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1.
翼腭窝通道CT多平面的重建   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的 通过多排CT的多平面重建技术(multiplanar reconstruction,MPR)观察正常成人翼腭窝(pterygopalatine fossa,PPF)相关通道.方法 选择无翼腭窝及其通道病变的成人共60例,螺旋CT扫描,骨算法成像,将原始图像传至工作站,根据各个通道走行,进行MPR.结果 翼管前口横径(5.12±0.54)mm,后口横径(3.72±0,43)mm.翼管自前向后斜行向上43侧,斜行向下59侧,平行18侧.突入蝶窦腔内39侧,骑跨于蝶窦下壁54侧,位于蝶窦下壁的骨质内27侧.圆孔前口横径(3.29±0.25)mm.圆孔自前向后斜行向上41侧,斜行向下52侧,平行27侧.约1/2以下管壁突入蝶窦腔68侧,约1/2及以上管壁突入蝶窦腔31侧,位于蝶窦外下壁骨质内21侧.腭鞘管100%显示,管壁完整51侧,管径(0.88±0.04)mm.犁鞘管43%显示,管径(0.51±0.02)mm.蝶腭孔前后径(6.8±0.29)mm.腭大孔前后径(8.24±0.38)mm,横径(5.12±0.35)mm,腭大管与硬腭夹角(71.71±3.86)度.结论应用多排CT的MPR技术可以客观和全面的反映正常成人上述PPF通道的形态及毗邻关系.  相似文献   

2.
蝶窦和视神经管多层螺旋CT的测量   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 为经鼻内镜蝶窦手术、视神经管减压术提供影像解剖学基础.方法 利用螺旋CT多平面重建技术对40例鼻及鼻窦正常病例行蝶窦、视神经管有关解剖数据的影像学测量.结果 两侧视神经管各壁长度均值:内侧壁(12.08±0.62)mm,外侧壁(10.16±1.73)mm,上壁(9.16±1.17)mm,下壁(10.24±1.35)mm;两侧视神经管及蝶窦有关径线均值:视神经管颅口处左右径(5.57±0.95)mm,上下径(4.53±0.78)mm;中部左右径(4.40±0.67)mm,上下径(4.36±0.67)mm;眶口处左右径(5.09±0.85)mm;上下径(5.90±0.98)mm;鼻小柱前缘中点到蝶窦前壁中点的距离(70.8±5.4)mm;蝶窦最大左右径(17.83±4.38)mm,最大上下径(18.40±3.76)mm,最大前后径(23.19±6.73)mm.结论利用螺旋CT多平面重建技术可以准确方便的测量蝶窦和视神经管的解剖结构,对该部位的经鼻内镜手术具有重要指导价值.  相似文献   

3.
目的:通过经鼻内镜行蝶窦外侧壁尸头解剖,为临床鼻内镜下蝶窦外侧壁相关手术提供解剖学参考.方法:选取经10%甲醛防腐处理的国人成人湿性尸头10具(20侧),鼻内镜下经鼻-蝶窦手术入路,暴露蝶窦腔,在0°和30°鼻内镜下确认蝶窦外侧壁骨性隆起,观察视神经和颈内动脉与毗邻结构的关系,以直尺、量角器等测量工具分别测量视神经管和颈内动脉骨性隆起与鼻小柱、鞍底中线的距离和角度.结果:鼻内镜下可见蝶窦外侧壁上视神经管与颈内动脉骨性隆起呈"八"字形关系,向蝶窦腔凸入的程度及两者间距离因人而异,沿颈内动脉追踪可暴露海绵窦外侧壁;测得视神经管眶口内壁中点、颈内动脉骨性隆起前端到鼻小柱的平均距离分别为(75.33±5.59)mm和(81.02±5.29)mm,到鞍底中线的平均距离分别为(5.81±1.52)mm和(5.53±1.47)mm;视神经管眶口内壁中点到鼻小柱连线与鼻底的夹角平均为(53.4±4.1)°.结论:以鼻小柱及鞍底中线为参考点,在鼻内镜下经鼻-蝶窦手术径路进行的蝶窦外侧壁解剖学形态观察和相关测量数据可为临床医生提供相应指导.  相似文献   

