含氟咪唑酮系列衍生物的串联合成及其初步药理学研究

目的优化以含氟乙酰丙酸乙酯衍生物为原料一锅法合成3a-三氟甲基-2,3,3a,4-四氢-1H-苯并[d]吡咯[1,2-a]咪唑-1-酮衍生物的方法,并对合成的衍生物进行初步的药理学研究。方法以含氟乙酰丙酸乙酯衍生物与二羰基酯类化合物为原料,通过Claisen酯缩合再脱羧的方法合成3a-三氟甲基-2,3,3a,4-四氢-1H-苯并[d]吡咯[1,2-a]咪唑-1-酮类衍生物。初步药理学研究采用抗戊四唑(pentylenetetrazole,PTZ)实验对大鼠测定药物的抗惊厥活性;采用旋转法测定其神经毒性。结果成功合成5个含氟乙酰丙酸乙酯衍生物,并将其与一系列胺类化合物反应,一锅法合成了22个含氟氮杂双环化合物。初步药理结果显示:2,3,3a,4-四氢-1H-苯并[d]吡咯[1,2-a]咪唑-1-酮的ED50为50μmol/kg,保护指数(protection index,PI)为10.5(PI=TD50/ED50),显示较好的抗惊厥活性。结论本研究优化了反应条件,缩短了反应时间,提高了反应收率,合成的化合物均具有抗惊厥活性和神经毒性。     

三唑仑

[化学名]8-氯-6-(2-氯苯基)-1-甲基-4 H[1,2,4]-三唑并[4,3-a]-[1,4]苯并二氮杂(艹卓)     

4-(4-烷氧基苄基/苯乙基)-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3(4H)-酮类化合物的合成及其抗惊厥活性

目的设计合成一系列4-(4-烷氧基苄基/苯乙基)-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3(4H)-酮类化合物,并评价其抗惊厥活性和神经毒性。方法以对羟基苄胺和对羟基苯乙胺为起始原料,通过氨基保护、羟基烷基化、氨基脱保护以及氨基成三唑酮环反应合成目标化合物。采用最大电惊厥实验(MES)评价化合物的抗惊厥活性,采用旋转棒法测定其神经毒性。结果与结论合成了26个未见文献报道的新化合物,其结构经IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR和EI-MS谱确证。活性实验结果表明,所有化合物在不同剂量下都显示出抗惊厥活性。其中,4-[4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯乙基]-2H-1,2,4-三唑-3(4H)-酮(9f)的活性最强,其半数有效量ED50值为19.5 mg·kg-1,保护指数(PI)为5.1。该化合物的PI值高于阳性对照药丙戊酸钠,低于卡马西平。     

4-(4-烷氧基苯基)-3-乙基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮类化合物的合成及其抗惊厥活性

目的设计合成一系列4-(4-烷氧基苯基)-3-乙基-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮类化合物,并评价其抗惊厥活性和神经毒性。方法以对乙酰氨基酚为起始原料,经烷基化、水解、环合等反应合成1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮类化合物。通过最大电惊厥实验(MES)和神经毒性实验(NT),分别测定目标化合物的抗惊厥活性和神经毒性。结果与结论合成了20个新化合物,其结构经IR、1H-NMR和ESI-MS确证。药理学实验结果表明,所有化合物在不同剂量下都显示出抗惊厥活性。其中,3-乙基-4-(4-戊氧基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮(4e)的活性最强,其半数有效量ED50值为26.9 mg·kg-1,保护指数(PI)为11.0,虽然该化合物的活性低于阳性对照药卡马西平,但其保护指数优于卡马西平(PI=6.4);3-乙基-4-(4-(3-氟苄氧基)苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三唑-5(4H)-酮(4n)的ED50值为61.1 mg·kg-1,但其PI大于17.0,明显优于卡马西平,具有进一步研究的价值。     

镇静催眠药阿普唑仑的合成

阿普唑仑(alprazolam,1),化学名1-甲基-6-苯基-8-氯-4 H-[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a][1,4]苯并二氮(艹卓),为近年来发展的中枢神经系统药。因分子中有三唑环,使其生理活性较一般的苯并二氮(艹卓)类药强,镇静和催眠作用分别为安定的25～30倍和3.5～11倍,并有抗抑郁作用。     

