肝细胞癌射频消融术后疗效的CT及MRI评价研究现状

射频消融（RFA）是一种使肿瘤组织发生凝固性坏死的治疗手段。肝细胞癌RFA术后可能具有完全消融、肿瘤残余、局部肿瘤进展及新发肿瘤等不同的治疗效果。CT、MRI及功能MRI是评价肝细胞癌RFA术后疗效重要的影像学手段。正确认识肝细胞癌RFA术后不同疗效的影像学表现,对于及时、准确地发现术后肿瘤残余、局部肿瘤进展及新发肿瘤尤为重要。针对CT、MRI及功能MRI在肝细胞癌RFA术后疗效评价方面的应用研究进展予以综述。     

射频消融联合肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗肝癌的应用

以超声、CT等为主要引导方式的经皮射频消融(RFA)等局部热消融技术在肝癌治疗中发挥了重要的作用.然而,对血供丰富的较大肝癌疗效受限.经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)可有效减少肝癌的血供,并具有创伤小,适应证广,并发症少等特点,成为肝癌患者姑息治疗及术前、术后新辅助治疗的有效手段之一.因此,富血供肝肿瘤RFA治疗前应用TACE,通过栓塞肿瘤供血动脉造成肿瘤缺血,进而减少血流带走热量,可扩大消融范围提高RFA疗效,是肝癌RFA联合治疗常用的方法.本文针对RFA联合TACE治疗肝癌的应用现状及疗效进行综述.     

CT引导下经皮射频消融治疗肾上腺转移性肿瘤的初步疗效

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮射频消融(RFA)治疗肾上腺转移癌的近期疗效、安全性和不良反应.方法 肾上腺转移癌患者共19例,病灶总数24个,肿瘤直径为1.5-7.8 cm,平均直径3.5 cm.19例患者原发灶来源于肺癌6例,肝癌5例,肾癌5例,结肠癌3例.经RFA治疗3个月后行CT增强扫描评价肿瘤治疗效果.结果 上述24个病灶经消融治疗后,CT增强扫描显示20个肿瘤完全消融;其余4个病灶在治疗后仍有部分残留组织强化区,提示有残留肿瘤,未完全消融.5例患者出现血压波动,6例患者术后出现轻微疼痛,2例患者在术后出现一过性血尿.其余患者无严重并发症.结论 CT引导下RFA治疗肾上腺转移癌是一种安全、有效、并发症少的微创治疗方法.     

多电极射频消融治疗肝癌研究进展

对于不能手术切除的原发或继发性肝癌,目前常用的治疗方法有肝动脉栓塞化疗、经皮无水酒精注射、微波、激光、冷冻以及组织间高剂量率内照射和立体定向放射治疗等。本文介绍一种介入治疗肝癌的新方法-经皮多电极射频消融〔1〕(Percutaneousradiofrequencyablatio,PRFA) ,对其治疗肝癌的工作原理、实验研究、临床应用、适应证、并发证和疗效观察作一综述。1　工作原理射频消融(radiofrequencyablatio ,RFA)治疗肿瘤的原理与激光、微波及高强度超声治疗肿瘤相同,均是一种热损毁的方法。其依据是肿瘤细胞对热的耐受能力比正常细胞差〔2〕,…     

微创介入治疗在甲状腺良恶性结节的应用进展

随着现代超声技术的不断发展,超声引导下微创介入治疗以创伤小、定位精确、疗效好等优点,已广泛应用于临床治疗。常见的介入治疗方法包括:超声引导下经皮酒精消融(PEI)、激光消融(LA)、微波消融(MWA)、射频消融(RFA)、高强度聚焦超声消融(HIFU)。本文就甲状腺结节的超声引导介入治疗的适应证及禁忌证、原理、疗效以及并发症的研究进展进行综述。     

无水酒精注射术联合射频消融术与单纯射频消融术治疗小肝癌的疗效比较

目的比较无水酒精注射术（PEI）联合射频消融术（RFA）治疗方案与单纯RFA治疗小肝癌的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2006年1月～2008年1月进行的68例小肝癌射频消融治疗患者的临床资料。68例中37例行PEI联合RFA术,31例行单纯RFA术。比较两组肿瘤完全消融率,复发率,复发时间,术后1、2、3年生存率等情况。结果 PEI联合RFA组肿瘤完全消融率91.89%,局部复发率10.81%,局部复发时间（14.22±3.48）月,1、2、3年的生存率分别为89.19%、81.08%和72.97%。单纯RFA组肿瘤完全消融率70.97%,局部复发率32.26%,局部复发时间（9.15±2.68）月,1、2、3年的生存率87.10%、77.42%和48.39%。PEI联合RFA组在肿瘤完全消融率、局部复发率、复发时间、术后3年生存率方面好于单纯RFA组。结论 PEI联合RFA治疗小肝癌疗效优于单纯RFA治疗,在小肝癌的治疗中有重要临床应用价值。     

