全髋置换术后常见并发症的X线诊断及评价

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术后常见并发症的X线表现,以提高对全髋关节置换术后并发症的诊断水平,评价X线诊断价值.方法 分析76例全髋关节置换术后出现并发症的病例,观察其X线表现,评价X线对并发症的诊断价值.结果 股骨柄无菌松动49例,髋臼假体无菌松动14例,X线表现为假体周围轮廓与假体形态一致的透亮带伴或不伴假体移位;感染伴股骨柄假体松动3例,X线表现为假体周围轮廓与假体形态不一致的透亮带和(或)假体移位,同时伴有骨质破坏;股骨头脱位11 例,X线10例表现为股骨头位于髋臼外,1例表现为股骨头在髋臼假体内不对称.结论 X线平片检查是全髋关节置换术后并发症诊断和随访的重要方法.全髋置换术后并发症以假体松动最常见.     

单电子发射断层成像/CT同机图像融合诊断乳腺癌骨转移的临床研究

目的评价单电子发射断层成像(SPECT)/CT同机图像融合显像对全身骨显像难于确诊乳腺癌骨病灶的鉴别诊断价值。方法对单纯全身骨显像难于确诊的75例乳腺癌患者的153个病灶行局部SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像。以临床病理、磁共振成像(MRI)、CT、骨扫描复查或PET/CT检查为确诊依据,计算诊断符合率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值。结果单纯全身骨显像无法确诊的153个病灶,经SPECT/CT融合断层正确诊断的恶性病灶51个(33.3%),良性病灶89个(58.2%)。诊断符合率91.5%,灵敏度92.7%,特异度90.8%,阳性预测值85.0%,阴性预测值95.7%。结论 SPECT/CT同机图像融合显像能够对单独SPECT骨扫描难于确诊的病灶进行准确诊断,明显地提高了乳腺癌骨转移病灶的诊断准确性,在女性乳腺癌患者骨病灶的鉴别诊断中具有很高的临床应用价值。     

人工全髋关节置换术X线平片检查的临床意义

目的：探讨人工全髋关节置换术后X线影像学检查的临床价值。方法：回顾26例人工全髋关节置换术后X线影像学表现，并结合文献加以分析。结果：本组26例近期（3个月内）观察其人工全髋关节位置、形态正常．远期疗效正进一步观察中。文献报告，术后可出现股骨柄无菌松动和饿髋臼假体无菌松动；感染伴股骨柄和髋臼假体松动；可伴有骨质破坏、窦道形成等影像学改变。结论：X线平片检查简单易行，是观察人工全髋关节置换术后最为常用和有效的检查方法。     

SPECT／CT显像在人工髋关节置换术后假体松动诊断中的应用

术后假体松动是人工髋关节置换失败的主要原因,大多需另行髋关节翻修术。假体松动的诊断常出现误诊、漏诊。有学者将SPECT／CT显像用于骨科疾病的诊断与鉴别诊断”J,但用于诊断假体松动的报道少见。笔者探讨了SPECT／CT显像在人工髋关节置换术后假体松动诊断中的临床应用价值,以提高诊断的准确性,避免不必要的翻修手术。     

骨显像对关节置换术后假体无菌性松动与假体周围感染的诊断价值

目的探讨骨显像对人工关节置换术后假体无菌性松动与假体周围感染的鉴别诊断价值。方法 2010年4月～2017年9月在我科行骨显像的人工关节置换术后患者42例,经随访明确诊断的28例,人工置换关节31个。无菌性松动组12例,松动关节14个;感染组16例,感染关节17个。结果 14个诊断为松动的关节中,骨显像发现局部核素分布增强的关节13个,诊断阴性的关节1个,诊断为松动的关节10个,灵敏度92.8%,准确率为71.4%;17个感染关节中,骨显像发现局部核素分布增强的关节16个,诊断阴性1个,诊断为感染的12个,松动2个,灵敏度94.1%,准确率为70.6%。结论骨显像诊断假体无菌性松动和感染有很高的灵敏度和较高的准确度,对关节置换术后假体无菌性松动和感染的鉴别诊断有很高的应用价值。     

