不同剂量促红细胞生成素防治早产儿贫血临床观察

目的评价不同剂量的重组人类促红细胞生成素(rHuEPO)防治早产儿贫血的效果,寻找最佳剂量。方法将152例胎龄<35周,体重<2.5 kg的早产儿随机分为大剂量组、中剂量组、小剂量组和对照组,分别于生后7 d接受rHuEPO治疗,剂量分别为每周750、450、150 U/kg,分3次给予皮下注射,共4周。各组均于第3周开始口服铁剂2~8/mg(kg.d)。观察各组早产儿血红蛋白(Hb),红细胞压积(HCT),网积红细胞,血清铁的动态变化。结果各组早产儿Hb、HCT均逐渐下降,但对照组下降明显大于其他各组,P<0.01,大剂量组下降幅度最小。对照组网积红细胞逐渐下降,各治疗组于第2周末逐渐上升,尤以大剂量组为明显,P<0.05。对照组有9例输血,小剂量组有4例输血,其他各组无输血,差异有显著性,P<0.01。各组血清铁生后均呈下降趋势,但治疗期间对照组下降较其他各组慢,P<0.05。结论rHuEPO能防治早产儿贫血,且大剂量较小剂量效果好。     

重组人类促红细胞生成素防治早产儿贫血的临床研究

目的探讨重组人类促红细胞生成素(rHu-Epo)防治早产儿贫血的疗效.方法将33例早产儿按入院次序分成治疗组17例,对照组16例.治疗组出生第1周即予rHu-Epo500IU*kg-1*w-1,隔日1次,每周3次皮下注射,共5周;对照组未予rHu-Epo治疗.两组早产儿生后第3周开始口服铁剂[元素铁5mg*kg-1*d-1],必要时输血,共观察7周.结果治疗组第2周开始网织红细胞较对照组明显升高(P＜0.01),第3周后渐下降但与对照组比较仍有显著差异(P＜0.05);两组患儿出生后Hb均渐下降,但治疗组程度较轻,最低Hb值较对照组高(P＜0.01),达最低Hb值的时间较对照组早(P＜0.01).治疗组血清铁蛋白第2周开始较对照组低(P＜0.01).治疗组输血率与对照组比较明显减少(P＜0.05).观察期末治疗组早产儿体重增长的速率较对照组高(P＜0.05).结论早期大剂量rHu-Epo能减轻早产儿贫血的程度,减少或避免输血;体内充足的铁储备是确保rHu-Epo疗效的重要因素.     

不同剂量的重组人类促红细胞生成素在防治早产儿贫血中的应用

本研究应用不同剂量的重组人类促红细胞生成素(ｒｅｃｏｍｂｉｎａｎｔｈｕｍａｎｅｒｙｔｈｒｏｐｏｉｅｔｉｎ ,ｒｈＥｐｏ)防治早产儿贫血 ,以期探讨其在治疗早产儿贫血中的临床意义及最适剂量。对象及方法1 病例选择 :1996年 3月 1日～ 1999年 6月 30日 ,所有生后 2 4ｈ内入我院新生儿病房的早产儿 ,符合下列标准 :胎龄 <35周 ;出生体重≤ 180 0ｇ ;出生时无贫血、红细胞增多症、母子血型不合、感染及先天性疾患 ;病情相对稳定 ,血压正常。符合上述标准者共 75例。随机连续分为对照组和治疗 1组 [ｒｈＥｐｏ的剂量 75Ｕ (ｋｇ·周 ) ]、…     

