经耳道皮下径路人工耳蜗植入术

目的:探讨经耳道皮下径路爱益声人工耳蜗植入手术的可能性.方法:40例双耳重度或极重度聋患儿采用经耳道皮下径路行爱益声人工耳蜗植入,术中行电极阻抗测试和电诱发听性脑干反应,术后拍耳蜗位X线片,术后4周开机验证电极植入位置及工作情况.结果:所有患儿电极全部顺利植入耳蜗内,人工耳蜗装置工作状态正常,术后随访6个月无电极脱出或...     

耳道上径路耳蜗植入术

目的 探讨中国聋儿采用耳道上径路耳蜗植入的手术方法 .方法 2005年5月至2007年1月为50例(53侧)极重度感音性聋患儿采用耳道上径路行耳蜗植入.电极通过上鼓室的隧道于砧骨体与鼓索神经之间植入耳蜗鼓阶.结果 53侧手术电极全部植入者51侧;1例患儿(1侧)因耳蜗骨化只植入9对电极(Med-E1 C40+);另1例患儿(1侧)因耳蜗重度发育不良仅植入8对电极(Med-E1 C40+),该患儿术中发生井喷,植入电极时取出了砧骨并切断鼓索神经.1例患儿因鼓索神经与砧骨不易分离,电极经上鼓室隧道沿鼓索神经外侧植入鼓阶.所有病例术后无严重并发症发生.所有患儿耳蜗植入术后声场测听(听力级)均在30～40 dB;50例患儿随访均达6个月以上,其中26例具开放环境下的言语辨别力,己可进行交流;18例患儿可以讲短句,交流不太清楚;6例患儿只会讲单词.结论 耳道上径路耳蜗植入术是一种简单、安全的技术,中耳腔暴露好,不需要行乳突、面隐窝切开,无误伤面神经、鼓索神经的危险,尤其适用于面隐窝狭窄或面神经前移的患儿.     

人工耳蜗在前庭水管扩大患者中的应用

目的　研究前庭水管扩大患者人工耳蜗植入手术的经验。方法　对 15例 (15耳 )双侧前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术 ,并对术后结果进行随访。经面隐窝径路行人工耳蜗植入术 ,在圆窗龛前下方行鼓岬钻孔 ,植入多导人工耳蜗电极。结果　①术中电极完全插入耳蜗 ,其中 6耳出现轻微井喷 ;②术后无面瘫、脑脊液耳漏等并发症 ;③所有患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉 ;④术后听阈与耳蜗结构正常植入患者无明显区别 (自由声场平均听阈 30dBHL) ;⑤术后语训在北京同仁医院或中国聋儿康复中心进行 ,听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高 ,其中 2例患者已经进入正常学校就读。结论　前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入与耳蜗结构正常患者植入术后效果基本一致 ,人工耳蜗植入可以作为前庭水管扩大伴有重度感音神经性聋的治疗和康复手段     

人工耳蜗在前庭水管扩大患者中的应用

目的 研究前庭水管扩大患者人工耳蜗植入手术的经验。方法 对15例(15耳)双侧前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的患者行多导人工耳蜗植入术，并对术后结果进行随访。经面隐窝径路行人工耳蜗植入术，在圆窗龛前下方行鼓岬钻孔，植入多导人工耳蜗电极。结果 ①术中电极完全插入耳蜗，其中6耳出现轻微井喷；②术后无面瘫、脑脊液耳漏等并发症；③所有患者人工耳蜗植入术后都有听觉；④术后听阈与耳蜗结构正常植入患者无明显区别(自由声场平均听阈30dBHL)；⑤术后语训在北京同仁医院或中国聋儿康复中心进行，听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高，其中2例患者已经进人正常学校就读。结论 前庭水管扩大伴重度感音神经性聋的人工耳蜗植入与耳蜗结构正常患者植入术后效果基本一致，人工耳蜗植入可以作为前庭水管扩大伴有重度感音神经性聋的治疗和康复手段。     