人工髋关节置换术后常见并发症的X线表现

目的 探讨人工髋关节置换术后常见并发症的X线表现，以期提高对人工髋关节置换术后并发症的早期诊断及病因鉴别诊断能力。方法 回顾性分析46例人工髋关节置换术后由于出现并发症而行翻修术的病例，观察其X线表现，并通过与手术对照以评价X线对并发症的诊断价值。结果 术后诊断股骨柄无菌松动34例，髋臼假体无菌松动13例，X线表现为假体周围≥2mm的轮廓与假体形态一致的透亮带伴或不伴假体移位；感染伴股骨柄和(或)髋臼假体松动4例，X线表现为假体周围≥3mm的轮廓与假体形态不一致的透亮带和(或)假体移位，同时伴有骨质破坏、窦道形成等；股骨头脱位6例，X线2例表现为股骨头位于髋臼外，2例表现为股骨头中心型移位，2例表现为股骨头在髋臼假体内不对称。结论 透亮带和假体移位是松动最重要的X线表现，透亮带的形态和窦道的形成有助于鉴别感染性和无菌性松动。髋臼内股骨头位置的不对称或股骨头完全位于髋臼外为股骨头半脱位或脱位的表现。     

肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像对肺栓塞诊断价值研究

目的探讨肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像对肺栓塞的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析北部战区总医院自2016年11月至2017年10月收治的186例可疑肺栓塞患者的临床资料。所有患者均行肺Q SPECT/CT、肺V/Q SPECT、肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像,比较3种显像方法的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值,分析其对肺栓塞的诊断效能。结果 186例可疑肺栓塞患者中,66例符合肺栓塞诊断标准,可以确诊。肺Q SPECT/CT显像的灵敏度、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为92.4%(61/66)、74.2%(89/120)、80.6%(150/186)、66.3%(61/92)、94.7%(89/94),肺V/Q SPECT显像分别为90.9%(60/66)、80.8%(97/120)、84.4%(157/186)、72.3%(60/83)、94.2%(97/103),肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像分别为92.4%(61/66)、92.5%(111/120)、92.5%(172/186)、87.1%(61/70)、95.7%(111/116)。肺Q SPECT/CT、肺V/Q SPECT显像的准确性均明显低于肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。肺Q SPECT/CT显像的特异性明显低于肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论肺V/Q SPECT/CT显像对肺栓塞的诊断效能高于肺Q SPECT/CT、肺V/Q SPECT显像,可提高诊断的准确性和特异性。     

SPECT/CT对全髋关节置换术后并发症的诊断价值

关节置换手术后,假体松动及感染等并发症是患者术后不适的主要原因。在正确判断并发症方面,传统的影像手段各有利弊。SPECT/CT将功能成像与解剖成像同机融合,可以明确全髋关节置换术（THA）后金属假体与邻近骨质情况,判断术后并发症的出现,有助于手术方案的制定。笔者对CT三维影像测量在髋关节数据测量精确性方面的优势、方法和髋关节置换术后常见并发症,包括无菌性松动、假体周围感染、组织细胞反应、假体周围骨折、聚乙烯内衬磨损、异位骨化、假体周围假瘤形成等SPECT/CT影像特点做一综述。     

SPECT/CT融合显像对乳腺癌骨转移的诊断价值

目的 评价SPECT/CT融合显像对^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像难于确诊的乳腺癌骨病灶的鉴别诊断价值.方法 对^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像难于确诊的132例乳腺癌患者的210个病灶行局部SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像,以临床随访及病理检查获得最终诊断结果,计算SPECT/CT融合显像对骨转移灶的诊断准确率、灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,并对比不同部位病灶的诊断准确率差异.结果 ①210个病灶经SPECT/CT融合断层显像正确诊断的恶性病灶82个（39.0％）,良性病灶112个（53.3％）,诊断准确率为92.4％（194/210）,灵敏度为94.3％,特异度为91.1％,阳性预测值为88.2％,阴性预测值为95.7％.②SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对不同部位的病灶的诊断准确率不一致,脊椎的诊断准确率最高,为95.9％（94/97）,肋骨最低,为83.7％（36/43）,其差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.81,P＜0.05）.结论 SPECT/CT同机融合显像能够对^99Tc^m-MDP全身骨显像难于确诊的病灶进行准确诊断,其对不同部位的病灶的诊断准确率有差异,脊椎的诊断准确率最高,肋骨最低.     

