四种抗真菌药物治疗甲癣疗效比较的文献系统复习

目的比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑、氟康唑、灰黄霉素治疗甲癣疗效的差异。方法检索Medline文献数据库,查找所有比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑、氟康唑、灰黄霉素治疗甲癣的双盲随机对照试验的文献,找出这4种药物治疗甲癣的真菌学治愈率并对其进行汇总,得出合并后真菌学治愈率的比值比(OR)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果①有6篇比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑、1篇特比萘芬与氟康唑、2篇特比萘芬与灰黄霉素治疗甲癣的双盲随机对照试验文献被纳入。②特比萘芬250mg/d连续疗法优于伊曲康唑400mg/d冲击疗法[OR=5.01,95%CI(3.42～7.33)]和伊曲康唑200mg/d连续疗法[OR=2.58,95%CI(1.91～3.49)]。特比萘芬的疗效亦优于氟康唑(P<0.001)和灰黄霉素[OR=3.46,95%CI(1.89～6.31)]。结论特比萘芬治疗甲癣的疗效优于伊曲康唑、氟康唑和灰黄霉素。     

伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和他克莫司单用及联合对皮炎外瓶霉的体外抗真菌作用

目的 探讨他克莫司与伊曲康唑、特比萘芬联合对皮炎外瓶霉的体外抗真菌效果.方法 参考美国临床实验室标准化研究所M38-A2方案,测定特比萘芬和伊曲康唑对12株皮炎外瓶霉的最低抑菌浓度;利用棋盘法,测定他克莫司和伊曲康唑或特比萘芬的联合抗皮炎外瓶霉效果.结果 特比萘芬和伊曲康唑对皮炎外瓶霉最低抑菌浓度范围分别为(0.06 ～0.125) mg/L和(0.5 ～1) mg/L.他克莫司和特比萘芬联合对5株皮炎外瓶霉、他克莫司和伊曲康唑联合对10株皮炎外瓶霉有协同作用.两组均无拮抗作用.结论 他克莫司在体外与伊曲康唑或特比萘芬联合应用时,能够增加皮炎外瓶霉对伊曲康唑和特比萘芬的敏感性.     

伊曲康唑和特比萘芬体外联合药敏试验分析

目的　研究伊曲康唑和特比萘芬在酵母菌体外联合药敏试验中的相互作用 ,为临床用药提供参考依据。方法　参照美国国家临床试验标准化委员会 (NCCLS)提出的标准 (M 2 7 A方案 ) ,采用棋盘微量稀释法对 2 8株酵母菌 (隐球菌和念珠菌 )进行了伊曲康唑和特比萘芬的体外联合药敏试验。结果　发现联合用药时各药物的MIC几何均值比单用有显著降低 ,具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;伊曲康唑和特比萘芬的协同相加作用较为明显 ,而且未发现有拮抗作用 ,部分抑菌浓度指数 (FICI)的平均值为 0 .72 7。结论　伊曲康唑和特比萘芬对致病酵母主要表现为协同相加作用。     

盐酸小檗碱联合抗真菌药物对红色毛癣菌的体外药敏实验

目的观察盐酸小檗碱联合不同浓度抗真菌药物对红色毛癣菌的体外抗菌活性。方法参照美国临床实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)颁布的M38-A2方案和相关文献对临床分离的30株红色毛癣菌进行体外药敏实验。其中盐酸小檗碱的MIC值定义为与生长对照相比,肉眼观察出现80%生长抑制的最低药物浓度。采用分数抑菌浓度(FIC)评定两药联合效果。FIC≤0.5,两药为协同作用;0.54,两药为拮抗作用。结果盐酸小檗碱和不同浓度伊曲康唑联合,主要为无关作用。盐酸小檗碱和不同浓度特比奈芬、伏立康唑联合,均为拮抗作用。16.0μg/mL氟康唑组与盐酸小檗碱联合时FIC≤0.5所占比例为83.33%,协同作用最强;2.0～8.0μg/mL卡泊芬净组与盐酸小檗碱联合时,FIC≤0.5所占比例最高,均为63.33%,协同作用最强,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。结论盐酸小檗碱与高浓度氟康唑、卡泊芬净联合,体外对红色毛癣菌有较强的协同作用。     

体外观察特比萘芬联合伊曲康唑对须癣毛癣菌甲侵袭的抑制作用

目的：体外观察特比萘芬联合伊曲康唑对须癣毛癣菌甲侵袭的抑制作用。为临床联合用药提供参考依据。方法：用浸泡过不同浓度的特比萘芬、伊曲康唑及两者混合药液的健康甲片，接种须癣毛癣菌作为甲模型，27℃孵育观察不同时间甲模型真菌生长抑制现象及超微结构变化，确定各药的MIC。结果：特比萘芬和伊曲康唑联合药液MIC较伊曲康唑为低；联合用药部分抑菌浓度指数（FICI）〉1但〈2。结论：特比萘芬联合伊曲康唑对须癣毛癣菌有一定抑制相加作用。     

伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬治疗甲真菌病疗效观察

伊曲康唑联合特比萘芬序贯冲击治疗甲真菌病,并与单用伊曲康唑、特比萘芬冲击疗法相比较,3组在临床疗效、真菌清除率、不良反应事件发生率上没有统计学差异,但序贯冲击组的医疗费用比伊曲康唑和特比萘芬传统治疗方法的费用降低了.序贯冲击疗法是安全有效的.     

动物源性皮肤癣菌病32例患者病原菌体外药敏试验

目的了解动物源性皮肤癣菌病病原菌对常用抗真菌药物的敏感情况。方法收集2013年10月—2014年11月就诊于川北医学院附属医院皮肤科、确诊为动物源性皮肤癣菌病的32例患者的菌株。参照美国临床实验室标准化研究所(CLSI)的M38-A2方案,测定收集的临床菌株对灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、特比萘芬及氟康唑的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑对犬小孢子菌的药敏试验MIC值范围分别为0.125 0～4.000 0μg/ml、 0.031 3～1.000 0μg/ml、0.002 0～0.031 3μg/ml和2.000 0～32.000 0μg/ml,对须癣毛癣菌复合体的药敏试验MIC值范围分别为0.062 5～1.000 0μg/ml、0.0313～0.500 0μg/ml、0.001 0～0.062 5μg/ml和4.000 0～32.000 0μg/ml,对石膏样小孢子菌的药敏试验MIC值范围分别为0.031 3～2.000 0μg/ml、0.062 5～1.000 0μg/ml、0.003 9～0.0625μg/ml和0.500 0～16.000 0μg/ml。结论灰黄霉素、伊曲康唑、特比萘芬和氟康唑对犬小孢子菌、须癣毛癣菌复合体和石膏样小孢子菌的体外药敏试验提示,特比萘芬的抗真菌效果最好,其次为伊曲康唑和灰黄霉素,氟康唑抗真菌效果较差。     

甲真菌病临床评分指数指导伊曲康唑和特比萘芬治疗甲真菌病的疗效对比研究

目的评价甲真菌病临床评分指数(SCIO)指导伊曲康唑冲击和特比萘芬连续疗法治疗甲真菌病的疗效、安全性及费用疗效比。方法制定SCIO评分体系,对200例甲真菌病患者的靶甲进行SCIO评分,根据SCIO积分范围随机分为2组,分别给予伊曲康唑冲击治疗和特比萘芬连续治疗。结果2种药物均有较好的抗真菌疗效。伊曲康唑组和特比萘芬组近、中、远期临床和真菌学疗效差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),伊曲康唑组远期复发率4.26%,特比萘芬组尚未观察到复发病例。伊曲康唑组不良事件发生率为23%,特比萘芬组为21%(P>0.05)。Ⅱ度患者伊曲康唑组费用疗效比低于特比萘芬组,Ⅲ度和Ⅳ度患者特比萘芬组费用疗效比低于伊曲康唑组,但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论SCIO具有一定的科学性和实用性,指导伊曲康唑冲击和特比萘芬连续疗法治疗甲真菌病显示同样有效且安全。     

阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬和伊曲康唑联合对甲真菌病致病菌的体外药敏试验

目的探讨阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬、伊曲康唑联合对80株甲真菌病病原菌的体外相互作用。方法应用美国国家临床实验室标准化委员会(NCCLS)的M27-A和M38-P方案,各药单独和联合应用时的MIC值均为与对照孔相比超过80%生长抑制的最低药物浓度;药物间相互作用用分数抑菌浓度(FIC值)表示:FIC<1认为有协同作用,1≤FIC<2认为有相加作用,FIC≥2认为有拮抗作用。结果阿莫罗芬、特比萘芬、伊曲康唑单独应用时对皮肤癣菌抑菌质量浓度的几何均数分别为0.0396、0.012和0.309μg/mL,阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬和阿莫罗芬与伊曲康唑联合应用对所有受试菌协同作用的百分比分别为67.12%和66.67%,两者间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。其中对皮肤癣菌为75%和65%,两者差异无显著性(P>0.05);而对酵母菌和其他霉菌差异有显著性(P<0.05);未发现有拮抗作用。结论阿莫罗芬与特比萘芬、伊曲康唑联合应用对甲真菌病致病菌具有有效的体外协同抑菌作用。     

