内皮抑素抑制脉络膜新生血管基因治疗的研究进展

脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization, CNV)又称视网膜下新生血管,是来自脉络膜毛细血管的增殖血管穿过Bruch膜,在Bruch膜与视网膜色素上皮之间增殖所成,这种病变多发生于黄斑视网膜神经上皮下,造成严重视力损害.它是年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration, AMD)等多种眼底疾病的病理基础,其发病率高,至今尚无有效的治疗方法,目前CNV的临床治疗有激光光凝、光动力疗法、经瞳孔温热疗法、手术剥离CNV,黄斑转位手术及放射治疗等,但复发率高、不可避免损伤正常眼组织结构、加重或诱发玻璃体视网膜增殖、造成视功能进一步恶化等.因此,寻求抑制视网膜和脉络膜新生血管生成的药物疗法,是当前眼科学临床上急需解决的一个问题.     

脉络膜新生血管的发生与治疗

脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)常发生于黄斑区,许多疾病可以产生CNV,如年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)、中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜炎、眼底血管样条纹、高度近视眼等.CNV一旦生成,能引起视网膜的反复出血和渗出,最终导致瘢痕形成和视力丧失.     

脉络膜新生血管动物模型的研究进展

脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)是许多脉络膜视网膜疾病,如渗出性年龄相关性黄斑变性、高度近视性黄斑变性等发生发展中的重要病理机制。CNV动物模型的建立是研究这些疾病确切发病机理的重要前提。作者主要通过激光光凝术和视网膜下注射诱导两种方法对近年来CNV动物模型制作进展作一综述。     

光动力学疗法治疗脉络膜新生血管的护理配合

脉络膜新生血管病因不明,常继发于年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）、中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变（CEC）、病理性近视（PM）等眼底病变。CNV通常位于黄斑中心凹下或中心凹旁,反复出血,渗出、最终形成疤痕中心视力丧失,     

老年黄斑变性与文化程度相关的病例对照研究

老年黄斑变性是一种视网膜黄斑区的退行性病变,其发病率随年龄的增长而逐渐升高,因此被称为年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degenera-tion,AMD)。临床上通常将有软性玻璃膜疣、色素异常和地图样萎缩的AMD称作干性AMD,而将有     

PEDF与眼科疾病

新生血管形成是多种眼科疾病如增殖性糖尿病性视网膜病变(PDR)、年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)和早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)等的常见并发症,它可以导致纤维化以及视力需要的精密组织的破裂和出血。因此,抑制新生血管的形成可能成为治疗上述疾病的有效途径。色素上皮衍生因子(psmcntepith     

光动力疗法治疗脉络膜新生血管性疾病的临床观察

目的探究在脉络膜新生血管性疾病(特发性脉络膜新生血管疾病、病理性近视、湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性)治疗中应用光动力疗法的临床效果。方法选择我院在2009年4月至2016年7月期间收治的脉络膜新生血管性疾病患者74例(85眼)作为研究对象,均采用光动力疗法进行治疗,对治疗前后患者的黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度、病灶大小及渗漏情况及视力进行观察。结果 22例(24眼)为特发性脉络膜新生血管疾病,12例(14眼)为病理学近视,40例(47眼)为湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性。经过6个月的治疗,以上三组最佳矫正视力稳定及提升率分别为95.83%、92.86%、91.49%;脉络膜新生血管渗漏减少及停止三组分别为75.00%、64.29%、61.70%;与治疗前相比黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度减轻的患者分别为91.67%、78.57%、93.62%。结论在脉络膜新生血管性疾病治疗中应用光动力疗法治疗效果确切,对病变进展可有效控制,值得在临床上应用推广。     

脉络膜新生血管性疾病的治疗进展

脉络膜新生血管(CNV)是眼内新生血管的重要表现形式之一,与眼部多种疾病有关,如年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD),特发性脉络膜视网膜炎、眼组织胞浆菌病、高度近视黄斑变性,以及眼部肿瘤和眼外伤等,其中AMD是发达国家老年人视力丧失的首要原因。CNV常累及黄斑,引起反复出血、渗出、瘢痕形成,严重损害中心视力,迄今为止,CNV相关疾病的治疗仍是眼科学研究领域的热点之一。激光是治疗典型中心旁和中心外CNV的首选方法,但根据MPS标准,只有13%~26%的CNV适合激光治疗,且其中至少一半的CNV在2年内后残留或复发。光凝医源性视网膜损伤导致中心视力丧失,使激光治疗中心凹下CNV受到争议。新的治疗手段应在消除CNV的同时,保持视网膜的完好性。本文着重就各种新治疗方法的作用机理、疗效、安全性以及适应症等进行阐述。     

光动力疗法在眼科治疗中的应用与护理配合

光动力疗法(photodynamic therapy,PDT)被广泛应用于年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)、中心性渗出性脉络膜视网膜病变、病理性近视(PM)、眼部肿瘤、脉络膜新生血管、孤立性脉络膜血管瘤、息肉状脉络膜血管病变、眼外伤等治疗.其原理为光敏剂可以在新生血管增生活跃的组织中选择性的凝聚和滞留,利用这种特性,通过固定波长的激光照射产生的光敏剂化学反应,可以破坏目标组织血管从而达到治疗目的.我院作为海南省十大民生工程建设医院,自2012年首次引入光动力疗法.     

年龄相关性黄斑变性的治疗进展

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)引起脉络膜新生血管的形成,可伴随有视网膜下积液、视网膜下出血及纤维瘢痕组织,导致中心视力进行性、不可逆的下降。以往的治疗方法包括激光光凝术、经瞳孔温热疗法、黄斑转位术等,随着科学技术的发展,新生血管性AMD的治疗也有了很大的进步,光动力疗法可减少黄斑病变患者视力损失的风险。曲安奈德、抗血管内皮生长因子等药物被证明可以有效抑制或延缓患者视力的损失,甚至可以提高患者的视敏度。尤其是抗血管内皮生长因子的研究越来越受关注。另外,基因治疗的不断发展为治疗新生血管性AMD开辟了一条新路,受到了眼科医师的重视。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.