耳内镜下软骨膜-软骨岛在鼓膜修补术中应用的效果分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下软骨膜-软骨岛在鼓膜修补术中应用的疗效。方法　回顾性分析2017年1月～2018年7月86例行鼓膜修补术的慢性中耳炎静止期患者,按随机数字表法随机分为观察组和对照组。观察组43例,使用软骨膜-软骨岛移植物行鼓膜修补术;对照组43例,使用全厚软骨-软骨膜移植物行鼓膜修补术。对比两组术前穿孔部位、穿孔大小、手术后鼓膜愈合率、术后6个月平均气导听阈及气骨导差。结果　对照组鼓膜愈合35例（81.4%）,再穿孔8例（18.6%）;观察组鼓膜愈合41例（95.3%）,再穿孔2例（4.7%）,两组鼓膜愈合率比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.237,P＜0.05）。术后6个月纯音听阈检查,对照组平均气导听阈（33.54±4.81）dB HL,骨气导差（14.05±5.72）dB HL;观察组平均气导听阈（28.84±2.53）dB HL,骨气导差（9.40±2.77）dB HL,两组听力均较术前提高,两组间比较平均气导听阈和气骨导差的差异均有统计学意义（t =5.347、4.516,P 均＜0.05）。结论　耳内镜下软骨膜-软骨岛行鼓膜修补术鼓膜愈合率高,术后听力改善更显著,是一种有效的鼓膜修补方法。     

耳后径路内植法在耳道入路困难者鼓膜修补中的应用

目的探讨耳后径路内植法在耳道入路困难者修补鼓膜边缘性大穿孔的方法和效果。方法本组病例为2013.7至2017.6完成手术且随访资料完整的47例,其中19例男性,女28例,平均年龄40.3岁(范围17～72岁),病程范围6月～15年。病例选择限于外耳道暴露困难、鼓膜边缘性穿孔者,直径不小于5mm,部分鼓环缺失。结果 47例患者随访至少6月以上。41例患者鼓膜穿孔一期愈合,2例出现鼓膜移植物完全脱落情况,穿孔未愈合,其中1例颞肌筋膜压于外耳道前壁皮瓣内侧者继发中耳感染和鼓室腔胆脂瘤;鼓膜再次穿孔4例,其中2例取耳屏软骨-软骨膜复合体再次修补穿孔,2例未作特殊处理。本组病例术后6个月纯音测听气骨导间距≤20 d B HL者占72.34%(34/47),21～30 dB者占14.89%(7/47),≥31 dB者占12.77%(6/47)。语频平均气导听阈15～55 dB HL(平均24.54±7.23dB HL),骨导听阈10～35 dB HL(平均15.73±8.24 dB HL)。术前、术后语频平均气导听阈比较,P<0.05表明两者比较差异有统计学意义。结论耳后径路配合内植法技术有利于修补耳道入路困难者的鼓膜边缘性穿孔,具有手术视野清晰,便于观察鼓膜全貌、保留完整皮瓣血供、操作相对简单创伤小等优点,可以结合耳内镜技术减少术后鼓膜的再穿孔,利于听力恢复。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法鼓膜修补的临床疗效分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法鼓膜修补术的临床疗效。方法　采用回顾性研究方法分析耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法修补鼓膜的80例患者,对患者术后鼓膜穿孔愈合率、鼓膜愈合形态、听力改善情况、并发症等随访至少1年。结果　80例鼓膜愈合79例,愈合率为98.8%;所有鼓膜愈合形态良好;患者术前与术后1年气导平均听阈分别为（39.1±8.5）dB HL、（20.5±9.1）dB HL,差异有统计学意义（t =10.31,P <0.01）;术前与术后1年平均气骨导差分别为（21.1±5.5）dB、（9.5±7.1）dB,差异有统计学意义 （t =7.84,P <0.01）,听力改善明显。所有病例术后均未出现严重并发症。结论　耳内镜下耳屏软骨膜夹层法修补穿孔鼓膜,术后鼓膜愈合形态佳,听力恢复良好,是一种有效的手术方法,可供临床选择和推广。     

