功能性胃肠病与孤独症谱系障碍儿童体格发育的相关性

目的 探讨功能性胃肠病与孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders,ASD)儿童体格发育的相关性.方法 选取2019年10月至2020年1月在广西壮族自治区妇幼保健院儿童保健科诊断为ASD的儿童为研究对象.纳入合并功能性胃肠病患儿35例为观察组,按1:2选取同期ASD不合并功能性胃肠病儿童70例...     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童的运动技能障碍

孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorders, ASD儿童的运动技能障碍常表现为早期运动落后、协调障碍、体能下降及视动整合障碍等,在不同程度上影响了他们的生活、学习及社会交往。由于ASD儿童的核心症状相对明显,故其运动技能障碍常常会被忽视。ASD儿童应早期进行运动功能的监测,选择合适方法进行运动评估,针对其运动技能障碍特点进行相应训练,以促进其运动技能的发育,从而辅助改善其核心功能障碍。运动干预在改善ASD儿童功能的证据日益增加,临床上不应该忽视ASD儿童的运动技能障碍及其康复干预,而应得到更多关注。     

儿童孤独症谱系障碍的治疗研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)为一类广泛性神经系统发育障碍,以社会交往及交流障碍、兴趣狭窄、刻板与重复行为为主要特点。目前ASD的发病率呈显著上升趋势,早期合理的个性化综合干预治疗可明显改善患儿预后。由于ASD的病因不明,目前尚无特效药,主要以行为与教育干预为主;对ASD的伴发症状,如易激惹、自伤行为、注意缺陷多动障碍、睡眠问题等,合理应用一些药物,可改善ASD患儿的行为干预效果。随着ASD发病机制的深入研究,布美他尼、催产素、维生素D及高压氧治疗,可有望改善ASD核心症状。该文对目前针对ASD的行为与发展干预及治疗方法进行了综述。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童的行为管理

孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）是一类发生于儿童期的神经发育障碍性疾病,以社会交往和社会交流缺陷以及限制性重复性行为、兴趣和活动两大核心表现为特征。因此,ASD干预的一个重点即是通过进行有效的行为管理来改善行为紊乱问题。应用行为分析是一门科学,其在ASD儿童康复教育中的运用效果具有循证依据,在ASD儿童行为管理中,康复医师应牢牢掌握行为的基本原理理论,在理论指导下运用具有循证实践基础的策略和方法科学地开展工作。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童睡眠障碍影响因素研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍（ASD）是一组较为严重的神经发育障碍性疾病,睡眠障碍是其常见的共患病之一。近年来,国内外也越来越关注ASD儿童的睡眠障碍,缓解ASD患儿睡眠障碍不仅有助于改善临床症状,增加康复疗效,促进预后,同时也会减轻抚养者的压力,但其发病机制较为复杂且缺乏特异性生物指标,造成了诊断和治疗的不确定性。该综述通过对国内外有关ASD儿童睡眠障碍影响因素的研究成果进行系统整理并作一总结,为未来更好地预防和治疗ASD儿童睡眠障碍提供有益的参考。     

孤独症谱系障碍儿童的康复干预模式

该文介绍了孤独症谱系障碍的康复干预模式的分类,并依据循证依据(evidence-base practice,EBP)以及混合性研究方式(mixing methodologies)判断有效的基础上举例介绍我国目前使用的一些方法及其进展。     

西安市城区托幼机构孤独症谱系障碍儿童现患率调查

目的:了解西安市城区托幼机构儿童中孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的患病情况。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,在西安市6个城区抽取12所幼儿园,先采用儿童家长对数据填写孤独症行为评定量表(ABC)及保教人员报告的方法确定ASD初筛阳性儿童,然后专科医师现场行为观察确定可疑ASD儿童,最后至医院行孤独症诊断观察量表第2版(ADOS-...     

学龄期轻度孤独症谱系障碍儿童注意力特征分析

目的 探讨学龄期轻度孤独症谱系障碍 （ASD）儿童的注意力特征,为临床治疗提供依据。方法 收集学龄期轻度ASD儿童20例,使用整合视听持续性操作测试 （IVA-CPT）进行注意力评估。选取20名注意缺陷多动障碍 （ADHD）儿童和40名正常儿童作为对照。结果 与正常对照组比较,ASD组的综合注意、综合控制、视/ 听觉综合控制力、视/听觉谨慎、听觉毅力、视觉一致性、视/听觉警醒、视觉注意力、视觉速度商数,视/听觉正确反应数和视觉二、三阶段平均反应时得分低 （P <0.05）。与ADHD组比,ASD 组的综合控制力、听觉一致性、商数得分高 （P <0.05）,而视觉警醒、视觉速度商数得分低 （P <0.05）。结论 学龄期轻度ASD儿童存在注意缺陷,以注意集中能力缺陷为主且与ADHD 儿童受损相当,而注意控制能力受损相对较轻且优于ADHD儿童;视觉注意集中能力缺陷重于听觉,而视/听觉注意控制能力缺陷无明显差别。     

孤独症谱系障碍的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍是一组并不少见的以社会交往障碍、交流障碍和狭隘重复性行为为特征的疾病,在过去的十年,孤独症的流行病学、病因、早期诊断、早期干预和预后等领域取得了诸多重要进展,文章对此作一阐述.     