多电极组合穿刺在较大肝癌射频消融中的应用

目的 总结应用多电极组合布针+多位点叠合射频消融(RFA)治疗较大肝癌(肿瘤最大直径>4 cm)的疗效,探讨电极针应用数量和布针方式与疗效的关系.方法 2006年2月到2008年12月,共对113例失去手术机会的较大肝癌患者实施了超声引导下经皮肝RFA.所有肿瘤按大小分成A、B、C、D 4组.A组肿瘤直径4.0-5.0 cm;B组肿瘤直径5.1-6.0 cm;C组肿瘤直径6.1～7.0 cm:D组肿瘤直径7.1-9.3 cm.根据肿瘤不同直径决定应用的电极针数量及消融位点数目.术后随访评估治疗后肿瘤凝固性坏死结果及局部复发状况.结果 RFA后2个月内首次复查,A、B、C、D 4组患者的完全消融率分别为88.4%,78.6%,63.6%和40.O%,总体完全消融率为79.7%.随访3～36个月,A、B、C、D组的局部复发率分别为5.5%,10.O%,28.6%和50.O%,总体局部复发率为10.5%.残留以及局部复发的肿瘤根据不同情况接受再次RFA、TACE或放疗.结论 多电极组合布针+多位点叠合RFA治疗较大肝癌疗效确切,简单实用,但最好结合其他治疗方式以提高完全消融率.     

肿瘤射频消融:电极的类型和消融灶的特点

在早期,由于受射频电极周围被消融组织炭化和气化的影响,射频消融(RFA)范围小于1.8 cm,难以满足临床对实体性肿瘤RFA治疗的要求.随着RFA设备和电极的不断改进,消融范围不断扩大,更好地满足了临床上对肿瘤RFA治疗的需要,为不能或不愿外科手术的恶性肿瘤患者提供了新的治疗手段.本文就射频电极的类型及消融灶的特点做一...     

射频消融术和131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗治疗肺癌

射频消融(RFA)被认为是一种新型的肺癌病灶局部控制的微创治疗方法,具有方法操作简便、安全可靠、无全身不良反应、对肺癌有较高局部控制率等优点,但对于瘤体负荷较大的肿瘤病灶(如肿瘤直径3 cm以上)治疗风险大、疗效欠佳.以变性和(或)坏死的肿瘤细胞核抗原作为结合靶点的新型放射免疫治疗即131I标记的基因重组肿瘤细胞核单抗的肿瘤坏死治疗法为肿瘤的治疗提供了新途径,然而131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗治疗肺癌的完全缓解率低.RFA扩大了肿瘤坏死区而有效增加了 131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗结合的靶点,故RFA联合 131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗治疗可望明显提高对肺癌的治疗效果.     

射频消融术和131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗治疗肺癌

射频消融(RFA)被认为是一种新型的肺癌病灶局部控制的微创治疗方法,具有方法操作简便、安全可靠、无全身不良反应、对肺癌有较高局部控制率等优点,但对于瘤体负荷较大的肿瘤病灶(如肿瘤直径3 cm以上)治疗风险大、疗效欠佳.以变性和(或)坏死的肿瘤细胞核抗原作为结合靶点的新型放射免疫治疗即131I标记的基因重组肿瘤细胞核单抗的肿瘤坏死治疗法为肿瘤的治疗提供了新途径,然而131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗治疗肺癌的完全缓解率低.RFA扩大了肿瘤坏死区而有效增加了 131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗结合的靶点,故RFA联合 131I-肿瘤细胞核人鼠嵌合单抗治疗可望明显提高对肺癌的治疗效果.     

Radiofrequency ablation of renal tumors

Percutaneous thermal ablation is increasingly applied in the therapy of renal tumors. Various techniques are available, allowing a safe and accurate therapy of renal tumors either using hyperthermia such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), laser-induced thermotherapy (LITT) and microwave ablation (MW) or by hypothermia (cryoablation). As thermal ablation is a minimally invasive and nephron-sparing procedure, it is ideally suited for patients with a single kidney, multiple tumors or contraindications for resective surgery. Although cryotherapy is the most extensively studied technique, RFA has become the most accepted thermal ablation technique over the last years. Modern RFA probes allow ablation volumes between 2 and 5 cm in diameter. A major advantage of RFA is the ability to avoid tract bleeding and tumor seeding by coagulating the puncture channel during RF probe withdrawal. The increasing number of clinical reports on RFA of the kidney show the promising potential of renal RFA for minimally invasive tumor treatment. Due to its technical benefits, RFA seems to be advantageous when compared to cryoablation or laser ablation. However, there are no long-term follow-up or comparative data proving an equal effectiveness to surgery.     