4.
健康人视神经管的CT测量及临床意义   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 探讨健康人视神经管的CT解剖结构及临床意义。方法 对 2 0 0例 (40 0侧 )健康成人行视神经管区轴位和冠状位薄层CT扫描 ,测量视神经管的有关径线 ,并观察其与周围结构的解剖关系。结果 ①双侧视神经管径线均值 :左右径 (3 5 7± 0 6 1)mm( x±s,下同 ) ,上下径 (4 82±0 38)mm ;内侧壁长度 (12 6 2± 2 5 9)mm ,外侧壁长度 (10 18± 2 19)mm ,视神经管长度 (11 46± 2 35 )mm ;与颅正中线夹角 34 34°± 6 48° ,与眶内段视神经夹角 10 6 9°± 6 48° ;内侧壁厚度 (0 6 8± 0 46 )mm。双侧间差异均无显著性 (P >0 0 5 ) ;②视神经管、眶上裂、眶下裂在CT轴位像上分别表现为“轨道状”、“裂隙状”和“狭谷状” ,在冠状位像上分别表现为“蝶眼状”、水平状裂隙和垂直状裂隙 ;③后组筛窦与视神经管的位置关系为 :管前型占 42 0 0 %、半管型占 2 7 5 0 %、全管型占 18 75 %、蝶鞍型占9 75 %和管周型占 2 0 0 % ;④蝶窦气化度与视神经管的位置关系为 :Ι度蝶窦占 2 0 %、Π度蝶窦占6 3%和Ш度蝶窦占 17% ;⑤视神经管内侧壁骨质缺损发生率为 2 5 5 % ,缺损平均长度为 (5 0 7±2 5 2 )mm。结论 CT是显示视神经管正常解剖结构及其与周围器官毗邻关系的可靠手段 ,对内窥镜鼻窦手术  相似文献   

5.
目的研究成年人和青少年蝶窦气化及其与蝶窦周围相关结构的关系,为临床开展鼻内镜下经蝶窦颅底手术提供影像学基础。方法 100例成年人、50例青少年(10~18岁)行高分辨率CT冠状位和轴位扫描。结果蝶窦气化分蝶骨体气化和其他相关结构气化,成年人与青少年比较无显著性差异。300侧蝶窦,半鞍型和全鞍型258侧(86%),甲介型和鞍前型42侧(14%)。蝶骨大翼、蝶骨小翼、翼突、鞍背、枕骨的气化率分别为7.3%、8.0%、28.7%、9.3%、4.0%。颈内动脉半管型和全管型共139侧(46.3%),视神经半管型和全管型共174侧(58.0%),部分血管神经完全突入到蝶窦腔内,骨壁菲薄甚至缺如。颈内动脉、视神经管、圆管、翼管突入蝶窦的程度与蝶窦气化类型有关。结论蝶窦气化程度及颈内动脉、视神经管、圆管、翼管突入蝶窦的程度个体差异较大。与成年人相比,青少年蝶窦及蝶窦周围相关结构已发育成熟。  相似文献   

6.
目的测量蝶窦口与周围解剖结构的影像解剖数据,为临床提供相关数据。方法选取30例蝶窦无异常的健康成年志愿者行鼻窦薄层扫描,并行矢状位及冠状位的重建,利用工作站对蝶窦口与周围结构进行测量。结果蝶窦口的最大上下径为(2.28±0.52)mm,左右径为(2.06±0.32)mm,蝶窦口与前鼻孔的距离为(72.34±3.67)mm,蝶窦口与蝶窦顶壁、后壁、下壁及外侧壁的最大距离分别为(10.64±3.99)、(17.68±2.78)、(13.25±3.50)、(8.76±3.79)mm。结论蝶窦口为经蝶手术的重要解剖标志,扩大蝶窦口应自蝶窦口向内下方扩大,向上不易超过(10.64±3.99)mm,向外侧不易超过(8.76±3.79)mm。  相似文献   

