罗布麻叶浸膏对脑内单胺类递质含量及细胞膜流动性的影响

罗布麻叶浸膏可使脑内５－ＨＴ及ＤＡ含量升高,其水溶性成分可使５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ及ＤＡ 含量升高,而ＮＥ含量降低,醇溶性成分上述作用更为明显。提示罗布麻叶浸膏可能含有兴奋中枢 ５－ＨＴ神经元功能及抑制中枢肾上腺素神经元功能的化学物质,这些化学物质为水溶性及酸溶性。 脑神经细胞膜脂质流动性测定结果提示罗布麻叶浸膏水溶性部分可使膜流动性增加。     

桂枝汤有效部位A对体温双向调节作用及其机理研究————对下丘脑NE、DA、5-HT含量的影响

在酵母诱导的发热大鼠中，桂枝汤有效部位Ａ（Ｆｒ．Ａ）能降低下丘脑５－ＨＴ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ含量；在安痛定诱导的低体温大鼠中，能升高５－ＨＴ含量。结果提示，Ｆｒ．Ａ为桂枝汤体温双向调节作用的一种物质基础，影响中枢神经递质５－ＨＴ的水平是其机理之一；其解热作用与影响中枢神经递质ＮＥ和ＤＡ的含量有关     

强身丹对21月龄大鼠记忆力及脑内单胺类神经递质的影响

本实验用２１月龄大鼠作为衰老模型，给服中药强身丹３０天后，检测大鼠记忆力，测定脑内单胺类神经递质的含量，并计算递质比值，结果显示，强身丹能使２１月龄大鼠记忆力明显提高，并使脑组织ＤＡ，ＮＥ，５－ＨＩＡＡ含量升高，５－ＨＴ含量降低，以至５－ＨＴ／ＮＥ，５－ＨＴ／ＤＡ，５－ＨＴ／Ｔ－ＨＩＡＡ比值降低，给药组与模型组相比存在显著性差异，而与６月龄组比较无显著性差异，表明强身丹具有明显的防老抗衰，健脑益智     

桂枝汤有效部位A对体温双向调节作用及其机理研究————对下丘脑NE、DA、5-HT含量的影响

在酵母诱导的发热大鼠中，桂枝汤有效部位Ａ能降低下丘脑５－ＨＴ、ＮＥ、ＤＡ含一；在安痛定诱导的低体温大鼠中，能升高５－ＨＴ含量，结果提示，Ｆｒ，Ａ为桂枝汤体温双向作用的一种物质基础，影响中枢神经递质５ＨＴ的水平是其机理之一；其解热作用与影响中枢神经递质ＮＥ和ＤＡ的含量有关。     

脑血疏通对小鼠脑功能及脑内单胺类神经递质含量的影响

脑血疏通大、中剂量组能明显改善Ｍ型受体阻滞剂东莨菪碱所致的小鼠记忆获得障碍，采用高效液相色谱和电化学检测法测定脑内单胺类递质含量。结果显示：脑血疏通不仅能明显提高小鼠脑内ＮＥ、ＤＡ、５－ＨＴ的含量（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），同时也使小鼠脑内ＤＡ和５－ＨＴ的代谢产物ＤＯＰＡＣ及５－ＨＩＡＡ含量也明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

衰老大鼠的神经递质代谢特点及温肾阳中药对代谢的影响

本文发现伴随增龄，大鼠脑内ＤＡ、ＮＥ含量递减，５－ＨＴ和５－ＴＩＡＡ含量递增，血清中ＮＥ含量递增，而ＤＡ、５－ＨＴ和５－ＨＩＡＡ刚变化不明显；同时脑内ＡＣｈ含量下降，ＣｈＡＴ活性亦降低；ＣｈＥ活性有降低的趋势；ＭＡＯ活性升高；α、ＤＡ和β受体及胆碱能Ｍ受体数量有降低趋势，而受体亲和力变化不大。温肾阳中药可有效改善老年大鼠神经递质的代谢，表现为延缓衰老大鼠脑内胺类递质递质和胆碱能递质含量下降，提高受     