368例人工耳蜗植入手术分析

目的探讨人工耳蜗植入手术的操作程序,以提高手术效率及手术安全性。方法回顾性分析人工耳蜗植入手术368例,手术均采用经后鼓室径路。术中行电极阻抗测试和神经反应遥测,术后拍耳蜗位X线平片判断电极植入情况,术后一个月开机调试及跟踪随访。结果所有患者电极全部顺利植入,人工耳蜗装置工作状态正常。术后3天1例出现迟发型面瘫,用激素保守治疗后逐渐恢复,术后45天1例患儿发生外耳道炎,术后2个月1例出现乳突及耳后骨膜下脓肿,术后7个月1例由于头部外伤致植入体损坏更换植入体,经积极处理后均恢复良好。全部病例术后随访24个月无永久性面瘫、植入体移位及脑膜炎等严重并发症发生,但术后4年3例患儿出现植入体外露合并皮肤感染。结论熟练掌握手术技巧并根据个体特点进行人工耳蜗植入手术对于提高植入成功率、重建听觉、减少手术并发症有着非常重要的意义,术后的长期随访甚至终生随访是必要的。     

人工耳蜗植入手术并发症及临床分析

目的 探讨人工耳蜗植入手术并发症的预防及处置.方法 回顾分析2000年12月至2010年8月在我科由单一术者完成的416例人工耳蜗植入手术,发生并发症29例(29/416),占7%,随访时间1个月～10年,并对其原因进行分析,提出预防及处置的措施.结果 29例并发症中,按轻重程度分为:轻度并发症23例,占5.5%,包括术后皮下血肿13例,急性中耳炎2例,术后迟发性切口感染2例,术后迟发性面瘫1例,面肌抽搐1例,术后重度眩晕4例;重度并发症6例,占1.5%,包括脑脊液漏2例、切口感染致植入体外露1例、鼓膜穿孔致电极外露1例、耳蜗骨化至电极未能全部植入1例,磁铁移位1例.无电极耳蜗内扭曲、未植入耳蜗、植入体移位及脑膜炎、永久性面瘫发生.轻度并发症经处置后均痊愈,脑脊液漏经二次手术修补痊愈.电极、植入体外露2例病人,均取出植入体,行对侧耳蜗植入.1例磁铁移位经二次手术予以复位.结论 如何降低人工耳蜗植入手术严重并发症的发生,仍是人工耳蜗植入亟待解决的问题.     

人工耳蜗植入在Waardenburg综合征Ⅱ型患儿中的应用

目的:探讨Waardenburg综合征(WS)患者人工耳蜗植入方法及手术前后听力评估和术后言语康复效果。方法:回顾性分析2000-2008年确诊的12例WSⅡ型行人工耳蜗植入患儿的临床资料,所有患儿均经乳突面隐窝进路行人工耳蜗植入,将患儿植入后听力情况与12例内耳发育正常的人工耳蜗植入者(对照组)进行比较。结果:12例WS患儿术中电极植入鼓阶顺利,术后无面瘫及脑脊液漏现象发生,术后听阈与对照组无明显区别。经过超过0.5年的言语康复训练,患儿的听力及言语能力均有不同程度提高。结论:人工耳蜗适用于WS患儿,术前应进行全面的听力学及影像学评估。     

中耳乳突炎性病变的人工耳蜗植入术

目的探索双侧重度感音神经性聋合并中耳乳突炎性病变人工耳蜗植入手术方法.方法 29例不同类型中耳乳突炎患者行人工耳蜗植入手术,根据炎症病变程度采用Ⅰ期手术26例,分期手术3例.非化脓性及慢性中耳炎静止期者,行完壁式乳突根治术,清除病灶,保留骨性外耳道,同期行人工耳蜗植入;化脓性中耳炎者,行完壁式或开放式乳突根治术,清除病灶保留骨性外耳道或重建外耳道后上壁,获得干耳后,Ⅱ期行人工耳蜗植入.结果 29例中耳乳突不同炎症病变患者经Ⅰ期或分期手术,人工耳蜗电极均顺利植入.随访2～8年,无炎症病变复发,开机后人工耳蜗工作正常,无电极裸露、脱出.结论中耳乳突炎性病变经正确的手术措施干预后,可行人工耳蜗植入.强调依据病变程度和范围个性化处理.     