7.
杨本涛  刘莎等 《耳鼻咽喉》2000,7(6):346-350
目的:探讨翼管高分辨率CT(HRCT)正常及病理的表现。方法:回顾性分析100例正常成年人翼管和72例病变累及翼管的病例。结果:正常成年人右侧翼管长度14.00mm(17.01-11.00mm),左侧翼管长度14.00mm(18.05-11.03mm),男女两者无明显差异(P>0.05);翼管前口宽度2.00mm(0.80-4.00mm),后口宽度1.40mm(0.50-2.80mm);85%翼管向前内走向,两侧翼管前部距离25mm(17-31mm),后部距离27mm(19-35mm);翼管与蝶窦下壁前后的距离分别为2.4mm和3.0mm,以上三组数值均有显著差异(P<0.05),但男女之间无明显差异(P>0.05)。正常成人翼管与鼻窦关系:位于有完整分隔的蝶窦下55%,蝶窦内31%,不对称分隔或无分隔下8%,上壁缺如与蝶窦交通6%。病变累及翼管病理改变分三种类型:扩大10例(13.9%);狭窄17例(23.6%);消失45例(59.5%)。结论:及翼管病理改变分三种类型:扩大10例(13.9%);狭窄17(23.6%);消失45例(59.5%)。结论:HRCT能很好显示翼管骨性结构,准确认识翼管正常表现及与邻近结构关系,可以发现翼管早期病变并指导临床治疗。  相似文献   

8.
翼管走行的解剖测量及其临床意义   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
目的为临床经鼻内镜翼管神经穿刺手术提供解剖学依据。方法利用金属探针及X线片的辅助,主要对56侧颅骨翼管的相关骨性结构、解剖标志,特别是走行方向定位进行观测。结果翼管长度为(16.03±1.48)mm,双侧前口间距为(27.56±3.11)mm,双侧后口间距为(34.41±3.37)mm;鼻骨下缘中点与翼管前口距离(60.70±8.86)mm,前鼻棘至翼管前口距离为(58.16 ±5.80)mm,两者连线与翼管之间前夹角为(33.50±3.52)°;翼管与颅骨中矢状面之间的夹角(取双侧夹角的平均值)为(11.95±1.12)°,翼管与法兰克福平面间夹角为(6.86±3.37)°;翼管与下鼻道平面间夹角为(9.68±4.60)°。结论本研究的测量数据可作为经鼻内窥镜翼管神经穿刺术的重要解剖学参数。  相似文献   

9.
蝶窦外侧壁相关结构的CT和MRI对比研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的 :对正常人蝶窦外侧壁相关结构的CT和MRI进行对比研究 ,为该区域疾病诊断和鉴别诊断提供理论依据。方法 :对 2 5例正常人行冠状和水平位高分辨率CT扫描。对 2 0例正常人行MRI冠状、水平位SET1 WI和FSET2 WI扫描。结果 :①蝶窦气化分为蝶骨体气化类型和蝶骨体突起气化类型。前者分 3型 :甲介型 (2 % ) ,鞍前型 (2 0 % ) ,鞍型 (78% )。后者分 4型 :蝶骨小翼气化型 (38% ) ,蝶骨大翼气化型 (40 % ) ,翼突气化型(34% ) ,鞍背气化型 (6 % )。②蝶骨外侧骨壁最薄 (<1mm)处位于视神经管内壁 (96 % )、蝶筛隐窝层面骨壁(86 % )、颈内动脉管层面骨壁 (6 6 % )。③过度气化的蝶窦可使圆孔 (6 4 % )和翼管 (44 % )突入蝶窦腔内。结论 :临床应对视神经管周围不同气化类型给予充分重视  相似文献   