桂枝汤对体温双向调节作用机理探讨──对下丘脑5－羟色胺的影响

脑室注射５－ＨＴ，一小时内能诱致大鼠发热。测定发热大鼠和体温低下大鼠下丘脑组织的５－ＨＴ及其代谢产物５一羟吲哚醋酸（５－ＨＩＡＡ）的含量，发现在发热动物中５－ＨＴ含量升高，５－ＨＩＡＡ含量下降；在低体温大鼠，５－ＨＴ和５－ＨＩＡＡ含量均较正常降低。桂枝汤口饲给药，既能抑制５－ＨＴ脑室注射引起的发热反应；在解热和提高低体温动物肛温的同时，能使发热大鼠下丘脑中５－ＨＴ含量显著降低，５－ＨＩＡＡ含量升高；使低体温大鼠下丘脑的５－ＨＴ含量上升、５－ＨＩＡＡ含量下降。实验结果提示，桂枝汤对体温的双向调节，部分通过影响体温中枢神经递质５－ＨＴ实现的。     

针剌对冠心病患者血浆单胺类物质调整作用的临床研究

观察４０例冠心病患者针剌治疗前后血浆５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ和ＤＡ的含量变化。结果表明冠心病患者５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＬＡＡ、ＮＥ显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１－０．０１），针剌组针剌治疗５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０１－０．０５），ＤＮ针剌治疗前后无显著性差异。提示针剌治疗具有对冠心病患者单胺类体液因素的调整作用，并能改善冠状动脉痉挛和闭塞。针剌可能具有保持动态平衡的机体自我     

针刺对冠心病患者血浆单胺类物质调整作用的临床研究

观察４０例冠心病患者针刺治疗前后血浆５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ和ＤＡ的含量变化，结果表明冠心病患者５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ显著高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．００１～０．０１），针刺组针刺治疗后５－ＨＴ、５－ＨＩＡＡ、ＮＥ显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１～０．０５），ＤＡ针刺治疗前后无显著性差异。提示针刺治疗具有对冠心病患者单胺类体液因素的调整作用，并能改善冠状动脉痉挛和闭塞。针刺可能具有保持动态平衡的机体自我稳定性的作用。     

益母延寿方对神经内分泌作用机理的实验研究

益母延寿方通过降低中枢５－ＨＴ含量，调整了５－ＨＴ／ＤＡ的比值，使下丘脑机能紊乱得以改善，间接和直接促进了腺垂体ＬＨ的分泌，从而延缓了神经内分泌系统的机能衰退。     

罗布麻叶浸膏对脑内单胺类递质含量及细胞膜流动性的影响

罗布麻叶浸膏可使脑内5-HT及DA含量升高,其水溶性成分可使5-HT、5-HIAA及DA 含量升高,而NE含量降低,醇溶性成分上述作用更为明显。提示罗布麻叶浸膏可能含有兴奋中枢 5-HT神经元功能及抑制中枢肾上腺素神经元功能的化学物质,这些化学物质为水溶性及酸溶性。 脑神经细胞膜脂质流动性测定结果提示罗布麻叶浸膏水溶性部分可使膜流动性增加。     

Pharmacological study on antidepressant activity of 50% ethanol extract of a formulated ayurvedic product in rats

The effects of 50% ethanol extract of one formulated ayurvedic product, consisting of a mixture of medicinal plant species, was investigated on behavioral despair test (forced swimming test, FST), central dopaminergic and serotonergic activity in rats. The effects on the forced swimming test were assessed along with the levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindoleaceticacid (5-HIAA) in striatum, frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and brain stem after 21 days of chronic oral administration of the extract (500 and 1500 mg/kg-body weight). The extract significantly increased climbing behavior at 500 mg/kg and increased swimming behavior by reducing immobility time at 1500 mg/kg when compared with the control group in forced swimming test (P<0.05). This showed that the active substances present in 50% ethanol extract of the ayurvedic preparation possess antidepressant activity and their specificity towards particular behavior, depends on the concentration of the extract. Further it showed that the enhancement of active behavior in FST is not due to generalized motor activity. The neurochemical estimations revealed the swim stressor inducing alterations in the levels of DA, 5-HT and their metabolites HVA and 5-HIAA in the brain regions assayed as compared with the non-stressed control rats. These changes were prevented extract treated rats. The 500 mg/kg extract treated group had significantly increased the levels of DA in frontal cortex, hypothalamus and hippocampus whereas the 5-HT in hypothalamus (P<0.05). However, there were no significant changes in the levels of HVA and 5-HIAA. These behavioral and biochemical results indicate antidepressant properties of the extract, which may be mediated by the dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms in rat brain.     