特比萘芬与伊曲康唑治疗甲真菌病疗效的Meta分析

目的系统评价特比萘芬与伊曲康唑治疗甲真菌病的有效性。方法计算机检索Cochrane图书馆、MEDLINE,Springer Datebase,CNKI,纳入所有比较特比萘芬与伊曲康唑治疗甲真菌病的随机对照试验(RCT)。由2名研究者共同独立提取资料并评估纳入研究质量。采用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan4.2软件对试验数据进行统计分析。结果最终纳入6个RCT,其中4个特比萘芬250mg/d连续疗法与伊曲康唑200mg/d连续疗法、2个特比萘芬250mg/d连续疗法与伊曲康唑400mg/d冲击疗法治疗甲真菌病。Meta分析结果显示特比萘芬与伊曲康唑疗效的差异有统计学意义,合并后前者RR=1.25,95%CI(1.06～1.48),后者RR=2.02,95%CI(1.47～2.78)。均未报道特比萘芬和伊曲康唑引起的严重系统性不良反应。结论现有临床证据表明,特比萘芬治疗甲真菌病的疗效优于伊曲康唑。     

Dermatology in private practice in France in 2000

OBJECTIVES: Data regarding French dermatological practice are scarce. Our objective was to identify the skin disorders most commonly diagnosed by office-based dermatologists. We also documented the severity of these skin disorders, as reflected by the repercussions on patient's everyday life, and the way physicians managed patients. DESIGN: We carried out a one-day survey of visits to a randomly selected sample of 900 French office-based dermatologists. The randomization was stratified according to the five French different dialing area codes. RESULTS: Office-based dermatologists saw 6411 patients with 7839 skin disorders during the survey. The daily number of visits to French dermatologists was estimated at 47 000 and the annual number between 12 and 14 millions. Office-based dermatologists mostly managed warts, acne, nevus, dermatitis, malignancies and pre-malignancies, fungal infection and psoriasis. Repercussions on patients'everyday life were assessed by physicians as important or very important in 28 p. 100 of cases. Half of the patients received topical treatment, 20.5 p. 100 a systemic drug and 40 p. 100 a minor surgical procedure (including cryotherapy). CONCLUSION: Although dermatologists frequently see benign skin disorders such as warts or nevus, more severe diseases represent an important part of their activity.     

Pentoxifylline in reactions in leprosy

A study was conducted to assess the response of reactions in leprosy to pentoxifylline therapy. Ten cases were studied; 8 cases had type 2 reaction and 2 cases had type 1 reaction. Pentoxifylline was given orally 400 mg three times daily. In patients with type 2 reaction, good response was observed within one week. There was near complete regression of ENL lesions within one month. Cases with type 1 reaction did not respond to pentoxifylline.     

Leukocyte migration in vivo and in vitro in patients with psoriasis

Leukocyte migration in vivo was studied with a skin chamber technique in 21 patients with active psoriasis vulgaris and 18 with cleared psoriasis vulgaris. Measuring over 24 h, no difference was found between healthy volunteers and most patients with active psoriasis, although a subgroup of patients with long-lasting relapses showed subnormal migration values. In patients with cleared psoriasis on the other hand the in vivo leukocyte migration values were increased. In addition, leukocyte migration in vitro under agarose was studied, but no difference was found between healthy controls and patients with psoriasis, active or cleared.     

Distribution of fodrin in the keratinocyte in vivo and in vitro

Distribution of fodrin in the keratinocyte, both in vivo and in vitro, was examined by immunofluorescence microscopy. In the rat epidermis in vivo, fodrin was localized in the cell periphery of the spinous layer of all the skins studied. In only the basal layer of the thick skin, however, fodrin was seen intensely in the cytoplasm. As in vitro keratinocytes, a mouse cell line (Pam 212) cultured in low (0.06 mM) as well as standard (1.87 mM) Ca2+ was examined. In low Ca2+, fodrin was observed throughout the cytoplasm without marked accumulation irrespective of the cell density. The cytoplasmic labeling in low Ca2+ looked filamentous and became aggregated when cells were treated with cytochalasin B; at least some of the aggregates coexisted with those of F-actin. In contrast, fodrin distribution was not affected with colchicine. On the other hand, in standard Ca2+, the protein became concentrated along the cell periphery and less conspicuous in the cytoplasm as the cells reached confluency. When cells were transferred from low to standard Ca2+, the distribution of fodrin changed accordingly within 180 min. The present results indicate that fodrin in the keratinocyte is likely to be associated with actin filaments and that it takes two different ways of distribution both in vivo and in vitro. The peripheral and the cytoplasmic labeling of in vivo and in vitro cells are likely to correspond. It may be that fodrin changes its localization according to the cell's proliferative activity.