[1,2,4]三氮唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶类化合物的合成及其抗肿瘤活性

目的寻找具有抗肿瘤活性的新化合物,设计合成[1,2,4]三氮唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶衍生物,并评价其体外抗肿瘤活性。方法以γ-丁内酯为起始原料,经环合、氯代、取代、硫醚化和氨甲基化等反应合成7-苯基氨基-2-[3-(5-取代氨基甲基-呋喃-2-基-甲硫基)丙基]-5-甲基-[1,2,4]三氮唑并[1,5-a]嘧啶类化合物。采用MTT法,以顺铂为阳性对照药,以Bel-7402和HT-1080为测试细胞株对目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性进行了评价。结果与结论合成了12个未见文献报道的新化合物,结构经质谱、红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱确证。体外活性实验表明:化合物16显示出很好的抗肿瘤活性。     

非戈替尼合成路线图解

<正>非戈替尼(filgotinib, GLPG0634,1,图1),英文化学名称为 N-(5-{4-[(1,1-dioxidothiomorpholino)methyl]phenyl}-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-2-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide, 中文化学名称为N-(5-{4-[(1,1-二氧代-4-硫代吗啉基)甲基]苯基}-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-a]吡啶-2-基)环丙烷甲酰胺,     

西他列汀的化学-酶法合成

目的研究西他列汀的化学-酶合成方法。方法以2,4,5-三氟苯乙酸(1)、米氏酸(丙二酸亚异丙酯,2)及3-三氟甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢[1,2,4]三唑并[4,3-a]哌嗪盐酸盐(5)为反应试剂,通过"一锅法"反应制得β-酮酰胺(6),随后,突变型ATA-117转氨酶催化转化6得到西他列汀(7)。结果经化学合成和生物转化,合成了西他列汀磷酸盐,总收率为50.7%,其结构经MS、1H-NM R和13C-NM R数据得到确证。结论本化学-酶法适宜工业化生产。     

三唑氯安定的合成

三唑氯安定,化学名:8-氯-6-苯基-4-氢-1,2,4-均三唑[4,3-α][1,4]苯骈二氮杂(艹卓),是一种新型的安眠、镇静、抗惊厥药物。关于其合成方法文献已有不少报道,但一般步骤较多,所用原料品种多,产品收率低,我们考虑到原料的配套,生产安全和简化设备,采用如下的合成路线试制,取得了成功。     

西他列汀合成路线图解

西他列汀（sitagliptin,1）,化学名为（2R）-4-氧代-4-[3-三氟甲基-5,6-二氢[1,2,4]三唑[4,3-a]吡嗪-7（8H）-基]-1-（2,4,5-三氟苯基）-丁-2-胺,是美国Merck公司研发的二肽基肽酶-Ⅳ（DPP-Ⅳ）抑制剂,2006年10月,其磷酸盐（商品名Januvia）作为首个DPP-Ⅳ抑制剂被美国FDA批准上市，临床用于治疗2型糖尿病。1有一个手性中心，其构型为R型，合成关键主要为杂环3-三氟甲基．[1，2，4]三唑[4，3．α]哌嗪（9）的制备和手性的引入。     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 1-substituted-7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline

Starting from 6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-quinoline-2-one, a series of 1-substituted-7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolines was synthesized and their structures were characterized using IR, 1H-NMR, MS, and elemental analysis techniques. Anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in the maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scMet) test, and rotarod neurotoxicity test. The most active compound was 7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline 4a. Its ED50 in the MES and scMet tests was 17.3 and 24 mg.kg-1, respectively. The safest compound was 4 g, 1-phenyl-7-benzyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline, with TD50 and protective index (PI) (PI=TD50/ED50) values of greater than 300 mg.kg-1 and 13, respectively. The PI value of compound 4 g was better than that of most marketed drugs. Structure-activity relationships are also described in this paper.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 9-alkoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[c] [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepines as potential anticonvulsant agents