10.
蝶窦、视神经管多层螺旋CT三维重建后的影象解剖学测量   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:为经鼻内镜蝶窦手术、视神经管减压术提供影象解剖学基础。方法:利用螺旋CT三维重建技术对40例(80侧)鼻、鼻窦正常的受试者行蝶窦、视神经管有关解剖数据的影象学测量。结果:两侧视神经管各壁长度均值为:内侧壁12.08±0.62?mm,外侧壁10.16±1.73?mm,上壁9.16±1.17?mm,下壁10.24±1.35?mm。两侧视神经管及蝶窦有关径线均值为:视神经管颅口处:左右径5.57±0.95?mm,上下径4.53±0.78?mm;中部:左右径4.40±0.67?mm,上下径4.36±0.67?mm;眶口处:左右径5.09±0.85?mm,上下径5.90±0.98?mm;鼻小柱前缘中点到蝶窦前壁中点的距离:7.08±0.54?cm;蝶窦最大左右径:17.83±4.38?mm,最大上下径:18.40±3.76?mm,最大前后径:23.19±6.73?mm。结论:螺旋CT三维重建技术可以准确有效地测量蝶窦、视神经管的解剖结构,对经鼻内镜手术具有重要指导价值。  相似文献   

11.

Introduction

The type of endoscopic approach chosen for vidian neurectomy can be specified by evaluating the vidian canal and the surrounding sphenoid sinus structures.

Objective

The variations and morphometry of the vidian canal were investigated, focusing on the functional correlations between them which are crucial anatomical landmarks for preoperative planning.

Methods

This study was performed using paranasal multidetector computed tomography images that were obtained with a section thickening of 0.625 mm of 250 adults.

Results

The distributions of 500 vidian canal variants were categorized as follows; Type 1, within the sphenoid corpus (55.6%); Type 2, partially protruding into the sphenoid sinus (34.8%); Type 3, within the sphenoid sinus (9.6%). The pneumatization of the pterygoid process is mostly seen in vidian canal Type 2 (72.4%) and Type 3 (95.8%) (p < 0.001). The mean distances from the vidian canal to the foramen rotundum and the palatovaginal canal were greater in the vidian canal Type 2 and 3 with the pterygoid process pneumatization (p < 0.001). The prevalence of the intrasphenoid septum between the vidian canal and the vomerine crest and lateral attachment which ending on carotid prominence were much higher in vidian canal Type 3 than other types (p < 0.001). The mean angle between the posterior end of the middle turbinate and the lateral margin of the anterior opening of the vidian canal was measured as 33.05 ± 7.71°.

Conclusions

Preoperative radiologic analysis of the vidian canal and the surrounding structures will allow surgeons to choose an appropriate endoscopic approach to ensure predictable postoperative outcomes.  相似文献   

12.
翼管的高分辨率CT(HRCT)研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:探讨翼管高分辨率CT(HRCT)正常及病理的表现。方法:回顾性分析100例正常成年人翼管和72例病变累及翼管的病例。结果:正常成年人右侧翼管长度14.00mm(17.01~11.00mm),左侧翼管长度 14.00mm(18. 05~11. 03mm),男女两者无明显差异( P>0. 05);翼管前口宽度 2.00mm(0.80~4.00mm),后口宽度1.40mm(0.50~2.80mm);85%翼管向前内走向,两侧翼管前部距离25mm(17~31mm),后部距离27mm(19~35mm);翼管与蝶窦下壁前后的距离分别为2.4mm和3.0mm,以上三组数值均有显著差异( P< 0. 05),但男女之间无明显差异( P>0. 05)。正常成人翼管与鼻窦关系:位于有完整分隔的蝶窦下55%,蝶窦内31%,不对称分隔或无分隔下8%,上壁缺如与蝶窦交通6%。病变累及翼管病理改变分三种类型:扩大10例(13.9%);狭窄17例(23,6%)。消失45例(99.5%)。结论:HRCT能很好显示翼管骨性结构,准确认识翼管正常表现及与邻近结构关系,可以发现翼管早期病变并指导临床治疗。  相似文献   