99Tcm-MDP显像用于人工髋关节置换术后关节感染的鉴别诊断

目的 探讨99Tcm-MDP显像用于髋关节置换术后关节感染与无菌性假体松动鉴别诊断的适合方法.方法 回顾性分析2008年2月至2011年8月间74例人工髋关节置换术后出现关节疼痛的患者资料,其中男32例,女42例,年龄(64.3±11.2)岁.所有患者均行99Tcm-MDP血流、血池和骨骼三时相显像及血清C反应蛋白和血红细胞沉降率测定.99Tcm-MDP显像分别以假体周围软组织放射性浓聚、假体周围骨骼放射性浓聚或两者同时存在作为关节感染的诊断依据;无上述阳性表现者即认为关节疼痛由无菌性假体松动所致.依据最终临床诊断,采用x2检验比较99Tcm-MDP显像中骨骼相、血流-血池相、血清学检查结果间诊断效能的差异.结果 74例患者中,有症状关节74个,其中感染关节24个,无菌性假体松动50个.诊断关节感染的灵敏度和特异性:血流-血池相分别为91.7％(22/24)和90.0％ (45/50),骨骼相分别为70.8％ (17/24)和48.0％ (24/50),血清C反应蛋白分别为62.5％ (15/24)和78.0％ (39/50),血红细胞沉降率分别为62.5％ (15/24)和76.0％ (38/50).血流-血池相对假体周围感染诊断的准确性优于单纯骨显像[90.5％ (67/74)和55.4％ (41/74);x2=23.159,P＜0.001],也优于血清C反应蛋白[73.0％(54/74) ;x2 =7.656,P＜0.05]和血红细胞沉降率[71.6％(53/74);x2 =8.633,P＜0.05]检测.结论 在髋关节置换术后关节感染与无菌性假体松动鉴别诊断中,99Tcm-MDP血流-血池相具有较高的临床价值,建议作为常规检查方法.     

99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT融合显像在钙化防御诊断中的增益价值

目的探讨99Tcm-MDP SPECT/CT融合显像较常规平面骨显像在钙化防御诊断中的增益价值.资料与方法回顾性分析2019年3月—2020年9月东南大学附属中大医院核医学科42例临床疑诊钙化防御患者,均行全身骨显像和SPECT/CT融合显像,并经皮肤活检确诊.观察全身骨显像和SPECT/CT融合显像(均42例)诊断的...     

多层螺旋CT鉴别全髋关节置换术后迟发性无菌及感染性并发症

目的:全髋关节置换术后迟发性无菌性并发症和感染性并发症的鉴别对于合理的手术计划和及时的抗菌治疗至关重要.本研究目的是探讨多层螺旋CT在诊断翻修术前全髋关节置换术患者无菌性机械松动、肉芽肿病和假体周围感染应用价值.方法:8年内共83例疑似假体周围并发症患者接受翻修手术,所有患者术前均行多层螺旋CT扫描.两位肌骨放射科医师...     

Usefulness of 67Ga SPECT and integrated low-dose CT scanning (SPECT/CT) in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis

Objective We performed ⁶⁷Gallium (Ga) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with integrated low-dose computed tomography (CT) for the interpretation of myocardial outline to investigate the value of co-registered fusion imaging using a hybrid system (SPECT/CT) in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Methods SPECT/CT of the region in question was performed with VG Hawkeye. The subjects in this study were 37 patients [mean (±SD) age 61.0 ± 13.0 years; 12 men and 25 women], 13 of whom had a clinical diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and 24 a negative diagnosis. An intravenous injection of Ga (dosage 111 MBq) was performed on patients 48 h or 72 h before obtaining static planar images of the whole-body and the SPECT/CT scan. Results Abnormal Ga uptake in the myocardium was observed in 10 of the 13 subjects with true sarcoidosis, and in 11 of 24 with negative sarcoidosis without CT fusion. The sensitivity without CT fusion was 77%, the specificity 54%, and the accuracy 62%. Use of SPECT/CT changed the diagnosis only in a patient with true sarcoidosis, and changed the diagnosis in eight patients with negative sarcoidosis. The sensitivity with CT fusion was 69%, the specificity 79%, and the accuracy 76%. The difference in diagnostic accuracy was statistically significant (McNemar's test, P = 0.039). Conclusions SPECT scanning using Ga and integrated low-dose CT is a very useful diagnostic imaging technique because it improves the diagnostic specificity of Ga SPECT to allow the highly specific diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.     