Effect of Bacopa monniera on stress induced changes in plasma corticosterone and brain monoamines in rats

Bacopa monniera (BM) is well known for its neuropharmacological effects. Our previous studies indicated the adaptogenic effect of standardized extract of BM in various stress models. In the present study, effect of BM was evaluated on acute stress (AS) and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) induced changes in plasma corticosterone and monoamines-noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in cortex and hippocampus regions of brain in rats. Panax root powder (Panax quinquefolium) was taken as standard. Subjecting animals to AS (immobilization for 150 min once only) and CUS (different stressors for 7 days) resulted in significant elevation in plasma corticosterone levels, which was significantly countered by treatment with BM at a dose of 40 and 80 mg/kg p.o. similar to the effects of Panax quinquefolium (PQ) at 100 mg/kg p.o. AS exposure significantly increased the levels of 5-HT and decreased NA content in both the brain regions while DA content was significantly increased in cortex and decreased in hippocampus regions. In CUS regimen, levels of NA, DA and 5-HT were significantly depleted in cortex and hippocampus regions of brain. Treatment with BM (40 and 80 mg/kg) attenuated the stress induced changes in levels of 5-HT and DA in cortex and hippocampus regions but was ineffective in normalizing the NA levels in AS model, whereas PQ treatment significantly reverted back the effects of stress. In CUS model, pretreatment with BM and PQ significantly elevated the levels of NA, DA and 5-HT levels in cortex and levels of NA and 5-HT in hippocampus regions. Hence, our study indicates that the adaptogenic activity of BM might be due to the normalization of stress induced alteration in plasma corticosterone and levels of monoamines like NA, 5-HT and DA in cortex and hippocampus regions of the brain, which are more vulnerable to stressful conditions analogous to the effects of PQ.     

Anxiolytic effect of ting-chih-wan in mouse behavior models of anxiety

The anxiolytic effect of the alcoholic extract of ting-chih-wan (TCWa) was studied using the black and white test (BWT) and the elevated plus-maze (EPM). We further demonstrated the anxiolytic mechanism of TCWa by combining with diazepam (DIZ), serotonin (5-HT) agonists or antagonists, and measuring the levels of monoamines and its metabolites in the brain stem and cortex. In the BWT, TCWa (0.1-1.0 g/kg, p.o.) increased the time spent in the white chamber and total change between the two chambers, and decreased the time spent in the black chamber. TCWa (0.1-0.5 g/kg, p.o.) increased the arm entries and the time spent on the open arms, and decreased the arm entries and the time spent on the closed arms in the EPM. On the other hand, TCWa (1.0 g/kg, p.o.) decreased horizontal activity and prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleeping times. TCWa (0.1, 0.5 g/kg) decreased the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-HT and 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and increased the levels of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in the brain stem. TCWa (0.1 and 0.5 g/kg) decreased the levels of NE, DA and increased the levels of VMA and HVA in the cortex. TCWa also attenuated the anxiogenic effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) and enhanced the anxiolytic effect of 9p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), buspirone (BUS) and ritanserin (RIT) in the EPM. From these results, TCWa at 0.1 and 0.5 g/kg possessed an anxiolytic effect T heanxiolytic mechanisms of TCWa might be due to decreased catecholaminergic activity caused by the increase in the turnover rate of catecholamines in the brain and decreased concentrations of 5-HT in the brain stemvia activating somatodendritic 5-HT1A autoreceptors and inhibiting postsynaptic 5-HT receptors.     

摩腹手法对睡眠剥夺大鼠脑内神经递质及Orexin-A的影响

[目的]观察和探讨摩腹手法对睡眠剥夺大鼠脑内神经递质及Orexin-A水平的影响。[方法]将Wistar大鼠30只随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和摩腹手法组各10只,采用改良多平台水环境法对后两组大鼠进行睡眠剥夺造模,造模后正常对照组和模型对照组大鼠不作干预,摩腹手法组大鼠给予每日1次的摩腹治疗,持续14 d后,检测比较各组大鼠脑内5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和食欲素A(Orexin-A)的水平。[结果]与正常对照组相比,模型对照组大鼠脑内5-HT、DA、NE、GABA和Orexin-A的水平均发生显著变化(P0.05)。与模型对照组相比,摩腹手法组大鼠脑内5-HT水平显著回升,DA、NE和Orexin-A水平均明显回落(P0.05),而GABA水平无统计学差异(P0.05)。[结论]摩腹手法可通过调节大鼠脑内5-HT、DA、NE和Orexin-A的水平,起到调节动物睡眠和觉醒状态的作用。     