13.
IntroductionThe vidian canal acts as landmark for the identification of the petrous carotid artery, especially during extended endoscopic endonasal approaches in cranial base surgeries. In order to localize the canal and to understand the relationship of pneumatization of pterygoid process to the type of vidian canal, this study was designed.ObjectivesThe objective was to describe the anatomical relationship of pneumatization of the pterygoid process with types of vidian canal. The length of vidian canal, relationship to medial plate of pterygoid process and relationship to the petrous part of internal carotid artery were evaluated.MethodsHead computer tomography scans of 52 individuals for suspected paranasal pathology were studied. The degree of sphenoid sinus pneumatization, pterygoid process pneumatization and types of vidian canal (type 1, 2 and 3) were noted. The length of vidian canal, distance from the plane of medial pterygoid plate and relation of vidian canal to the junction of petrous and Gasserian (ascending) part of internal carotid artery was noted.Results46 (92%) sphenoid sinuses were of the sellar variety. Out of 104 sides that were studied, 57 sides demonstrated a pneumatised pterygoid process and 47 were not pneumatised. In 49 sides (47.1%) the vidian canal was on the same plane as that of the medial pterygoid plate in the coronal section. The vidian canal partially protruded into the sphenoid sinus (type 2) was the most common type (50.9%), found both on right and left sides. There is a statistically significant association between the pterygoid process pneumatization and occurrence of type 2 and type 3 vidian canal configuration. The average length of the vidian canal was 16.16 ± 1.8 mm. In 96 sides, the anterior end of vidian canal was inferolateral to petrous part of internal carotid artery in the coronal plane.ConclusionPneumatization of the pterygoid process indicates either type 2 or type 3 vidian canal configuration.  相似文献   

14.
目的探讨内镜下迷路后入路小脑桥脑角区解剖标志与定位方法。方法在10例(20侧)成人头颅标本上模拟内镜下迷路后入路手术,观察内听道与桥脑小脑角区各组颅神经之间的关系,并测量相关数据。结果以外半规管水平上的后半规管后缘为标志点:后半规管后缘距内耳门后缘(15.89&#177;1.61)mm,距三叉神经下缘(27.43&#177;3.25)mm,距舌咽神经上缘(19.39&#177;2.57)mm;后半规管后缘-内耳门后缘连线与后半规管后缘-舌咽神经上缘连线的夹角为16.78&#176;&#177;2.06&#176;,后半规管后缘-内耳门后缘连线与后半规管后缘-三叉神经下缘连线的夹角为16.25&#176;&#177;2.88&#176;。结论内镜下迷路后入路小脑桥脑角区手术具有损伤小,暴露清晰,多角度观察等优点,对于显微外科手术是一种有效的辅助手段。  相似文献   

15.
目的研究蝶窦壁相关解剖结构的分区及空间定位,为经鼻内镜蝶鞍区手术提供立体解剖学依据。方法10具去脑颅底骨按九分区法划分蝶窦壁区域,测量蝶窦各壁之间相关的角度和距离参数;在1具新鲜完整尸头上模拟内镜下手术观察。结果视交叉平面-球形鞍底隆起角度为(121±8.52)°,海绵窦平面一鞍底平面角度为(129±9.35)°,斜坡凹陷平面-鞍底平面角度(124±7.54)°,颈内动脉视神经隐窝至鞍底移行处距离为(5.54±1.86)mm,至斜坡后缘的距离为(22.43±1.96)mm,至颈内动脉海绵窦段后曲部的距离为(15.86±2.13)mm;根据测量结果可建立起蝶窦壁九分区法的立体模型。结论蝶窦壁九分区法的立体模型,丰富了鼻内镜下蝶窦壁九分区法的内容,使其更加方便应用于手术。  相似文献   