SPECT/CT骨显像与MRI对足踝部病变诊断价值的比较

目的通过对足踝部不同类型病变的分析及与MRI对比,探讨SPECT/CT对足踝部病变的诊断价值。资料与方法回顾性分析76例因足踝部疼痛且患足未行手术治疗、行足踝部SPECT/CT与MRI检查的患者,以检查后手术结果为“金标准”,分别计算SPECT/CT与MRI对足踝部骨病变、关节病变、软组织病变的敏感度、特异度等,比较SPECT/CT与MRI对足踝部病变的诊断价值。结果SPECT/CT与MRI对足踝部病变的总体诊断敏感度、特异度分别为76%、61%和81%、56%,差异无统计学异意义(均P>0.05)。SPECT/CT对足踝部骨病变的敏感度(95%)高于MRI(80%,P<0.005),对足踝部软组织病变的特异度(84%)明显高于MRI(42%,P<0.001)。SPECT/CT和MRI联合诊断足踝部病变的总体敏感度、特异度为98%、57%,其敏感度高于单独使用SPECT/CT或MRI(均P<0.05)。结论SPECT/CT与MRI比较,对足踝部病变的总体诊断价值相当,而对足踝部骨病变的敏感度较高,对软组织病变的特异度较高,两者联合可提高诊断价值。     

水灌肠^18F—FDGPET／CT在直肠癌诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨水灌肠^18F-FDGPET／CT检查在直肠癌诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析69例[男52例,女17例;平均年龄57．9岁]临床怀疑为直肠癌患者的常规及水灌肠^18F-FDGPET／CT资料,与肠镜或术后病理结果进行对照,比较2种方法对直肠癌的诊断效能,同时比较不同病灶SUVmax的差异。采用配对t检验及McNemar检验对数据进行统计学分析。结果病理证实直肠癌61例,非直肠癌8例。61例直肠癌患者灌肠前后SUVmax差异有统计学意义（13．17±6．19与14．25±6．63;t=-6．100,P〈0．01）。常规PET／CT诊断直肠癌的灵敏度为90．2％（55／61）,特异性为4／8,准确性为85．6％（59／69）;水灌肠PET／CT相应指标为98．4％（60／61）,6／8,95．7％（66／69）,2种方法诊断直肠癌的准确性差异有统计学意义（x^2=5．140,P〈0．05）。结论水灌肠PET／CT弥补了常规PET／CT的不足,提高了对直肠癌诊断的准确性。     

Dual Energy CT lung perfusion imaging--correlation with SPECT/CT

Objective

Aims were (1) to determine the diagnostic accuracy of Dual Energy CT (DECT) in the detection of perfusion defects and (2) to evaluate the potential of DECT to improve the sensitivity for PE.

Methods

15 patients underwent Dual Energy pulmonary CT angiography (DE CTPA) and a combination of lung perfusion SPECT/CT and ventilation scintigraphy. CTPA and DE iodine distribution maps as well as perfusion SPECT/CT and inhalation scintigrams were reviewed for pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis. DECT and SPECT perfusion images were assessed regarding localization and extent of perfusion defects. Diagnostic accuracy of DE iodine (perfusion) maps was determined with reference to SPECT/CT. Diagnostic accuracies for PE detection of DECT and of SPECT/CT with ventilation scintigraphy were calculated with reference to the consensus reading of all modalities.

Results

DE CTPA had a sensitivity/specificity of 100%/100% for acute PE, while the combination of SPECT/CT and ventilation scintigraphy had a sensitivity/specificity of 85.7%/87.5%. For perfusion defects, DECT iodine maps had a sensitivity/specificity of 76.7% and 98.2%.

Conclusion

DECT is able to identify pulmonary perfusion defects with good accuracy. This technique may potentially enhance the diagnostic accuracy in the assessment of PE.     

同机低剂量CT在肺通气／灌注SPECT显像诊断肺栓塞中的价值

目的评价同机低剂量cT对放射性核素肺V／QSPECT显像诊断PE的辅助价值。方法回顾性分析102例疑似PE患者的V／QSPECT显像和同机低剂量cT资料。采集患者的相关临床资料和检查结果,并随访3个月或以上。依据欧洲心脏病学会2008年指南所述标准作临床最终诊断,并以临床最终诊断作为“金标准”,评价V／QSPECT显像及其结合同机低剂量CT诊断PE的效能。分析同机低剂量cT在V／QSPECT显像所示异常部位的表现及其对PE鉴别诊断的价值。采用SPSS13．0软件进行统计分析,以四格表,检验比较V／QSPECT显像与其结合同机cT诊断效能间差异。结果在纳入研究的102例患者中,29例（28．43％）被最终诊断为PE。V／QSPECT显像的灵敏度、特异性及准确性分别为93．10％（27／29）、90．41％（66／73）及91．18％（93／102）,无“不确定”结果。V／QSPECT显像结合同机低剂量CT后,其灵敏度、特异性及准确性分别为93．10％（27／29）、95．89％（70／73）及95．10％（97／102）,无“不确定”结果,与单独的V／QSPECT显像相比,灵敏度无变化,特异性和准确性提高,但差异无统计学意义（,值分别为1．72和1．23,P均〉0．05）。结论V／QSPECT显像结合同机低剂量CT对PE的诊断效能较高。同机低剂量CT有助于PE的鉴别诊断。     