耳内镜下经耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术疗效分析

目的　探讨耳内镜下经耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术的可行性及疗效。方法　回顾性分析2016年12月～2018年12月我科58例中耳胆脂瘤患者采用耳内镜下经外耳道 入路鼓室探查术+鼓室成形术+/- 改良乳突根治术,观察术后3个月鼓膜愈合率,比较术前及术后3个月平均气导听阈及气骨导差。结果　58例患者术后3 个月鼓 膜愈合56例（占96.55%）,因感染继发性穿孔2例（占3.45%）,均在门诊耳内镜下处理后完全愈合。58例患者术前平均气导听阈（49.02±20.06）dB HL,术后3个月平均气导听阈（35.58±15.68）dB HL,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t =5.65,P＜0.05）。58例患者术前平均气骨导差（34.40±28.10）dB HL,术后3个月平均气骨导差（18.32±10.63）dB HL,两者比较差异有统计学意义（t =13.10,P＜0.05）。术后无1例严重感音神经性聋,无面瘫及眩晕并发症。结论　耳内镜下经外耳道入路中耳胆脂瘤手术具有可行性高、手术时间较短、术中出血量少、术后干耳时间短、术后鼓膜愈合率高、听力改善效果良好、并发症少等优点。     

耳内镜下经外耳道后壁翻瓣夹层法鼓膜成形术的临床疗效

目的　探讨耳内镜下经外耳道后壁翻瓣夹层法修补鼓膜穿孔的效果。方法　通过回顾性分析耳内镜下经外耳道后壁翻瓣,运用耳屏软骨-软骨膜夹层法修补鼓膜穿孔病例68例（68耳）,术后对穿孔鼓膜的愈合率、患耳听力恢复情况进行随访分析至少1年。结果  全部病例（68例68耳）鼓膜穿孔愈合,愈合率100%,移植物无发生内陷、外移或钝角愈合情况。术后1年气导听阈（24.82±6.63）dB HL,与术前（42.79±11.07）dB HL相比,差异有统计学意义（t =22.92,P <0.01）;术后骨气导差（10.08±4.83）dB HL,与术前（22.57±6.69）dB HL相比,差异亦有统计学意义（t =26.81,P <0.01）,听力改善明显。结论　采用耳内镜下经外耳道后壁翻瓣,运用耳屏软骨-软骨膜夹层法进行鼓膜穿孔修补,鼓膜愈合成功率较高,术后听力恢复良好,有较高的临床推广价值。     

耳甲腔成形术在软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术中的意义

目的 观察对胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行乳突病变切除术、软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术同时行耳甲腔成形术的疗效.方法 胆脂瘤中耳炎患者77例,其中41例(41耳) (治疗组)采用耳后切口施行乳突根治术、软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术及耳甲腔成形术;对照组36例(36耳)采用耳后切口施行乳突根治术、软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术.分别于术后1个月、3个月、1年及 3 年追踪观察两组患者干耳情况并行纯音听阈检查,对结果行统计学分析.结果 治疗组术前气导平均听阈为45.66±8.40 dB HL,骨气导差为26.05±8.15 dB,术后3年气导平均听阈为23.55±7.10 dB HL,骨气导差为10.79±5.52 dB.平均干耳时间24.25± 5.37天,治愈率100%.未发生外耳道狭窄.对照组术前气导平均听阈为43.78±9.25 dB HL,骨气导差为25.65±8.55 dB,术后3年气导平均听阈为29.33±8.32 dB HL,骨气导差为17.10±6.62 dB,12例发生外耳道狭窄,其中有8例胆脂瘤复发,干耳时间32.35±15.60天.结论 乳突根治术+软骨环-软骨膜鼓室成形术同时行耳甲腔成形术能使术腔迅速上皮化、易干耳,术后听力提高,效果满意.     