精准微创的人工耳蜗植入手术北大核心CSCD

随着精准医学概念的提出,人工耳蜗手术从原来的微创手术入路,到"柔"手术电极植入保留残余听力,发展到现在的疑难耳蜗的精准定位及保留内耳精细结构的微创电极植入。这对人工耳蜗植入候选者的术前评估、术中操作和术后康复均提出越来越高的要求。我们希望通过良好的手术径路设计,减少人工耳蜗植入的皮瓣并发症,提高手术的安全性;通过"柔"手术技巧植入电极,保护耳蜗内精细结构和残余听力;通过对内耳畸形分类的标准化探索,影像重建对耳蜗结构及植入后电极位置的研究,实现个体化电极选择和精准电极植入;通过结合耳聋基因诊断预测植入效果,使得耳聋康复更加精准。让人工耳蜗植入步入精准微创。     

人工耳蜗植入对耳蜗残余听力的影响

现代人工耳蜗植入已成为治疗极重度聋的重要手段,但患者术后效果差异较大.研究表明声电联合刺激模式对不同程度听力损失患者大有益处,这就使人工耳蜗植入后耳蜗残余听力的保留显得至关重要.本文将就人工耳蜗植入对残余听力可能的损害机制,一些保留人工耳蜗术后听力的现有方案及其效果做一综述.     

Double posterior labyrinthotomy technique: results in three Med-El patients with common cavity.

HYPOTHESIS: This study reports on the use of the double posterior labyrinthotomy surgical technique and a custom-designed electrode to ensure better positioning of stimulating electrodes within the common cavity and thus demonstrate suitable outcomes in patients. BACKGROUND: Cochlear implantation has proven beneficial for numerous children with congenital malformations of the inner ear. Several studies show good auditory perception outcomes in children with common cavity. However, there have been risks involved with surgical techniques used in the actual implantation. These include possible aberrant facial nerve and the strong potential for a cerebrospinal fluid gusher. Improved surgical techniques and electrode design could allow for better electrode contact and avoid electrode placement in the internal auditory meatus. METHOD: The double posterior labyrinthotomy technique was carried out in three cases using a custom made MED-EL COMBI 40+ electrode. RESULTS: Surgery was carried out with no complications and is no more technically demanding than other standard surgical approaches. The speech processor program remains stable over time, and auditory perception results are similar to those obtained from children with no cochlear abnormalities. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the success of the double posterior labyrinthotomy approach with modified cochlear implant, and this could be recommended as the procedure of choice in children presenting to an implant team with a common cavity.     

Electrode independence in intraneural cochlear nerve stimulation.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: We have previously reported feline electrophysiological and anatomical studies focused on the development of an intraneural auditory neuroprosthesis. Because only the tips of the electrodes implanted in the cochlear nerve are the stimulating elements that abut the nerve axons, we hypothesize that intraneural stimulation will be highly focal in nature. In this article, we report the electrophysiological characterization of the selective activation of subpopulations of cochlear nerve fibers via electrodes implanted in feline cochlear nerve. STUDY DESIGN: We have used a forward-masking paradigm to estimate the extent of stimulation overlap produced by pairs of electrodes implanted into the cochlear nerve. METHODS: The technique uses sequential stimulation via masking and probe electrodes and monitoring of the electrically evoked auditory brain stem response as an index of cochlear nerve fiber recruitment. We investigated overlap in all possible electrode pair combinations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Many electrode pairs manifest virtually no overlap in the subpopulations of fibers excited by perithreshold stimuli, whereas most had considerable overlap at higher stimulation levels. However, we also noted that our measured overlap was similar across electrodes possibly because of lack of specificity of the whole nerve electrically evoked auditory brain stem response as an assay for this parameter. These findings indicate that direct cochlear nerve stimulation via intraneural electrodes provides selective excitation of small subpopulations of cochlear nerve fibers, and suggest that cochlear nerve stimulation may selectively evoke narrow-band frequency percepts.     

