支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中的应用

目的探讨支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中应用的策略及临床效果。方法80例大咯血的患者在介入栓塞治疗前行支气管动脉CT血管造影（CTA）检查,在介入手术中寻找所有的出血动脉,并逐一进行栓塞治疗。68例患者栓塞治疗1周后复查支气管动脉CTA检查。对支气管动脉CTA在大咯血介入栓塞治疗中的应用效果进行回顾性总结评价。结果80例大咯血的患者在介入栓塞治疗前行支气管动脉CTA检查,共找到107支病变的出血动脉,介入手术中共找到118支出血动脉并成功栓塞治疗。术前支气管动脉CTA检查诊断的准确率为90．68％（107/118）。68例患者栓塞后治疗支气管动脉CTA检查显示所有已栓塞的支气管动脉栓塞效果良好。结论介入栓塞治疗前支气管动脉CTA检查可以为支气管动脉栓塞治疗中寻找出血动脉提供准确的定位作用。栓塞治疗后行支气管动脉CTA检查有利于对栓塞疗效的准确判定。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血研究现状

自１９８０年数字减影血管造影技术（digitalsub－tractionangiography，DSA）应用于开展介入放射学技术，使介入放射学迅速发展，既可以用于诊断又可用于治疗，并有了较为系统的理论和操作技术，被称之为继内科、外科后的第三学科。介入治疗技术已广泛应用于人体各个部位和器官，而对于胸部病变，虽病灶定位准，但血管较为复杂，变异多，插管难，并发症多且可能很严重。以下就有关文献综述其现状：１历史回顾１９６３年Viamonle成功实施了第一例选择性支气管动脉造影（Selectivebronchialarteriography，SBAG），１９７４年法国学者Rem…     

支气管动脉畸形致大咯血的血管造影检查和栓塞治疗

目的：探讨支气管动脉造影及栓塞术对支气管动脉畸形致大咯血的诊治价值。材料和方法：对7例不明原因的大咯血患者急诊或择期支气管动脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）检查，对异常血管用聚乙烯泡沫醇（PVA）颗粒或明胶海绵颗粒加钢圈栓塞。结果：共发现9支畸形支气管动脉，表现为一侧或双侧支气管动脉扭曲、分支增多，粗细不均，远端有弥漫造影剂浓染者3例，伴有一处或多处支气管动脉－肺动脉瘘者4例。除1例明胶海绵及钢圈栓塞患者1周内复发外，PVA栓塞者平均随访27．5月未见复发。结论：支气管动脉造影可明确致大咯血的支气管动脉畸形，栓塞治疗可望获得良好的远期疗效。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血

目的：探讨支气管动脉栓塞(BAE)治疗大咯血的临床应用价值。方法：57例大咯血患者支气管动脉插管造影明确病变血管后，经导管缓慢注入明胶海绵颗粒栓塞出血血管，18例患者使用微导管超选择性BAE治疗。结果：出血完全停止44例，出血量减少9例，无效4例，有效率92．9％。结论：支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血是一种安全、有效、操作简便、损伤小的治疗方法。     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血

目的：探讨支气管动脉栓塞术对各种原因所致大咯血的治疗效果。方法：7例患包括结核性支扩2例，肺癌1例，支气管扩张症4张，咯血史3天－2年，全部病例术前经胸部平片、CT诊断。术中，行选择性支气管动脉造影，确认病变部位后经导管送入栓塞材料，其中3例使用金属弹簧圈，4例使用明胶海棉。结果：全部患于栓塞前，咯血量50－1000ml/天，经栓塞后即刻止血。2例偶有痰中带血，随访1－14个月，无大咯血复发及并发症。结论：使用支气管动脉栓塞术是治疗大咯血的有效方法，成功率高，创伤小，临床效果满意。     