Over-under法与内置法Ⅰb型鼓室成形术疗效比较

目的 比较Over-under法和内置法Ⅰb型鼓室成形术治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2012年3月至2014年3月间行Ⅰb型鼓室成形术的28例(28耳)单侧慢性化脓性中耳炎患者的临床资料,其中以Over-under法修补鼓膜且鼓室内放置明胶海绵15例(耳)(Over-under法组),以内置法修补鼓膜且鼓室内不放置明胶海绵13例(耳)(内置法组).术后1月复查耳内镜及纯音听阈,比较两组患者手术前后各频率及语频气导平均听阈的变化及鼓膜愈合情况.结果 两组患者术后移植鼓膜均愈合,鼓膜修补成功率均为100%;术后各频率气导听力均有不同程度的提高,Over-under法组手术前后0.25、0.5、1、2、4及8 kHz平均气导听阈差分别为14.33± 3.48、12.33±2.48、9.00±2.19、8.67±3.33、5.33±2.46、-1.00±3.56 dB;内置法组分别为21.92±3.78、19.23±3.09、12.69±2.24、7.69±1.34、6.92±2.97、7.69±3.70 dB,两组术后听阈均较术前降低;手术前后语频气导平均听阈差值Over-under法为10.00±1.91 dB,内置法组为13.21±1.78 dB,两组间听力改善程度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 针对可行Ⅰb型鼓室成形术的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者,无论选择Over-under法还是内置法,鼓膜修补成功率相似,术后听力改善程度无明显差异.     

外耳道胆脂瘤致鼓膜穿孔的预后观察

目的 探讨外耳道胆脂瘤致鼓膜穿孔病例的治疗及预后。方法 回顾分析34例外耳道胆脂瘤致鼓膜穿孔病例的临床资料并随访。根据是否一期修补穿孔的鼓膜,分为修补组12例,未修补组22例,除彻底切除病灶外,根据病变累及外耳道、乳突的不同程度,相应的加行外耳道成形或耳道壁重建术、乳突气房部分或全部切除;术前修补组平均气导和气骨导差分别为(53.0±12.1)dB HL和(32.7±12.3)dB HL,未修补组分别为(52.6±16.9)dB HL和(34.1±12.2)dB HL。结果 术后随访发现胆脂瘤复发3例,外耳道软组织狭窄1例,鼓膜未愈合3例。两组病例穿孔鼓膜的最终愈合无明显差异(P>0.05)。术后修补组平均气导和气骨导差分别为(30.6±7.0)dB HL和(9.7±4.2)dB HL,未修补组分别为(33.5±16.1)dB HL和(14.7±8.2)dB HL,两组患者手术前后平均气导及气骨导差均有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论 外耳道胆脂瘤累及鼓膜所致的中小程度穿孔许多可以自愈,对乳突、鼓室内病变及破坏的外耳道,术者应根据术中所见采用灵活的手术方式来处理。     

耳内镜下异体真皮基质内植修补外伤性鼓膜穿孔

目的 探讨耳内镜下异体真皮基质修补外伤性鼓膜穿孔的疗效.方法 回顾性分析51例(51耳)在耳内镜下应用异体真皮基质内植修补外伤性鼓膜穿孔患者的临床资料,观察鼓膜穿孔愈合率,并比较手术前后言语频率气导平均听阈.结果 51例患者中术后3个月时鼓膜穿孔愈合48例(94.12%,48/51),穿孔未愈合3例;术前言语频率纯音气导平均听阈29.00±7.43 dB HL,术后3月时为12.89±7.49 dB HL,较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(t=27.81,P<0.001).结论 耳内镜下异体真皮基质修补外伤性鼓膜穿孔愈合率高,听力提高明显.     