促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血的临床研究

目的 观察重组人类促红细胞生成素(rh-EPO)防治早产儿贫血的疗效。方法 将46例早产儿按入 院顺序随机分为治疗组和对照组各23例,治疗组用rh-EPO每周600 IU／kg,隔天1次,皮下注射共6周,加常规治 疗(维生素E 25 mg／d,维生素C 0.2 g／d,元素铁每天6 mg／kg),必要时输血,对照组仅用常规治疗。结果 治疗后 治疗组网织红细胞计数(Ret)较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);两组早产儿出生后血红蛋白(Hb)均逐渐下降,但治疗 组下降缓慢,治疗结束后两组差异非常显著(P<0.001);血清铁水平在治疗期间治疗组明显低于对照组(P <0.01);治疗结束后差异缩小(P<0.05);治疗组输血率(13.04％)较对照组(52.17％)明显减少(P<0.01)。结论 rh-EPO能有效防治早产儿贫血,无明显副作用。     

促红细胞生成素在早产儿贫血治疗中的研究进展

早产儿贫血是儿科常见问题,所有早产 儿生后前几周均经历血红蛋白（Hb）的下降, 且出生体重愈低,出现愈早,程度愈严重,持 续时间也愈长,临床常有组织缺氧的表现:如 苍白、气急、喂养困难、体重不增、少动或淡 漠（1）等,严重影响了早产儿的生长发育,并且 必需靠输血维持机体足够的氧转运,据统计（2,3）,出生2周内的极低出生体重儿,60％　以上接受过输血,由于输血常并发溶血、感　染、过敏、高血钾、移植物抗宿主反应等不良　反应（1,4）,迫使人们寻找安全有效的防治早产     

促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血的疗效评定

为了验证人基因重组促红细胞生成素注射剂(EPO)对早产儿贫血的治疗效果,将53例早产儿贫血患儿随机分为EPO治疗组(31例)和对照组(22例),治疗组予以EPO 200IU/kg皮下注射,每周2次,8周后两组间外周血血红蛋白、红细胞、红细胞压积出现显著性差异(P＜0.001),治疗组上述指标均显著高于对照组,且无明显副作用,说明EPO治疗早产儿贫血安全有效.     

促红细胞生成素治疗早产儿贫血的疗效评定

为了验证人基因重组促红细胞生成素注射剂（EPO）对早产儿贫血的治疗效果，将53例早产儿贫血患儿随机分为EPO治疗组（31例）和对照组（22例），治疗组予以EPO 200IU／kg皮下注射，每周2次，8周后两组间外周血血红蛋白、红细胞、红细胞压积出现显著性差异（P＜0．001），治疗组上述指标均显著高于对照组，且无明显副作用，说明EPO治疗早产儿贫血安全有效。     

重组人促红细胞生成素预治早产儿贫血的临床研究

为探讨重组人促红细胞生成素 (r HuEPO)防治早产儿贫血的疗效 ,将 5 2例早产儿按入院顺序随机分成治疗组 2 7例 ,对照组 2 5例。治疗组于生后 1周内给予rHu EPO 2 0 0IU/(kg·w) ,一周两次 ,皮下注射 ,共 6周 ;对照组未予rHu EPO。两组早产儿均给予口服铁剂 ,元素铁 3mg/(kg·d) ,每周增加 2mg/(kg·d) ,维生素E 2 5mg/d。必要时输血 ,共观察 7周。结果显示 :两组早产儿生后其血红蛋白值 (Hb)均逐渐下降 ,但程度不同。治疗组程度较轻 ,于第 6周时降至最低点 (118 0 4± 9 5 6g/L) ,第 7周时开始上升 ;治疗结束时二者差异显著 (P <0 0 0 1)。治疗组与第 2周开始网织红细胞计数 (Ret)较对照组明显升高 (P <0 0 0 1) ,于第 3周达到峰值 ,治疗结束时两组Ret无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。治疗组血清铁 (SI)第 2周时较对照组明显降低(P <0 0 0 1) ,第 4周时降至最低 (8 76± 1 84umol L) ,治疗结束时两组SI无明显差异(P >0 0 5 )。治疗组输血率 (7 4% )较对照组 (3 6% )明显减少 (P <0 0 5 )。两组早产儿治疗结束时体重无明显差异 (P >0 0 5 )。观察期间未发现明显副作用。结论 ,早期应用 (生后 1周以内 )rHu EPO能有效地减轻早产儿的贫血程度 ,并减少输血次数。     