补阳还五汤及其有效成分体外给药对脑细胞膜流动性的影响

 目的 比较研究补阳还五汤及其有效成分黄芪甲苷、阿魏酸、川芎嗪、芦丁、绿原酸、紫檀烷苷、毛蕊异黄酮、芒柄花素、毛蕊异黄酮苷、芍药苷、丹皮酚、槲皮素体外给药对缺血 再灌损伤大鼠脑细胞膜流动性的影响。方法 大鼠颈总动脉结扎30 min 再灌2 h作为脑中风动物实验模型。用自旋标记ESR法测脑细胞膜流动性。结果 病理切片证实脑组织发生脑中风的典型病变。损伤大鼠脑细胞膜流动性较正常大鼠减低;补阳还五汤及其有效成分对正常细胞无影响但可使损伤大鼠脑细胞膜流动性增大,不同程度地恢复到接近于正常细胞膜流动性水平。结论 细胞膜流动性是一个敏感而重要的生物学指标,反映细胞的活性状态。可用这一新的技术方法来研究补阳还五汤及其组方的配伍机理,为中药方剂的改进提供理论依据。     

桂附地黄丸对大鼠肺纤维化形成阶段肺与脑组织中去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、5-羟色胺的影响

目的:观察桂附地黄丸对大鼠肺纤维化形成阶段肺与脑组织去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)的影响。方法:普通级雌性wistar大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、桂附地黄丸组,除正常组外,其余各组均采用气管内一次性注入平阳霉素复制肺纤维化模型,造模后第14天开始灌胃用药,第28天处死动物比较各组肺与脑组织DA、NE、5-HT含量。结果:模型组肺与下丘脑NE、DA、5-HT及海马5-HT含量均高于正常组,桂附地黄丸组肺NE、DA、5-HT与下丘脑NE、DA含量低于模型组,海马NE、5-HT含量低于模型组而DA含量高于模型组,上述差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:肺纤维化形成阶段肺与下丘脑DA、NE、5-HT及海马5-HT含量均升高,桂附地黄丸可能阻止模型肺组织NE、DA、5-HT与下丘脑NE、DA及海马5-HT含量的升高,并能提高海马DA含量,降低NE含量。     

半夏厚朴汤抗抑郁活性部位的筛选

目的:筛选半夏厚朴汤的抗抑郁活性部位。方法:选用小鼠行为绝望模型评价抗抑郁作用;用荧光分光光度法测定单胺类神经递质。结果:半夏厚朴汤提取物(AE)和其4个部位均不同程度地降低绝望模型中小鼠游泳和悬尾的不动时间,具有一定的时效关系。其中以半夏厚朴汤提取物(AE)、石油醚提取物(AE-1)和水溶性部分(AE-4)最为显著,相互间无显著性差异。半夏厚朴汤提取物(AE)可显著地提高纹状体中5-HT含量和皮层中NE含量,而对其他脑区中神经递质无显著性影响。石油醚提取物(AE-1)可显著地提高纹状体中5-HT含量和皮层中NE和DA含量,氯仿提取物(AE-2)能极显著地提高皮层中DA含量。结论:半夏厚朴汤具有抗抑郁作用,其活性成分主要分布在石油醚和水溶性部位。半夏厚朴汤可能是部分地通过对单胺类神经递质系统的整合而达到抗抑郁目的。     

脑痛立停胶囊对偏头痛模型小鼠脑及血浆神经递质含量的影响

目的:探讨脑痛立停胶囊治疗偏头痛的作用机理。方法:建立利血平化低5-羟色胺(5-HT)小鼠偏头痛模型,给与脑痛立停胶囊灌胃治疗7天,以复方羊角胶囊为对照药物。电化学法测定小鼠血浆和脑组织5-HT等单胺递质的含量。结果:利血平化低5-HT偏头痛模型小鼠血浆及脑组织5-HT、多巴胺(DA)的含量明显降低,脑组织去甲肾上腺素(NE)和高香草酸(HVA)含量也明显降低。脑痛立停胶囊可提高模型小鼠血浆和脑组织5-HT、DA和脑组织NE的含量,作用强度与复方羊角胶囊相似。结论:脑痛立停胶囊可以提高偏头痛模型小鼠血浆及脑组织5-HT、DA和脑组织NE的含量,以调整脑部血管舒缩功能,改善脑部血液循环,调节中枢神经痛调制机能。通过以上机制发挥治疗偏头痛的作用。