单侧听力耳鼓室成形术的临床探讨

目的分析单侧听耳患者的鼓室成形术,了解手术方法和手术疗效。方法对9耳慢性化脓性中耳炎胆脂瘤型进行了乳突根治术加鼓室成形术,对37耳慢性化脓性中耳炎单纯型和中耳炎后遗症进行鼓室成形术,并比较术后效果。手术后3个月~1年之间进行术后听力评价。结果46耳单侧听力耳术前言语频率气导平均听阈为60.2±23.1dB HL,骨导听阈35.7±17.0dB HL;手术后的平均气导听阈为51.3±22.6dB HL,骨导听阈为36.3±10.6dB HL。鼓室成形术后疗效评定:37耳外耳道宽敞,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色泽;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善23例(62.16%,23/37),听力不变13例(35.14%,13/37),听力恶化(下降10dB以上)1例(2.70%,1/37)。乳突根治术加鼓室成形术后疗效评定:9耳术腔干洁,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善5例(56.56%,5/9),听力不变4例(44.44%,4/9)。结论各型慢性化脓性中耳炎都可作为单侧听力耳的手术适应症。手术时只要注意手术技巧,认真仔细,一般不会造成手术后骨导听力的下降。术后干耳和保持原有听力是手术的最终目的。     

耳内镜分离前壁皮瓣修复鼓膜前下象限边缘性穿孔的疗效分析

目的探讨耳内镜下分离前下皮瓣修补鼓膜前下象限边缘性穿孔的临床疗效和应用价值。方法对资料完整的13例鼓膜前下象限边缘性穿孔患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。对比患者手术前后纯音听阈和耳内镜结果，计算气骨导差及气骨导差改善值。结果术后3个月复查，耳内镜下所有患者鼓膜完整。平均气导为（16.0±15.64）dB，骨导为（12.16±11.92）dB，气骨导差为（3.83±3.73）dB，术后3个月的气骨导差明显小于术前(P<0.05)。结论耳内镜下分离前下皮瓣修补鼓膜前下象限穿孔，具有简单，微创，愈合率高的特点，值得临床推广。     

全耳内镜下中耳乳突部胆脂瘤手术的短期效果观察

目的探讨经外耳道全耳内镜下处理中耳乳突部胆脂瘤的可行性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2019年9月至2020年5月收治的32例累及乳突的胆脂瘤患者经外耳道全耳内镜下的手术临床资料。结果32例患者气导平均听阈术前为56.52±4.89dB HL,术后6月为38.49±3.82)dBHL,差异有统计学意义(t=22.59,P=0.00);平均气骨导距术前为31.45±4.52dBHL,术后6月为17.36±5.14 dBHL,差异有统计学意义(t=15.35,P=0.00)。所有患者鼓膜愈合良好,人工听骨无外露脱出,无面瘫、无眩晕,无听力进一步下降。结论经外耳道入路全耳内镜下乳突部手术术后患者听力较前提高,是安全有效的手术方式。     

耳内镜下耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔45例报告

目的探讨在耳内镜下应用耳屏软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的临床效果,并介绍临床手术要点及技巧。方法对45例耳鼓膜紧张部大穿孔病例,采用自体耳屏软骨-软骨膜,在耳内镜下行I型鼓室成型术,采用内植法一期完成手术。结果 45例患者随访6~18个月,术后无耳鸣加重、无眩晕、气骨导听力下降等。术后3个月复查穿孔愈合率95.6%,术后一年以上复查未见再穿孔、鼓膜内陷、粘连及前部钝角愈合情况,患者诉无听力下降等。术后3~6个月复查纯音测听,患者言语频率气导听力均提高>10dB。其中气骨导差缩小>10dB21例,21dB~30dB19例,>30dB5例。27例行声阻抗检查均为"A"型。患者术耳耳屏外观良好,无明显瘢痕及形态改变。结论耳内镜技术下鼓膜修补术,操作简单、图像清晰、视野广、损伤小、手术时间短,且耳屏软骨-软骨膜取材方便,抗感染能力强,听力恢复效果稳定,是一种较好的鼓膜修补材料,值得临床推广。     

Endoscopic "Push-Trough" Technique Cartilage Myringoplasty in Anterior Tympanic Membrane Perforations

Objectives

To evaluate endoscopic push-through technique cartilage myringoplasty results.

Methods

This prospective study was performed on patients with anterior tympanic membrane perforations and endoscopic push-through technique cartilage myringoplasty was performed between 2011 and 2013. The patients who did not have any cholesteatoma or otorrhea in the previous 3 months, and had an air bone gap ≤25 dB in their preoperative audiograms were included in the study. They were followed up with endoscopic examination and audiograms at 2nd, 6th, 12th, and 24th postoperative months. Pure tone averages were calculated at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz frequencies.