儿童孤独症谱系障碍饮食行为异常的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍患儿往往伴有饮食行为的异常,对此进行的实验也包含多种混杂因素的干扰,因其发生机制不明,临床表现呈多样化,治疗这种异常饮食行为的疗效也不尽相同.该文就近年来孤独症谱系障碍儿童饮食异常的相关研究作一综述.     

Growth and weight status of Brazilian children with autism spectrum disorders: A mixed longitudinal study

ObjectiveThis study examined the growth status and physical development of Brazilian children with autism spectrum disorders from 4 to 15 years of age. Furthermore, it was examined whether variation in growth patterns and weight status was influenced by the use of psychotropic medications.MethodsOne-hundred and twenty children aged 3.6–12.1 years at baseline (average = 7.2 years, SD = 2.3 years) diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders were measured on three repeated occasions across a 4-year period. Stature, body mass, and body mass index were considered. Bayesian multilevel modeling was used to describe the individual growth patterns.ResultsGrowth in stature was comparable to the age-specific 50th percentile for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference data until approximately 8 years, but a substantial decrease in growth rate was observed thereafter, reaching the age-specific 5th percentile at 15 years of age. Both body mass and body mass index values were, on average, higher than both the Brazilian and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention age-specific 95th percentile reference until 8 years, but below the 50th specific-age percentile at the age of 15 years.ConclusionsBrazilian boys with autism spectrum disorders between 4 and 15 years appear to have impaired growth in stature after 8–9 years of age, likely impacting pubertal growth. A high prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed in early childhood, although a trend of substantial decrease in body mass and body mass index was apparent when children with autism spectrum disorders entered the years of pubertal development.     

Cognitive behavioral therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder: A prospective observational study

Objective

To evaluate prospectively the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Sensory abnormalities in children with autism spectrum disorder

Objective

The clinical picture of children with autism spectrum disorder is characterized by deficits of social interaction and communication, as well as by repetitive interests and activities. Sensory abnormalities are a very frequent feature that often go unnoticed due to the communication difficulties of these patients. This narrative review summarizes the main features of sensory abnormalities and the respective implications for the interpretation of several signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, and therefore for its management.

Constipation in children with autism and autistic spectrum disorder

Background  

Children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) have long been known to suffer from GIT symptoms. We planned to quantify the contribution of this group to our constipation clinic workload, and to discover defining group characteristics.     

Minor physical anomalies in children with autism spectrum disorder

AIM: To investigate the rate and topological profile of minor physical anomalies (MPAs) (prenatal errors of morphogenesis) in a group of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), in order to better set a temporal framing of embryological factors involved in the neurodevelopmental etiology. METHOD: A new modified Waldrop scale and a mixed approach of computerized photogrammetry and classic anthroposcopy was used to detect the presence or absence of 41 MPAs in 24 children (mean age: 7 years; sex ratio: 22M:2F) with ASD and 24 healthy comparison subjects (mean age: 7 years; sex ratio: 19M:5F) selected with DSM IV and CARS. RESULTS: We found that children with ASD presenting MPAs (n=23; 96%) had significantly higher rates of MPAs in four body areas (head, ears, mouth, hands); interestingly three of 41 MPAs best discriminated ASD groups from comparison subjects: abnormal head circumference, abnormal cephalic index, abnormal palate. Moreover, our results suggest that most MPAs occur predominantly after the first trimester of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: These results support a prenatal neurodevelopmental model of the autism spectrum disorder.     

Attentional networks in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder

Background: Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) exhibit lifelong abnormalities in the adaptive allocation of visual attention. The ubiquitous nature of attentional impairments in ASD has led some authors to hypothesize that atypical attentional modulation may be a factor in the development of higher‐level sociocommunicative deficits. Method: Participants were 20 children with ASD and 20 age‐ and Nonverbal IQ‐matched typically developing (TD) children. We used the Attention Network Test (ANT) to investigate the efficiency and independence of three discrete attentional networks: alerting, orienting, and executive control. Additionally, we sought to investigate the relationship between each attentional network and measures of sociocommunicative symptom severity in children with ASD. Results: Results indicate that the orienting, but not alerting or executive control, networks may be impaired in children with ASD. In contrast to TD children, correlational analyses suggest that the alerting and executive control networks may not function as independently in children with ASD. Additionally, an association was found between the alerting network and social impairment and between the executive control network and IQ in children with ASD. Conclusions: The results provide further evidence of an impairment in the visuospatial orienting network in ASD and suggest that there may be greater interdependence of alerting and executive control networks in ASD. Furthermore, decreased ability to efficiently modulate levels of alertness was related to increased sociocommunicative deficits, suggesting that domain‐general attentional function may be associated with ASD symptomatology.