支气管动脉CTA对介入栓塞治疗咯血的指导及应用价值

目的探讨支气管动脉CT血管成像（CTA）对咯血介入治疗的指导作用及效果。 方法将34例咯血患者按介入栓塞治疗前是否行支气管动脉CTA检查分为单纯DSA组及术前CTA组,每组17例。比较两组检出可疑出血动脉情况、手术时间及术后一年复发率,分析术前CTA组的CTA血管检出率。 结果术前CTA组共检出可疑出血动脉28支,单纯DSA组检出31支,并全部予以栓塞。术前CTA组的手术时间为（28.33±7.68）min,低于单纯DSA组的（40.55±10.01）min,差异有统计学意义（t=4.03,P<0.05）。 结论支气管动脉CTA可以客观评价咯血相关血管的起源、数目及走形,可为术中寻找出血动脉提供准确的定位。并且能减少手术时间及医患人员的辐射剂量,避免漏栓,降低复发几率,对指导咯血的介入治疗有重要的临床应用价值。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗急性大咯血

急性大咯血是一种严重的急症，如抢救不及时，可危及患者的生命，传统内科止血疗法效果不十分理想且容易复发。我们采用支气管动脉栓塞方法，成功抢救了３例大咯血患者，取得满意效果，现报道如下。材料与方法男１例，女２例，年龄２８～５２岁。２例确诊为支气管扩张，患...     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血

目的 评价支气动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的疗效及影响因素。方法 对32例急性或顽固性大咯血（咯血量大于300ml）患者单纯采用明胶海绵栓塞支气管动脉止血。原发疾病包括肺结核18例，支气管扩张9例，肺癌5例。全部病例于栓塞治疗后经随访6-48个月。结果 31例（97%）即时止血，2例（6%）近期（2-3周）内复发，6例（18.7%）中远期（2月以上）复发，1例12h后急性大咯血窒息死亡。结论 单纯用明胶海绵栓塞支气管动脉治疗急性或顽固性大咯血疗效满意。近期复发与侧支循环有关，中远期复发可能与原发病及明胶海绵的吸收有关。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗急性大咯血的临床应用

目的评价选择性支气管动脉栓塞对治疗急性大咯血的效果。方法49例大咯血病人包括经临床与放射学证实的肺结核21例，支气管黏膜结核4例，支气管扩张18例，以及晚期肺癌6例，均经选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗。栓塞治疗后，全部病人经随访6个月至18个月。结果栓塞治疗后12h．49例中的46例(93．9％)被成功地止血，其余3例栓塞后再次咯血，再行栓塞治疗后，咯血停止。在随访6个月至18个月期间，除3例肺癌与1例肺结核偶有痰血外，未发生与栓塞治疗操作相关的严重并发症．结论选择性支气管动脉栓塞是目前治疗急性大咯血的一种较好方法，值得进一步推广应用。     

支气管动脉栓塞治疗大咯血的远期疗效分析

目的 探讨支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的远期疗效及影响疗效的因素.方法 对89例肺结核、5例肺癌、2例支气管扩张症所致大咯血共96例患者行支气管动脉栓塞术治疗,术后进行为期1～6年的追踪观察,对咯血有无复发、复发的时间、复发的原因、相应的治疗及效果进行了统计,采用生存分析的寿命表法对咯血控制率进行分析.结果 94例(97.9%)成功施行了支气管动脉栓塞术,术后即刻停止咯血.术后30 d、90 d、1年及2年的咯血控制率分别为93.6%(88/94)、86.2%(81/94)、81.9(77/94)及78.7%(74/94).术后30 d内咯血复发9例,复发的主要原因是漏栓和血管再通.30 d后咯血复发5例,90 d后复发2例,复发的主要原因与非支气管动脉体循环侧支循环形成、肺内病灶进展以及继发感染有关.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术在治疗肺结核咯血时疗效确切.防止漏栓、加主干双重栓塞、注重治疗病因、预防感染有助于提高支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的远期疗效.     