Results

Of 32 patients, 19 were females and 13 were males. The mean age was 40.3 years (range, 16 to 62 years), and the mean follow-up period was 12.4 months (range, 6 to 24 months). Graft success rate was 87.5% in this study. Preoperative mean air conduction hearing threshold was 25.9 dB, and the mean air-bone gap was 11.9 dB while these values improved to 19.5 dB and 5.3 dB respectively in the postoperative period. The mean hearing gain was 6.4 dB. The analysis of preoperative and postoperative mean air conduction thresholds and air bone gap values of the patients revealed statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

Underlay cartilage myringoplasty with endoscopic push-through technique in anterior quadrant tympanic membrane perforations is an effective, minimally invasive and feasible method.     

影响听力重建手术疗效的相关因素分析

目的探讨听力重建手术疗效,并对其相关影响因素进行分析。方法对97例(99耳)慢性中耳炎患者均行开放式乳突根治并重建听骨链、成型鼓室,分析其临床资料,对可能影响听力重建疗效的10项因素进行logistic回归分析。结果纯音测听示术前气导平均听阈(47.3±9.0)dB,术后(32.1±8.7)dB;术前ABG平均为(31.7±9.3)dB,术后ABG平均为(16.7±8.8)dB。其中镫骨存在、咽鼓管通畅、鼓膜张肌腱存在对听力重建疗效具有统计学意义。结论多个因素影响听力重建手术的疗效,其中镫骨情况、鼓膜张肌腱、咽鼓管功能是较为主要的因素。     

Bilateral myringoplasty in chronic otitis media

OBJECTIVE: A theoretical risk of iatrogenic sensorineural hearing loss (HL) during surgery has induced a reluctance to perform bilateral myringoplasty/tympanoplasty type I among some otosurgeons. This paper presents results of bilateral surgery in 26 patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-six patients with bilateral, dry tympanic membrane perforations caused by chronic otitis media were selected prospectively for bilateral myringoplasty/tympanoplasty type I (52 ears) at a tertiary referral center. All patients had a HL corresponding to the size and localization of the perforation (no suspicion of ossicular chain defect or other pathology). Mean age was 13.3 years, and the male to female ratio was 1.36. All but one ear were operated through a transcanal approach, and the onlay technique was used most frequently (83%), with use of fascia (56%), tragal perichondrium (38%), or cartilage palisades (6%) as graft material. Follow-up examination and hearing tests (pure tone and speech audiometry) were performed at a mean of 13.8 months after surgery. RESULTS: Perforation closure was obtained in 49 (94%) of the 52 ears. Hearing improved significantly, and the air-bone gap was significantly reduced. The air-bone gap was closed to within 10 dB in 92% and within 20 dB in 100% of the ears. Surprisingly good hearing was found during postoperative, bilateral ear canal gauze packing. Iatrogenic sensorineural HL did not occur. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that bilateral myringoplasty is safe, with good results, reduces costs, and leaves the patient satisfied. The hearing impairment during postoperative ear canal packing is surprisingly modest and readily acceptable by the patients.     

Comparison of anterior and posterior tympanomeatal flap elevations in endoscopic transcanal tympanoplasty

Background: There is not an ideal tympanomeatal flap incision type for transcanal procedures.

Aims/Objectives: Comparing the outcomes and feasibility of posteriorly and anteriorly based tympanomeatal flap incisions for anterior perforations in endoscopic transcanal cartilage tympanoplasty.

Material and methods: Twenty-six patients who had anterior TM perforation were included. Patients were divided into two groups with randomization. All of the data were prospectively collected. These included demographic data, date of the surgery, mean surgery time, preoperative and postoperative sixth-month pure-tone audiometry (PTA), type of tympanomeatal flap incision and graft healing success.