早产儿贫血的1年转归

目的对不同胎龄早产儿的血红蛋白（Hb）水平进行1年的动态监测,为早产儿贫血的综合防治提供依据。方法2005年1月至2012年12月中日友好医院新生儿科收治的早产儿。以胎龄是否满34周为界分为早期早产儿组和晚期早产儿组,门诊随访1年。对两组早产儿Hh值和贫血发生率进行比较。结果（1）两组早产儿Hb水平都是在生后1．5个月降至最低值（分别为99．7±16．9g／L和108．0±18．0g／L）,之后晚期早产儿组持续上升,而早期早产儿组在3个月时出现第二次下降（97．2±22．5g／L）。（2）两组早产儿的Hb平均值在生后1．5、2、3、4个月龄时差异有显著性（均为P〈0．05）。生后2、3、4、6个月龄时的贫血发生率差异有显著性（均为P〈0．05）。结论早期早产儿贫血持续时间可长达3—4个月;应该重视早产儿1岁以内贫血的随访。     

Successful treatment of neonatal rhesus hemolytic anemia with high doses of recombinant human erythropoietin

The authors report the use of high-dose recombinant erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) in a full-term newborn baby with severe postnatal rhesus hemolytic anemia (RHA). Hemoglobin (Hb) value and reticulocyte count at day 13 of life were 59 g/L and 234 x 10(9)/L, respectively. Three days after the r-HuEPO (870 U/kg/d) administration, reticulocyte count had increased more than 4-fold and Hb rose to 73 g/L. r-HuEPO was gradually decreased after 18 days of treatment. No major side effect was observed. In selected cases of severe anemia due to hemolytic disorders, transfusions may be avoided by the use of high doses of r-HuEPO.     

Vitamin E concentrations in term and preterm newborns and their clinical course

Vitamin E deficiency in premature infants has been described as being associated with low hemoglobin levels in the 2nd month of life. Recently, low vitamine E concentrations were suspected as being associated with sudden death in infancy. As vitamin E is absorbed incompletely from the premature's intestine, vitamin E levels in the serum were determined in 80 prematures on the 10th day of life. The result was correlated to the clinical course of the infants and to the hemoglobin levels up to the 30th day.Low concentrations of vitamin E and lower hemoglobin levels were found more frequently in newborns, whose clinical course was characterized by additional complications and who received parenteral nutrition. A group of uncomplicated newborns showed no correlation of vitamin E to hemoglobin values. Thus early diagnosis of vitamin E-dependent anemia is not possible and the usefulness of vitamin E should be investigated only in newborns with an uneventful clinical course.Auszugsweise vorgetragen anläßlich der 24. Tagung der Nordwestdeutschen Gesellschaft für Kinderheilkunde, Kiel, 6.-8. 6. 1975.     

早产儿血清维生素E浓度测定

目的　测定早产儿维生素E的二种异构体α 生育酚和γ 生育酚的血清浓度,探讨早产儿体内维 生素E的水平。方法　选取早产儿、正常足月儿各16例,采用库仑阵列电化学法检测血清中维生素E水平。结果 与正常足月儿对比,早产儿血清α 生育酚浓度(217±120ng/mLvs411±284ng/mL)和γ 生育酚浓度(889±460 ng/mLvs2177±1031ng/mL)明显降低,差异有显著性意义(均P<0.05)。结论　早产儿体内维生素E储藏量相 对较少,容易发生维生素E缺乏。早产儿出生后应及时补充维生素E。     