16.
Anatomic variations of the sphenoid sinus on computed tomography   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
Anatomic variations of the vital structures adjacent to the sphenoid sinus can be jeopardized during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The knowledge of the size and extent of pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus (SS) is an important condition for adequate surgical treatment of its disease. The bony anatomic variations of SS as well as its relationship with adjacent vital structures were reviewed in this paper. The study was performed on 267 patients with a complaint of chronic or recurrent sinusitis. Computed tomographic (CT) scans were obtained upon completion of therapy. The evaluations of the sphenoid sinuses were regarded separately, so as 534 sides were examined. Especially bony anatomic variations as well as mucosal abnormalities of the sphenoid sinuses were examined. Pneumatization of the pterygoid process and anterior clinoid process were found in 39.7% and 17.2% of the patients respectively. Vidian canal protrusion was found in a total of 158 sides of which 60 were bilateral. These entities were encountered usually when pneumatization of the pterygoid process occurred. Carotid canal and optic canal protrusions were found in 5.2% and 4.1% of the patients respectively. Mucosal thickening, and polyps or cysts of sphenoid sinuses were detected in 20.6% and 4.5% of the patients respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between pterygoid pneumatization and vidian canal protrusion (p < 0.001), and vs. foramen rotundum protusion (p = 0.004). While the optic canal protrusion was found significantly associated with the anterior clinoid pneumatization (p < 0.001), there was no statistically significant correlation between a carotid canal protrusion and anterior clinoid pneumatization (p = 0.250). Sphenoid sinus surgery is very risky, because of changing variations of the cavity. We are in the opinion that detailed data from CT scans of SS will enable the surgeon to interpret any anatomic variations and pathological conditions before initiation of the surgical therapy.  相似文献   

17.
目的创建内镜下经上颌窦入路翼腭窝及颞下窝解剖模型,寻找内镜下咽旁间隙段颈内动脉的定位方法。方法 对100例成人行鼻、颅底CT扫描并用Mimics软件进行三维重建;在重建模型上分别测量犁骨后缘中点至颈内动脉相关解剖标志的角度和距离。同时对6具尸头于鼻内镜下经上颌窦联合入路解剖翼腭窝和颞下窝,以咽鼓管为中心向外、向后逐步暴露并定位咽旁间隙段颈内动脉。结果犁骨后缘中点至破裂孔、颈动脉管外孔、颈静脉孔的角度平均值分别为72.0°、57.6°、54.1°,犁骨后缘中点至以上各孔的距离平均值分别为13.65、31.81、32.5 mm,蝶骨角棘与颈动脉管外口前界平均距离为5.92 mm。结论鼻内镜下经鼻联合上颌窦开窗入路能充分的暴露翼腭窝和颞下窝结构。犁骨后根、蝶骨翼突、蝶骨角棘、卵圆孔和茎突是颈内动脉相关颅底解剖的重要标志;蝶骨角棘、骨性咽鼓管口为颈动脉管外口前界的重要骨性标志,术中不超越该界限有助于减少损伤咽旁间隙段颈内动脉。  相似文献   

18.
鼻内镜下视神经管的局部解剖与临床应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
目的:为鼻内镜下视神经管减压术的临床运用提供解剖学依据。方法:成人尸头湿性标本15例(30侧)视神经管,经鼻内镜下观察视神经管的局部解剖情况。结果:鼻内镜下测得前鼻棘到视神经管眶口内侧壁中点距离为(61.02±5.83)mm,前鼻棘到视神经管眶口内侧壁中点的角度为(45.1±4.81)°,视神经管的内侧壁最长,平均为(11.61±1.58)mm;视神经管外侧壁骨质最厚,内侧壁骨质最薄,内侧壁中又以眶口最厚。并且将观察所见应用于10例外伤性失明患者,效果满意。结论:鼻内镜下了解视神经管的局部解剖情况,对临床开展鼻内镜下视神经管减压术具有非常重要的意义。鼻内镜下视神经管减压术具有手术范围小,组织损伤轻,视野清晰,进路直接,术后处理简单,面部不留瘢痕等优点,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   

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