Ectopic origin of bronchial arteries: assessment with multidetector helical CT angiography

The purpose of this study was to determine non-invasively the frequency of ectopic bronchial arteries (BA) (i.e., bronchial arteries originating at a level of the descending aorta other than T5-T6 or from any aortic collateral vessel) on multidetector-row CT angiograms (CTA) obtained in patients with hemoptysis. Over a 5-year period (2000–2005), 251 consecutive patients with hemoptysis underwent multidetector-row CT angiography of the thorax. From this population, 37 patients were excluded because of a suboptimal CTA examination (n = 19), the presence of extensive mediastinal disease (n = 15) or severe chest deformation (n = 3) precluding any precise analysis of the bronchial arteries at CTA. Our final study group included 214 patients who underwent a thin-collimated CT angiogram (contrast agent: 300 to 350 mg/ml) on a 4- (n = 56), 16- (n = 119) and 64- (n = 39) detector-row scanner. The site of origin and distribution of bronchial arteries were analyzed on transverse CT scans, maximum intensity projections and volume-rendered images. The site of the ostium of a bronchial artery was coded as orthotopic when the artery originated from the descending aorta between the levels of the fifth and sixth thoracic vertebrae; all other bronchial arteries were considered ectopic. From the studied population, 137 (64%) patients had only orthotopic bronchial arteries, whereas 77 patients (36%) had at least one bronchial artery of ectopic origin. A total of 147 ectopic arteries were depicted, originating as common bronchial trunks (n = 23; 19%) or isolated right or left bronchial arteries (n = 101; 81%). The most frequent sites of origin of the 124 ostiums were the concavity of the aortic arch (92/124; 74%), the subclavian artery (13/124; 10.5%) and the descending aorta (10/124; 8.5%). The isolated ectopic bronchial arteries supplied the ipsilateral lung in all but three cases. Bronchial artery embolization was indicated in 26 patients. On the basis of CTA information, (1) bronchial embolization was attempted in 24 patients; it was technically successful in 21 patients (orthotopic BAs: 6 patients; orthotopic and ectopic BAs: 3 patients; ectopic BAs: 12 patients) and failed in 3 patients due to an instable catheterization of the ectopic BAs; the absence of additional bronchial arterial supply and no abnormalities of nonbronchial systemic arteries at CTA avoided additional arteriograms in these 3 patients; (2) owing to the iatrogenic risk of the embolization procedure of ectopic BAs, the surgical ligation of the abnormal vessels was the favored therapeutic option in 2 patients. This study enabled the depiction of ectopic bronchial arteries in 36% of the studied population, important anatomical information prior to therapeutic decision making.     

Transarterial microcatheter glue embolization of the bronchial artery for life-threatening hemoptysis: Technical and clinical results

Objectives

To report our experience with transarterial glue embolization of the bronchial artery for life-threatening hemoptysis.

Materials and methods

Twenty-five patients underwent bronchial artery embolization, using coaxial microcatheter technique, with a liquid agent, n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA), named glue, for life-threatening hemoptysis. The technical and clinical outcomes were followed in terms of immediate control of bleeding, recurrence of hemoptysis and complications of the procedure.

Results

Four patients had acute hemoptysis when they were evaluated. The average number of arteries embolized per patient was 2.9. BAEs were successful in controlling hemoptysis immediately in all 25 patients (100%) and in 24 patients (96%) at 1 month follow-ups. One patient had recurrent hemoptysis on the tenth day after embolization. The follow-up time ranged from 2 to 63 months (mean 14 months). Six patients (25%) died all as a result of their disease process. Bleeding recurred in 3 patients after 30 days (7th, 11th, 12th months). One patient had vomitting attacks with dysphagia after the procedure that lasted 24 h. Three patients had transient thoracic pain lasting 3-5 days. There were no procedure related spinal or vascular complications.

Conclusions

Glue embolization with microcatheter technique is a safe and effective treatment in cases of life-threatening hemoptysis with a very high rate of success and low rate of complications.     

超选择性支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的价值

目的 探讨肺结构大咯血行超选择性支气管动脉栓塞（ＳＢＡＥ）治疗的价值。方法 对４１例肺结构大咯血患者行ＳＢＡＥ,随访４￣５２个月。对复发大咯血患者再次行ＳＢＡＥ治疗。结果 ４１例患者即时止血３５例,即时止血率８５．３％。一次性栓塞治毹６例,治愈率６３．４％。复发１５例,复发率３６．６％,其中日咯血量５００ｍｌ以上患者复发充高于日咯血量５００ｍｌ以下者（Ｐ〈０．０５）;合并有壁空洞和（或）广泛纤维化