母乳喂养早产儿血清维生素E水平动态变化

目的：探讨母乳喂养健康早产儿血清维生素E水平的动态变化以及临床对于健康早产儿是否需要常规补给维生素E。方法：38例母乳喂养的健康早产儿随机分成干预组(n=20)和对照组(n=18),干预组早产儿于出生当天第1次采血后每天给予维生素E 50 mg肌肉注射,连续3 d;对照组不给予维生素E。用荧光分光光度计测定两组早产儿出生后0,10,30 d的血清维生素E水平,并作比较分析。结果：两组早产儿出生时血清维生素E水平,干预组1.64±0.68 mg/dL;对照组1.76±0.74 mg/dL差异无显著性(P>0.05);两组早产儿在生后10 d时血清维生素E均呈升高趋势,干预组2.54±1.23 mg/d l,对照组2.64±1.13 mg/dL,两组间差异无显著性,(P>0.05)。生后30 d时,干预组血清维生素E仍维持原增高水平,而对照组血清维生素E呈下降趋势,干预组2.77±1.56 mg/dL,对照组为2.37±1.07两组差异无显著性(P>0.05)。各时间点,两组早产儿血清维生素E均高于0.5 mg/dL(范围0.59~6.45 mg/dL)。结论：母乳喂养健康早产儿生后30 d内血清维生素E与用维生素E干预组比较无显著差别,且两组早产儿都无维生素E缺乏发生。故认为对于母乳喂养早产儿无需常规补给维生素E。[中国当代儿科杂志,2005,7(6):503-505]     

Serum concentrations of vitamin E in healthy infants fed commercial milks

Serum vitamin E concentrations were determined in 60 term and 26 premature infants during the first 2 months of life. All infants received commercial milk formula containing vitamin E. In addition, premature infants older than 10 days were given vitamin E orally as a multivitamin preparation. Thus, daily intake of vitamin E was nearly 1.2 mg/kg body weight in term infants and 2–3 mg/kg body weight in premature infants.In term infants serum levels of vitamin E rose from 2.6 mg/l (cord blood) to 7.0 mg/l (3rd–13th day) and 9.1 mg/l (16th–25th day) and remained at 10 mg/l (in the second month of life). Hemoglobin concentration and red cell number decreased continuously due to physiological anemia of infancy. In premature infants mean values of vitamin E were the same as in term infants. Vitamin E deficiency with hemolytic anemia could be demonstrated in a 2 months old infant suffering from cystic fibrosis.Dedicated to Prof. Dr. H.-R. Wiedemann on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Plasma vitamin E levels and vitamin E/β-lipoprotein relationships in small preterm infants during the early anemia of prematurity

The vitamin E status of AGA preterm infants (birth weights1500 g) was studied during the first 10 weeks of life. The total polyunsaturated fatty acid content of the diet was 12%, and medicinal iron was given from 4 weeks of age. Plasma vitamin E concentrations correlated significantly with -lipoprotein levels in the infants not supplemented with tocopherol. The low plasma vitamin E levels observed in these infants thus reflect the low transport capacity of the plasma, and do not necessarily signify vitamin E deficiency. Erythrocytes from the preterm infants showed increased hemolysis in the hydrogen peroxide hemolysis test, also when the plasma tocopherol levels were above 11.6 mol/l; and for the same level of tocopherol, the degree of hemolysis varied considerably. This indicates that factors other than the tocopherol concentrations influence this test. When glucose was added to the cells during the test the hemolysis decreased. A group of infants supplemented with 7.5 IU water-soluble tocopherol/day showed satisfactory median levels of the vitamin, both when assessed as plasma vitamin E concentrations and as vitamin E/-lipoprotein ratios. However, some infants had low plasma concentrations and ratios, particularly at 4 weeks of age. This indicates that this supplementary dose is insufficient when a water-soluble preparation is used. A very wide range of plasma vitamin E concentrations was observed in the supplemented infants. A word of caution against too vigorous supplementation in small preterm infants is therefore warranted.with the technical assistance of Sissel Kran     

