改良二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植180例

目的改进二袖套法大鼠原位肝移植方法,建立稳定的大鼠肝移植模型。方法采用改良Kamada二袖套法进行大鼠原位肝移植180例,观察手术成功率、手术时间、免疫病理改变和术中、术后并发症等。结果总手术成功率85.6%,供者手术时间(40.0±3.8)min,修肝时间(14.3±2.1)min,受者手术时间(48.0±4.2)min,无肝期(22.0±2.3)min。SD-Wistar大鼠肝移植后出现免疫排斥病理改变。常见并发症有麻醉意外、气胸、失血性休克、下腔静脉空气栓塞、血栓形成或胆道梗阻等。结论改良Kamada二袖套法可提高手术成功率,减少并发症。SD-Wistar大鼠肝移植为高排斥组合,可作为肝移植免疫耐受研究的模型。     

大鼠原位肝移植动物模型建立的体会

目的成功建立大鼠原位肝移植动物模型。方法通过改良的双袖套法对130对SD大鼠进行了原位肝移植。前面40对为预试验组,中间60对为实验熟练组,后面30对为实验完善组。观察手术成功率和术后生存率以及手术并发症。结果预试验组的手术成功率和7天生存率分别为27.5%和0;实验熟练组分别为75.0%和40.0%;实验完善组分别为93.3%和86.7%。结论熟练和完善的外科操作技术是手术成功的关键;缩短无肝期时间是术后长期生存的有效保障。     

预实验中大鼠原位肝移植常见失败原因及对策

目的分析预实验中大鼠原位肝移植常见的失败原因,并提出相应对策。方法回顾性分析2008年3月至2009年3月期间预实验中采用改良Kamada"二袖套"法行大鼠原位肝移植手术120例的资料。结果 120例大鼠原位肝移植预实验中失败原因有:无肝期延长66例,肝上下腔静脉吻合失败61例,肝下下腔静脉吻合失败17例,门静脉吻合失败12例,麻醉不满意8例。成功21例(17.50%)。结论加强显微外科技术的操作训练,特别是肝上下腔静脉的吻合,可提高大鼠原位肝移植手术成功率。     

大鼠原位肝移植动物模型成功建立的技巧

目的 探讨大鼠原位肝移植动物模型成功建立的技巧.方法 通过改良的二套管法对130对SD大鼠进行了原位肝移植.前面40对为预试验组,中间60对为实验熟练组.后面30对为实验完善组.总结手术技巧,观察手术成功率和术后生存率以及手术并发症.结果 预试验组的手术成功率和7 d生存率分别为27.5%和0;实验熟练组分别为75.0%和40.0%;实验完善组分别为93.3%和86.7%.结论 熟练的外科操作技术是手术成功的关键;缩短无肝期时间、采用各种措施来杜绝手术意外以及完善的手术细节是术后长期生存的有效保障.     

大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧探讨

目的 建立一个稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型,探讨其手术技巧。方法在Kamada“二袖套法”的基础上进行改良。供体改经腹主动脉进行肝脏冷灌注;肝上下腔静脉用连续缝合法吻合,门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合．胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合法。结果共施行大鼠原位肝移植140例,无肝期平均11min．手术成功率为97％,大鼠1周存活率为95％。结论改良的两袖套法具有操作简便、无肝期短、手术成功率高、大鼠术后存活时间长的优点,是大鼠原位肝移植的理想术式。娴熟细致的外科操作、受体无肝期的长短是决定动物存活的关键。     

大鼠原位肝移植模型不同术式改进的研究

目的比较两种改进后大鼠原位肝移植模型建立的优缺点.方法对三套袖法的修肝技术及套管制作进行改进,实施大鼠原位肝移植30例,采用改进的缝合法实施大鼠原位肝移植70例.结果三袖套法手术成功率80%,1周存活率8%,缝合法手术成功率90%,1周存活率72%.结论改进后的三袖套法虽然明显缩短手术时间及无肝期,但手术后并发症多,缺乏实际应用价值,改进后的缝合法是建立稳定大鼠肝移植模型的有效方法.     

改良"二袖套法"制备大鼠原位肝移植动物模型

目的：介绍改进的“二袖套法”法大鼠原位肝移植动物模型。方法：采用改进的“二袖套”法进行110只大鼠原位肝移植。结果：切取供肝时间平均37min，修肝时间平均13min，无肝期平均14min，术中和术后4h内死亡8只，手术成功率达93%。术后1周死亡11只，1周存活率为89%，主要死亡原因为感染和胆道梗阻。结论：改进的“二袖套”法大鼠原位肝移植具有无肝期短、手术成功率高，大鼠术后存活时间长的优点，是大鼠原位肝移植的理想术式。     

大鼠改良式原位肝移植手术技巧探讨

目的 探讨建立稳定大鼠原位肝移植模型的手术操作技巧. 方法成年雄性SD大鼠200只,体重200～250 g;成年雄性Wistar大鼠60只,体重230～280 g,供体体重小于受体约30 g.其中SD大鼠为供、受体的同基因肝移植70只(SD-SD组),SD、Wistar分别为供、受体的同种异体肝移植60只(SD.Wistar组).采用改良二袖套法行大鼠原位肝移植,充分暴露第一肝门,不翻动肝脏先行门静脉灌注;在体一步法离断肝上下腔静脉,不带膈肌环;吻合肝上下腔静脉采用单线连续缝合;双线牵引法安装门静脉袖套.术后充分补液维持大鼠血液动力学稳定. 结果 供体手术时间(38.2 ±2.5)min,受体手术时间(45.6±3.5)min,无肝期(15.1±2.2)min,手术成功率93%,1周存活率92%,与传统二袖套法比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).SD-SD组手术成功64只,受体存活时间2～9个月,平均145 d;术后约3 d 肝功能恢复正常,肝组织病理无明显变化.SD-Wistar组手术成功57只,受体存活时间8～20 d,平均10.5 d;大鼠于术后3～5 d出现急性排斥反应,未经处理后均死亡. 结论 改良式肝移植操作简便,成功率高,可为大鼠原位肝移植实验提供稳定可靠的动物模型.     

大鼠肝移植模型的建立及排斥品系的选择

目的探讨大鼠原位肝移植手术技巧及排斥反应品系的选择。方法封闭群SD、Wistar大鼠各30只,近交系Lewis,BN大鼠各30只。通过改良双袖套法行原位肝移植,分别于术后第7 d、30 d取肝组织行病理检查,观察手术成功率、并发症和术后生存率。结果封闭群SD→Wistar大鼠48 h、1个月存活率为93.3%和89.2%;近交系Lewis→BN大鼠48 h存活率为90.0%,并于术后11 d内全部死亡。病理组织学结果示封闭群肝组织排斥反应明显轻于近交系。结论熟练的显微外科技术是模型成功的关键。SD→Wistar大鼠出现自然耐受;Lewis→BN是较理想的大鼠肝移植急性排斥反应模型。     

120例大鼠原位肝移植报道

目的建立一个稳定的大鼠原位肝移植模型,探讨其术中和术后并发症的预防。方法在Ka-mada“二袖套法”吻合血管的基础上进行改良。供体改经腹主动脉进行肝脏冷灌注;肝上下腔静脉用缝合法吻合,门静脉和肝下下腔静脉用袖套法吻合,胆总管采用单管内支架胆管端端吻合法。结果共施行大鼠原位肝移植120例,手术成功率为96.7%。大鼠1周存活率为95%,3月存活率达90%。结论娴熟细致的外科操作提高了手术成功率,受体无肝期的长短是决定动物存活的关键。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.