Intra-operative monitoring of cochlear function during cochlear implantation

The objective of this study was to determine if intra-operative auditory monitoring is feasible during cochlear implantation and whether this can be used as feedback to the surgeon to improve the preservation of residual hearing. This prospective non-randomised study was set in a paediatric tertiary referral hospital. Thirty eight consecutive paediatric patients undergoing cochlear implantation who had measurable auditory thresholds pre-operatively were divided into two cohorts. The unmonitored cohort included the first 22 patients and the monitored cohort included the last 16 patients. The main outcome measure(s) were pre-operative, intra-operative and more than one month post-operative average auditory thresholds at 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz measured using auditory steady-state response audiometry. The average pre-operative thresholds were 103.5 dB HL and 99.7 dB HL in the unmonitored and monitored cohorts, respectively. These were not statistically different (p > 0.3). In the monitored cohort, we measured auditory thresholds to assess cochlear function at multiple time points during the operation. Compared to baseline, thresholds were increased 0.7 dB after drilling the mastoidectomy and well, 0.2 dB after opening the cochlea and 4.6 dB after inserting the electrode array. One month post-operatively, the average thresholds were 114.0 dB HL in the unmonitored cohort but only 98.8 dB HL in the monitored cohort (p < 0.001). Both the use of intra-operative auditory monitoring and higher pre-operative thresholds were associated with improved preservation of residual hearing (p 相似文献   

Identification and revision of a displaced cochlear implant electrode in the internal auditory canal

Abstract

Objective

The aim of the report is to underline the importance of a radiological technique which allows three-dimensional (3D) imaging of the cochlear implant electrode position postoperatively in cases of cochlear malformation, and to show a technique to prevent a repeat of cochlear implant electrode insertion in the internal auditory canal (IAC).

Clinical presentation

This report describes the management of a case of insertion of a cochlear implant electrode into the IAC in a 1.5-year-old patient with an incomplete partition (IP) III cochlear malformation.

Intervention and technique

The commonly used single plain postoperative X-ray is not sufficient to be certain of detecting the incorrect insertion of a cochlear implant electrode in the case of a malformed cochlea. In this case, 3D radiology allowed the incorrect insertion to be detected. The original cochlear implant electrode was temporarily left in place under the assumption that it would block the entrance to the IAC and prevent IAC insertion of the replacement electrode.

Conclusion

Postoperative 3D radiological observation after cochlear implant surgery should be done in cases of malformation. Leaving the original electrode in place can help to prevent a repeat electrode malinsertion.     

Electrophysiological studies of the auditory system.

Electrophysiological measures of cochlear function can be obtained using the techniques of transtympanic electrode and surface electrocochleography. These provide measures of the basic parameters of the cochlear microphonic, cochlear nerve and auditory brainstem nuclei action potentials, which enable the functional mechanisms of the cochlea and auditory pathway to be defined for normally hearing subjects and, by comparison, give diagnostic information about the pathologies involved in auditory disorders. Data are presented on the values and variability of the responses obtained from normally hearing subjects. The comparative values of each technique in estimating auditory threshold, cochlear function and in evaluating neurological conditions are discussed using data from clinical patients.     

鸡圆窗埋植电极：听神经动作电位的长期记录方法

目的 为解决长期监测鸡听觉功能时通常使用的圆窗膜电极移位的问题，提高测试结果的稳定性，建立了一种新的电极埋植方法即“圆窗埋植电极”（ｒｏｕｎｄ ｗｉｎｄｏｗ ｉｍｐｌａｎｔｅｄ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｄｅ）。并结合听觉传入神经病变模型评价该方法在实际使用中的稳定性。方法 １２只白色Ｌｅｇｈｏｒｎ鸡平分为ＫＡ组（经鼓阶灌注ｋａｉｎｉｃ ａｃｉｄ，选择性地存坏耳蜗传入神经树突）和正常组（不做耳蜗灌注）。暴露鸡     

内耳畸形与耳蜗骨化患者的耳蜗植入

目的探讨先天性内耳畸形与耳蜗骨化患者耳蜗植入术的有关问题.方法对我院2002年10月～2004年2月间行耳蜗植入术的8例内耳畸形和2例耳蜗骨化的患者进行回顾性分析.结果4例大前庭水管综合征患者术中有外淋巴液搏动;3例Mondini畸形和1例共同腔畸形患者术中出现井喷;1例耳蜗部分骨化患者术中误将电极插入内听道后纠正;另一例耳蜗部分骨化患者植人短电极.1例Mondini畸形患者术后发生少量脑脊液耳鼻漏,保守治疗3月后痊愈,其余患者无并发症.所有患者均成功开机.结论对于内耳畸形或耳蜗骨化的患者,耳蜗植入术前详细的影像学评估,对术中困难的充分估计和正确、规范处理是手术成功的基本条件.     