Radiofrequency Ablation of Cancer

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been used for over 18 years for treatment of nerve-related chronic pain and cardiac arrhythmias. In the last 10 years, technical developments have increased ablation volumes in a controllable, versatile, and relatively inexpensive manner. The host of clinical applications for RFA have similarly expanded. Current RFA equipment, techniques, applications, results, complications, and research avenues for local tumor ablation are summarized.     

Saline Infusion Markedly Reduces Impedance and Improves Efficacy of Pulmonary Radiofrequency Ablation

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a relatively new technique that has been investigated for the treatment of lung tumors. We evaluated for the first time the in vivo use of saline infusion during radiofrequency ablation of sheep lung. We performed RFA on 5 sheep using open and closed chest RFA and the RITA starburst XL and Xli probes using saline infusion with the Xli probe. The impedance and volume of ablation were compared. A total of 16 ablations were produced, 5 percutaneously and 11 open. The impedance during percutaneous and open RFA without saline infusion was 110 +/- 16.2 and 183.3 +/- 105.8 ohms, respectively. With the saline infusion the impedance was 71.3 +/- 22 ohms and 103.6 +/- 37.5 ohms. The effect of this was significantly larger volume of ablation using the saline infusion during percutaneous RFA (90.6 +/- 23 cm3 vs 10.47 +/- 2.9 cm3, p = 0.01) and open RFA (107.8 +/- 25.8 cm3 vs 24.9 +/- 19.3 cm3, p = 0.0002). Saline infusion during RFA is associated with lower impedance, higher power delivery and larger lesion size.     

肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融术后PET-CT早期复查的临床价值

目的 探讨肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融术后早期行18F脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET-CT复查的临床应用价值.方法 15例行射频消融术的肝脏恶性肿瘤患者均在术前2周内行全身PET-CT检查,并于术后24 h内行肝区PET-CT复查(早期PET-CT复查),了解消融效果.术后早期PET-CT复查,原病灶区影像上所显示的完全放射性缺损、局部核素浓聚及病灶周围环形核素浓聚分别代表肿瘤彻底坏死、局部肿瘤残留及病灶周围正常肝组织炎症反应.然后分别于术后1、3、6个月行PET-CT复查,6个月以后每隔半年复查一次.以最终的PET-CT检查结果为参考.结果 PET-CT早期复查影像显示,12例患者在原肿瘤病灶区表现为完全性放射性缺损,影像随访证实均无肿瘤组织残留;2例表现为病灶边缘结节状的核素浓聚,影像随访证实为残余瘤,并再次治疗干预;1例可见环形轻微核素浓聚,影像随访证实为炎症反应.结论 早期PET-CT复查影像,可以避开术后炎症反应的干扰、明确消融范围,能够及时、准确地评价肝脏恶性肿瘤射频消融术的效果,帮助临床制定进一步的治疗方案.     

MRI-guided radiofrequency ablation of breast cancer: preliminary clinical experience

This study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of MRI-guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of breast cancer. A total of three women diagnosed with invasive ductal breast cancer were treated with percutaneous MRI-guided RFA, according to a treat and resect protocol, in our hospital. RFA procedures were performed in an open 0.5T Signa-SP imager allowing direct patient access and real-time monitoring of the procedure. In all patients ablation was performed with a 15-gauge insulated MRI-compatible multiple needle probe. MRI thermometry and contrast-enhanced postablation MRI were used to evaluate the ablation process. Patients underwent lumpectomy within a week of the RFA procedure. Histopathology confirmed successful (100%) tumor ablation in one patient, and partial tumor destruction (33% and 50%, respectively) in two patients. Challenges of MRI-guided breast RFA that need to be solved to facilitate progress of the technique toward clinical practice are discussed.     

Renal cell carcinoma radiofrequency ablation: evaluation of efficacy based on histological correlation

Percutaneous image-guided ablation with the use of radiofrequency has recently received much attention as a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of solid malignancies. Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were among the first extrahepatic tumours to be targeted with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). The aim of this study is to present the efficacy of RFA in RCC and the factors that have an impact on the attained necrosis with regards to the histological findings.     

骨肿瘤射频消融治疗研究进展

射频消融(RFA)是一项局部、微创治疗,近年来被越来越多的应用到骨肿瘤治疗中,RFA对于缓解失去手术机会的骨转移性病灶引起的疼痛是安全有效的.并可通过联合骨水泥成形术加固消融部位,防止病理性骨折的发生.为临床无法采用其他方法治疗的骨肿瘤患者提供了一项有效的治疗选择.     

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma in the presence of portal vein thrombosis

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) may not be an absolute contraindication for hepatic radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Although the data are sparse, PVT is commonly considered a contraindication to RFA. PVT has actually been described as a complication following RFA. RFA was used to treat a 3.9×2.9 cm primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a patient with concomitant PVT without complication. RFA can be safely performed in this setting but further studies could clarify this issue.