SPECT和CT融合骨显像在小儿神经母细胞瘤中的应用

目的探讨SPECT和CT融合骨显像在探测小儿神经母细胞瘤（NB）转移性骨肿瘤中的临床价值。方法回顾性分析24例NB患儿,均行全身平面骨显像及局部SPECT和CT融合骨显像。将骨病灶显示的清晰度分为5级（不可见、模糊、可见、清晰、非常清晰）,良恶性诊断的确定性分为3级（不确定、可以确定、十分确定）,诊断效能指标包括灵敏度、特异性及准确性。对显像图像在骨病灶的清晰度显示、良恶性确定性诊断及探测恶性骨病灶的诊断效能方面进行分析,采用秩和检验及χ^2检验进行比较。结果24例NB患儿,全身平面骨显像发现骨病灶72个,有5个骨病灶未能显示,SPECT和CT融合显像和单独SPECT显像均分别发现骨病灶77个。对骨病灶的清晰度显示SPECT和CT融合显像,单独SPECT显像均优于平面显像（日值均为69．000,P均〈0．05）。平面显像和SPECT显像诊断恶性骨病灶的准确性分别为45．45％（35／77）和62．34％（48／77;χ^2=4．416,P〈0．05）,SPECT和CT融合诊断恶性骨病灶的灵敏度、特异性和准确性均较平面显像有提高,分别为82．35％（42／51）和53．19％（25／47）、88．46％（23／26）和40．00％（10／25）、84．42％（65／77）和45．45％（35／77）,χ^2=12．571,14．016和25．667,P均〈0．01。与SPECT显像的特异性（14／26,53．85％）和准确性（48／77,62．34％）相比,SPECT和cT融合诊断恶性骨病灶的特异性和准确性提高（χ^2=7．589,9．606,P均〈0．01）,两者间灵敏度差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2．942,P〉0．05）。SPECT和CT融合显像骨病灶良恶性的确定性诊断优于SPECT（H=28．000,P〈0．05）和平面显像（H=21．000,P〈0．05）。结论SPECT和CT融合骨显像能探测到NB患儿更多的骨病灶,是一种较好的探测NB患儿转移性骨肿瘤的显像方法。     

Fat-suppressed 3D spoiled gradient-echo MRI and MDCT arthrography of articular cartilage in patients with hip dysplasia

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the diagnostic ability of MDCT arthrography for acetabular and femoral cartilage lesions in patients with hip dysplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A disorder of the articular cartilage was evaluated in 20 hips of 18 patients with acetabular dysplasia who did not have osteoarthritis or who had early stage osteoarthritis before undergoing pelvic osteotomy surgery. The findings on fat-suppressed 3D fast spoiled gradient-echo MRI and MDCT arthrography of the hip were evaluated by two independent observers, and sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined using arthroscopic findings as the standard of reference. Kappa values were calculated to quantify the level of interobserver agreement. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of any cartilage disorder (grade 1 or higher) were (observer 1/observer 2) 49%/67% and 89%/76%, respectively, on MRI, and 67%/67% and 89%/82%, respectively, on CT arthrography. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of cartilage lesions with substance loss (grade 2 or higher) were (observer 1/observer 2) 47%/53% and 92%/87%, respectively, on MRI, and 70%/79% and 93%/94%, respectively, on CT arthrography. CT arthrography provided significantly higher sensitivity in the detection of grade 2 or higher lesions than MRI for both observers. Interobserver agreement in the detection of grade 2 or higher cartilage lesions was moderate (kappa = 0.53) on MRI and substantial (kappa = 0.78) on CT. CONCLUSION: MDCT arthrography is a sensitive and reproducible method for assessing articular cartilage lesions with substance loss in patients with hip dysplasia.