但还要继续坚持以食用盐加碘为主的防治策略,巩固防治成果。     

重庆市南岸区2008年碘盐监测结果分析

[目的]了解2008年居民户碘盐食用情况。[方法]按照《重庆市2008年监测实施方案(试行)》的要求对全区东、西、南、北、中抽取的9个乡镇街道进行碘盐监测。[结果]监测居民家庭食用盐360份,均数为26.50mg/kg,实监测360份,合格327份,不合格20份,非碘盐13份。其碘盐覆盖率、碘盐合格率、合格碘盐食用率、无碘食盐率分别为96.39%、94.24%、90.83%、3.61%。[结论]重庆市南岸区居民合格碘盐食用率已达到国家标准。     

2013～2015年贵阳市居民户碘盐监测结果分析

目的:了解2013~2015年贵阳市10个县区居民户食用碘盐食用情况,评价现行碘缺乏防治措施的效果。方法:每个县区按东、西、南、北、中5个片区各随机抽取1个乡镇,每个乡镇随机抽取4个行政村,每个行政村随机抽取15户居民家中食用盐样。盐碘含量检测按照GB/TI3025.7-2012直接滴定法。结果:2013~2015年,检测碘盐9000份,碘盐合格率98.24%,合格碘盐食用率97.92%。结论:贵阳市居民碘盐合格率及合格碘盐食用率均高于95%。但仍检出不合格碘盐样,需进持续开展碘缺乏病健康教育干预,同时加大市场监督、监管力度,防止不合格碘盐流入市场。     

2021年山西省餐饮服务单位合格碘盐覆盖情况分析

目的了解山西省餐饮服务单位合格碘盐覆盖情况, 为适时采取针对性防治措施和科学调整干预策略提供依据, 持续巩固消除碘缺乏病成果。方法 2021年在山西省按东、西、南、北、中5个方位各抽取1个地级市, 每个市各抽取1个山区县、1个平原县, 每个县按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区, 每个片区各抽取1个乡镇/街道, 每个乡镇/街道各抽取2个企事业单位食堂(简称食堂)、5家中型餐馆和5家小型餐馆, 调查餐饮服务单位基本情况, 并采集其食用盐盐样, 检测盐碘含量。另外, 自山西省地方病防治研究所收集2021年碘缺乏病监测中与调查餐饮服务单位对应的县居民户盐碘检测数据, 并与餐饮服务单位调查结果进行比较。结果共检测盐样660份, 盐碘中位数为27.65 mg/kg, 碘盐覆盖率为99.39%(656/660), 合格碘盐覆盖率为90.76%(599/660)。食堂、中型餐馆、小型餐馆的盐碘中位数分别为26.70、28.00、27.60 mg/kg, 合格碘盐覆盖率分别为95.54%(107/112)、90.42%(236/261)、89.20%(256/287), 不同餐饮服务单位类型合格碘盐覆...     

文登市2006～2009年居民食用碘盐监测分析

食盐加碘是持续消除碘缺乏病的重要策略。我们连续4年对居民食用碘盐进行了监测,共抽取居民食盐样品1152份,碘盐1069份,碘盐覆盖率92.80%;合格碘盐1045份,合格碘盐食用率90.71%。各年份间差异无显著性,P0.05。其中抽取沿海乡镇居民食用盐384份,碘盐342份,碘盐覆盖率为89.06%;合格碘盐329份,合格碘盐食用率为85.68%。内地乡镇居民食用盐768份,碘盐727份,碘盐覆盖率为94.66%;合格碘盐716份,合格碘盐食用率为93.23%。内地乡镇碘盐覆盖率、合格碘盐食用率明显高于沿海乡镇。     

2018—2022年仁寿县重点人群碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 了解四川省眉山市仁寿县重点人群家庭食用盐碘水平和碘营养状况,为完善可持续消除碘缺乏病工作机制提供依据。方法 2018—2022年在仁寿县按东、西、南、北、中划分5个抽样片区,每年随机抽取每个片区1个乡镇或街道,在抽取的每个乡镇或街道中随机抽取1所小学,每所小学抽取8～10岁非寄宿制学生40名,在抽取的5个乡镇或街道中随机抽取20名孕妇,采集儿童和孕妇尿样和家中食用盐样,检测尿碘和盐碘含量。采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析,利用中位数M和四分位数间距(P₂₅,P₇₅)描述偏态计量资料,采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较组间差异,χ²检验比较构成比及率的差异,检验水准α=0.05。结果 2018—2022年采集8～10岁儿童尿样和家中食用盐样各1000份;采集孕妇尿样和家中食用盐样各500份,共计1 500份。采集的盐样碘盐覆盖率为100.00%,碘盐合格率为99.80%,合格碘盐使用率为99.80%。2018—2022各年份儿童尿碘中位数分别为182.10μg/L、171.00μg/L、237.10μ...     