促红细胞生成素治疗新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病疗效观察

目的：通过对促红细胞生成素（EPO）治疗中度、重度新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）的疗效观察,了解EPO对神经的保护作用及对新生儿HIE预后的影响。方法：将70例中、重度HIE新生儿随机分为治疗组（35例）和对照组（35例）,其中治疗组中度HIE 22例,重度HIE 13例;对照组中度HIE 24例,重度HIE 11例;同时选取同一时期健康足月儿35例作为正常组。对照组给予常规治疗。除常规治疗外,治疗组给予静脉注射EPO 每日200 IU/kg,每周3次,每6 d查血常规1次,根据血常规结果调整EPO剂量,总疗程为2～4周。所有患儿于28日龄时进行NBNA评分,3月、6月龄时进行智能发育测评（CDCC）。结果：治疗组28日龄NBNA评分正常者比例高于对照组(P<0.05),但仍低于正常组(P<0.01)。3月龄CDCC评分（包括MDI、PDI评分）治疗组正常者比例高于对照组（P<0.05）,但低于正常组（P<0.01）。6月龄CDCC评分治疗组正常者比例高于对照组(P<0.05), 治疗组MDI评分正常者比例与正常组相比较,差异无统计学意义,但PDI评分正常者比例仍低正常组(P<0.05)。结论：EPO可保护因缺氧缺血损害的神经细胞,促进中、重度HIE新生儿大脑发育。     

No response to recombinant human erythropoietin therapy in patients with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I

Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA) type I is a rare inherited bone marrow disorder characterized by moderate to severe macrocytic anemia with pathognomonic cytopathology of nucleated red blood cells. Previous studies have suggested that serum erythropoietin levels in affected patients are lower than expected for the degree of anemia. An earlier study demonstrated a substantial increase in the number of CFU-E in CDA type I pattern on addition of exogenous erythropoietin. The present study reports on the response to recombinant human erythropoietin in 8 patients with CDA type I. Eighteen weeks of treatment, starting at 300 IU/kg twice a week and gradually increasing to 500 IU/kg three times a week, did not have a substantial effect on the mean hemoglobin value. These results indicate that recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is not beneficial to patients with CDA type I and that the relatively low levels of serum erythropoietin probably play no major role in the pathogenesis of the disease.     

Comparison of the effects of theophylline and caffeine on serum erythropoietin concentration in premature infants

Theophylline administration has been shown to attenuate erythropoietin (EP) production in adults; the effect of caffeine is not known. Our aim was to determine whether caffeine and theophylline had similar effects on EP production in the premature newborn. If caffeine was found to have a greater effect, this would influence prescribing habits. Fifty preterm infants (mean gestational age 28 weeks) who had clinically significant apnoea were randomized to receive theophylline (4 mg/kg then 2 mg/kg twice daily) or caffeine (10 mg/kg then 2.5 mg/kg once daily). The methylxanthines were continued at least until discharge from the NICU and the dosage altered to keep the levels within the therapeutic range. As an assessment of EP production, serum EP concentrations were measured. Blood for EP, haemoglobin, reticulocyte count, theophylline and caffeine levels was obtained prior to treatment and at least during weeks 3 and 7. There was no significant difference in the mean EP level in the two groups taken prior to treatment at a median age of 2 days of life. There were similar falls in haematocrit and haemoglobin in the two groups during the study period compared to pre-treatment values. At that time, however, the median reticulocyte count was higher in the caffeine compared to the theophylline treated infants (P < 0.05). This was associated with a rise compared to baseline (median 10.0–0.2 mU/ml) in the mean EP levels in the caffeine group and a decrease from a median of 10.1 to 8.3 mU/ml in the theophylline group, but the EP levels in the two groups at week 7 did not differ significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that caffeine does not have a greater impact than theophylline on EP production. Received: 14 April 1997 / Accepted in revised form: 10 September 1997