内听道狭窄的人工耳蜗植入术效果观察并文献复习

摘要：目的通过观察一例内听道狭窄患者人工耳蜗植入术后的远期康复效果,结合文献复习探讨该类畸形的手术选择指标。方法收集患儿术前听力学资料以及颞骨薄层CT资料,分别于术后半年、2年、4年时进行声场测试、MAIS量表评分、言语识别率测试分析患者康复疗效。并以内听道狭窄、蜗神经管狭窄、蜗神经孔狭窄以及蜗神经发育不良为关键词搜索与人工耳蜗康复的相关文献。结果半年时声场测试500、1 000、2 000、4 000 Hz分别为35、40、40、45 dBHL,2年时MAIS量表评分24分,4年时言语识别率80%,患儿于术后3年时言语理解能力进步明显,康复效果优于文献搜索结果。结论存在内听道狭窄的患者,人工耳蜗植入前对影像学及听力测试结果的综合分析非常重要,选择耳蜗神经发育相对较好侧以及助听效果较好侧手术,同时需坚持术后康复治疗。     

Electrophysiologic effects of placing cochlear implant electrodes in a perimodiolar position in young children

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to intraoperatively record the electrically evoked auditory brainstem response (EABR) before and after placement of the electrode positioning system (EPS) (CII Bionic Ear with HiFocus I cochlear implant electrode array) as well as before and after stylet removal (Nucleus Contour cochlear implant electrode array). It was hypothesized that physiologic changes would occur after perimodiolar positioning of the electrode array and these changes would be evident from the EABR recordings. STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive young (11-36 month old) pediatric cochlear implant recipients (n = 17) had intraoperative EABRs recorded from three intracochlear electrodes that represented apical, medial, and basal locations. Wave V amplitudes and thresholds were studied relative to electrode location and pre- versus postperimodiolar positioning. These evoked potential measures were analyzed for statistical significance. SETTING: Tertiary referral children's hospital/medical college. RESULTS: Wave V thresholds of the EABR were lower, and amplitudes were larger after perimodiolar positioning, although the changes were dependent on electrode location and implant design. Statistically significant decreases in EABR wave V threshold and increases in suprathreshold wave V amplitude were found for the basal electrode for the CII Bionic Ear HiFocus I and for the apical electrode for the Nucleus Contour. CONCLUSIONS: Placement of either the CII Bionic Ear HiFocus I or Nucleus Contour cochlear implant electrode array in the perimodiolar position in young children resulted in less electrical current necessary to stimulate the auditory system. Changes in electrophysiologic thresholds and amplitudes, measured with EABR, indicate that the electrode array is placed closer to the modiolus with both electrode designs.     

Monitoring of cochlear function during cochlear implantation

OBJECTIVE: To report the feasibility of monitoring cochlear function during cochlear implantation. STUDY DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. METHODS: A child with audiologic features typical of bilateral auditory neuropathy underwent cochlear implantation. The scala tympani was entered inferior and slightly anterior to the round window membrane margin and smooth electrode insertion was achieved. Using single polarity click stimuli, the cochlear microphonic was measured at several steps during surgery. RESULTS: Cochlear microphonics were present at all stages during the implantation process and were clearly distinguished from neural responses by stimulus polarity inversion and constant latencies, despite changes in stimulus level. With the electrode in situ, amplitudes were smaller but persisted until the final measurement at 10 minutes after insertion. At follow-up 2 weeks after surgery, behavioral audiometry results indicated profound hearing loss in the operated ear. CONCLUSIONS: This paper demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring cochlear function during cochlear implantation. The routine surgical approach did not appear to adversely affect the functional measurements. Standard size, full electrode insertion did diminish the amplitude of the cochlear microphonics, possibly as a result of intracochlear mechanical impairment. Ultimately, profound hearing loss was documented, indicating that factors other than immediate changes induced by electrode insertion were likely responsible for the loss of cochlear function.