2016—2018年成都市成华区碘缺乏病监测结果分析

目的 了解成华区居民碘营养状况及碘缺乏病防治效果。方法 2016—2018年,选取成都市成华区位于东、西、南、北、中的5个街道,每年每个街道各抽取20名孕妇,每个街道的一所小学各抽取40名学生,采集尿液样品。同时采集家中食用盐样共计900份。对食盐与尿液样品进行检测,对居民户合格碘盐食用率、盐碘中位数等情况进行分析。分析儿童及孕妇尿碘情况、儿童甲状腺肿大情况。结果 2016—2018年,成华区儿童尿碘监测600份,7.2%的儿童碘营养不足,儿童尿碘中位数215.2ug/L,2017年尿碘中位数高于其他两年(P<0.05);监测孕妇尿碘300份,其中38.0%的孕妇碘缺乏,三年间孕妇尿碘中位数较均衡(P>0.05),尿碘中位数174.5ug/L。抽取食用盐碘盐覆盖率97.0%,碘盐合格率96.3%,合格碘盐食用率93.4%。2016—2018年儿童甲状腺肿大率均<0.5%。结论 成华区人群碘营养状况处于较为适宜的状态,仍有部分居民食盐摄入量偏高,需要长期坚持开展碘缺乏病监测,掌握人群碘营养状况。     

南安市2015年居民碘盐监测分析

目的 为了解南安市居民户碘盐普及情况与存在问题,为制定持续消除碘缺乏病措施提供依据.方法 根据《福建省碘缺乏病监测实施细则》要求,按东、西、南、北、中5个抽样片区,每片区随机抽取1个乡(镇、街道),每乡随机抽取4个行政村(居委会),每村抽检15户居民食用盐进行检测.按GB/T 13025.7-2012直接滴定法测定盐中碘含量.结果 共抽检300份居民食用盐(包装精制盐293份,散装粗粒盐5份,散装细盐2份),合格碘盐250份,不合格碘盐43份,非碘盐7份;非碘盐率2.3％,碘盐覆盖率97.7％,居民合格碘盐食用率83.3％.结论 南安市碘缺乏病防控形势尚不能太乐观,持续消除碘缺乏病面临一定挑战,应继续加强防治.     

Preferred salt levels and salt taste acuity in human subjects after ingestion of untasted salt.

We have examined whether salt loading alters the salt preference or salt taste acuity of nine human subjects on continuous low salt diet. Subjects were randomly assigned to either untasted salt tablets (120 mmol/day) or placebo over a 2-week period at the end of which salt preference and salt recognition thresholds were measured. Subjects then received the alternate substance for another 2 weeks and the measurements were repeated. While urinary Na+ and Cl- were significantly increased while on salt tablets, urinary volume, K+, urea and creatinine concentrations, blood pressure, body weight, salivary and plasma electrolyte concentrations were unchanged. Plasma renin and aldosterone levels were reduced while on salt tablets but not significantly. Salt tablets caused a significant increase in sodium recognition threshold but a significant decrease in salt addition to unsalted tomato juice and in ideal salt level assessed by presalted (150 mmol/l) tomato juice. Thus, an increase in untasted dietary salt may reduce salt preference in human subjects, a finding opposite to that with an increased, tasted salt intake over a similar period.     

Estimation of salt intake and recommendation for iodine content in iodized salt in Mongolia

In 1996, the Mongolian Government pledged to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders by 2001 using salt iodization as its primary strategy. Iodine content in salt was set at 50 +/- 10 PPM based on an assumption of 5 g of daily salt intake. In 1998, the authors suspected that salt intake was more than 5 g and that pregnant women consumed more salt than non-pregnant women. Over 1,600 adults of both sexes were studied in five provinces. In this study we estimated salt intake based on urinary excretion of sodium and creatinine. A formula was used to calculate salt intake from excreted volumes of sodium and creatinine. Average values for pregnant women, non-pregnant women, and men, were found to be 15.6 g (n = 499), 12.6 g (n = 598), and 14.6 g (n = 571), respectively. We concluded that appropriate iodine content in salt should range from 20 to 40 PPM. It is recommended that health education regarding proper levels of salt intake be carried out with the general public, with emphasis on pregnant women.     

Iodized salt in Cameroon

The WHO program to combat iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) adopted in 1992 required countries producing cooking and table salt to add 50-100 ppm of iodine to salt. This program was adopted in Cameroon, but problems remain in ensuring adequate conditioning of the iodized salt at the factories to maintain the iodine levels so that consumers take in the required quantity. This study collected and analyzed five groups of salt samples from three provinces of Cameroon. Each group included a specimen from its factory, wholesalers, retailers, and households. Iodine content was measured by the volumetric method. The results showed that iodine levels in salt decreased substantially between the factory and the consumer; percentages of iodine loss in these samples varied from 44.8% to 82.3%. Iodine levels were highest in fine-grained salt. Iodine concentration also decreases after storage, perhaps as a function of the type and duration of the storage, temperature, packaging material and presence of impurities in salt. This study shows that even salt with an initial high iodine concentration may reach consumers with insufficient levels for daily needs.     

Improved salt iodation methods for small-scale salt producers in low-resource settings in Tanzania

Background  

Universal salt iodation will prevent iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Globally, salt-iodation technologies mostly target large and medium-scale salt-producers. Since most producers in low-income countries are small-scale, we examined and improved the performance of hand and knapsack-sprayers used locally in Tanzania.