Results: Mean follow up time was 20.69?±?5.03 months. Graft healing rate was 100% in both groups. There was no major complication in both of groups. Mean air bone gap level improvement of (dB HL) at all frequencies was 7.69?±?2.83?dB HL in group 1 and 7.98?±?3.08?dB HL in group 2 respectively. Regarding pre-and postoperative mean air bone gap levels and mean surgery times, there was no significant difference between groups (p>.05).

Conclusions and significance: For non-complicated anterior perforations that are less than 50% of TM, endoscopic transcanal cartilage tympanoplasty using anterior tympanomeatal flap elevation procedure was seemed minimally invasive and feasible to perform with successful audiologic and postoperative outcomes.     

Results of endoscopic cartilage tympanoplasty procedure with limited tympanomeatal flap incision

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of this minimally invasive tympanomeatal incision technique performed during endoscopic transcanal cartilage tympanoplasty.

Study design: Prospective clinical study.

Methods: Eighty-seven patients (87 ears) who had TM perforation with noncomplicated COM were included. All of the patients were operated with the endoscopic transcanal cartilage tympanoplasty technique. All of the data were prospectively collected. These included demographic data, date of the surgery, preoperative and postoperative pure-tone audiometry (PTA), localization of TM perforation and graft healing success.

Results: Mean follow-up time was 14.76?±?4.32 months. Graft-healing rate was 100%. Mean air bone gap level improvement (dB HL) at 0.5, 1, 2 and 4?kHz were 13.87?±?7.30?dB HL, 9.09?±?7.59?dB HL, 9.74?±?6.40?dB HL and 7.46?±?6.37?dB HL, respectively. At all frequencies, there was significant difference between pre and postoperative mean air bone gap levels (p?p?>?.05).

Conclusions: Endoscopic ear surgery has successful surgical outcomes with low complication rates. In this study, the outcomes of limited tympanomeatal flap incision was discussed. It is suggested that this technique is reliable with good hearing results with low postoperative complications rates.     

耳屏岛状软骨-软骨膜在鼓膜成形术中的应用

目的探讨采用耳屏岛状软骨-软骨膜修补鼓膜大穿孔的手术方法及临床效果。方法64例（64耳）鼓膜穿孔患者用耳屏岛状软骨-软骨膜行鼓膜修复,所有患者均采用内植法一期完成手术。术后1年复查耳内镜及纯音听阈,并对结果进行分析。结果所有患者术后无耳鸣加重、无眩晕、无面瘫等。除1例鼓膜再穿孔外,余均愈合,愈合率为98．4％（63／64）;术后1年复查纯音测听语言频率平均气导听阈为29．1dB（术前为38．3dB）,骨气导差距平均为13．4dB（术前为24．6dB）,手术前后比较差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论耳屏岛状软骨-软骨膜修复鼓膜穿孔是一种可靠的方法,尤其适合于鼓膜大穿孔、复发性穿孔患者。     

James Sheehy鼓膜成形术

目的 应用James Sheehy鼓膜成形术对无残边鼓膜大穿孔行鼓膜成形术并观察其疗效。方法2001年1月至2003年6月，共有60名无残边鼓膜大穿孔的患者接受．James Sheehy鼓膜成形术治疗，男36名，女24名，年龄16～64岁，平均45．23岁。术前气骨导差5—45dB，平均28．5dB。其中54名患者随访超过6个月。技术关键：①做耳道后壁带血管蒂皮瓣，切除耳道前壁皮肤；②行耳道成形术至一个显微镜视野下能够看到整个鼓环；③必要时探查听骨链；④颞肌筋膜外植修补鼓膜，上方置于残余锤骨柄下方；⑤耳道前壁游离皮肤及耳道后壁带血管蒂皮肤复位。结果52名患者一期愈合，2名患者术后3个月修补鼓膜中心部位出现2处针眼样穿孔，经明胶海绵贴补二期愈合，鼓膜形态如常；6名患者术后出现轻微颞颌关节症状，3天后消失；2名患者出现修补鼓膜外侧愈合。结论．James Sheehy鼓膜成形术为无残边鼓膜大穿孔治疗的可靠技术，鼓膜修补成功率高，术后反应轻微，新生鼓膜形态好。