A novel series of 9-alkoxy-6,7-dihydro-5H-benzo[c][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine derivatives was synthesized and screened for anticonvulsant activity by the maximal electroshock (MES) test and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test. Neurotoxic effects were also determined by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. The results revealed that all of the compounds exhibited anticonvulsant activity, Compound 5d was found to possess the most potential anticonvulsant activity in the anti-MES potency test; it had a median effective dose (ED50) of 12.3 mg/kg, a median toxicity dose (TD50) of 73.5 mg/kg, and a protective index (PI) of 6.0, which is slightly lower than the PI of the prototype drug carbamazepine (ED50=8.8, PI=8.1). In the scPTZ test, compound 5c was the most active, with an ED50 value of 19.8 mg/kg, a TD50 value of 80.8 mg/kg and a PI value of 4.1, which are much greater than the ED50 and the PI of the prototype drug carbamazepine (ED50>100, PI<0.72), Possible structure-activity relationships are also discussed.     

Synthesis of 2-substituted-7-heptyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-1(2H)-ones with anticonvulsant activity

A series of 2-substituted-7-heptyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolin-1(2H)-ones was synthesized. The anticonvulsant effect and neurotoxicity of the compounds were calculated with maximal electroshock (MES) test, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (sc-PTZ), and rotarod tests with intraperitoneally injected mice. Among the synthesized compounds, 2-propionyl-7-heptyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinoline-1(2H)-one 4b was the most active one and also had the lowest toxicity. In the anti-MES potency test, it showed median effective dose (ED(50)) of 8.2 mg/kg, median toxicity dose (TD(50)) of 318.3 mg/kg, and the protective index (PI) of 39.0 which is much greater than the PI of the reference drugs phenytoin and carbamazepine.     

Synthesis of 8-alkoxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole[4,3-a]quinoline-1-ones and evaluation of their anticonvulsant properties

A series of 8-alkoxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazole[4,3-a]quinoline-1-one derivatives were synthesized using 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolone as the starting material. Their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated by the maximal electroshock test (MES) and the subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole test (sc-PTZ), and their neurotoxicities were measured by the rotarod neurotoxicity test (Tox). The tests demonstrated that 8-hexyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1.2.4]triazole[4.3-a]quinoline-1-one (4e) and 8-heptyloxy-4,5-dihydro-[1,2,4] triazole[4,3-a]quinoline-1-one (4f) were the most potent anticonvulsants, with 4e having ED50 values of 17.17 mg/kg and 24.55 mg/kg and protective index (PI = TD50/ED50) values of 41.9 and 29.3 in the MES and sc-PTZ tests, respectively, and 4f having ED50 values of 19.7 mg/kg and 21.2 mg/kg and PI values of 36.5 and 33.9 in the MES and sc-PTZ tests, respectively. The PI values of 4e and 4f were many fold better than that of the marketed drugs phenytoin, carbamazepine, phenobarbital and valproate, which have PI values in the range of 1.6-8.1 in the MES test and < 0.22-5.2 in the sc-PTZ test. Structure-activity relationships were also discussed.     

Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 5‐Phenyl‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinolines

A series of novel 5‐phenyl‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoline derivatives was synthesized by the cyclization of 2‐chloro‐4‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene with formohydrazide. The starting material 2‐chloro‐4‐phenyl‐1,2‐dihydronaphthalene was synthesized from ethyl‐3‐oxo‐3‐phenylpropanoate and substituted aniline. Their anticonvulsant activities were evaluated by the maximal electroshock (MES) test and their neurotoxicity was evaluated by the rotarod neurotoxicity test (Tox). The maximal electroshock test showed that 7‐hexyloxy‐5‐phenyl‐[1,2,4]‐triazolo[4,3‐a]quinoline 4f was found to be the most potent compound with an ED₅₀ value of 6.5 mg/kg and a protective index (PI = ED₅₀ / TD₅₀) value of 35.1, which was much higher than the PI of the reference drug phenytoin.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 7-alkoxy-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]thiazin-1-ones in various murine experimental seizure models

A novel series of 7-alkoxy-2,4-dihydro-1H-benzo[b][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]-thiazin-1-ones have been synthesized and tested for their anticonvulsant activity using the maximal electroshock (MES) method. The majority of the compounds prepared were effective in the MES screens at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. Of the compounds tested, the most promising was 7-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]-2,4-dihydro-1H-[1,2,4]-triazolo[4,3-d][1,4]-benzothiazin-1-one (6m), which showed an ED₅₀ value of 9.2 mg/kg in the MES test in mice. Furthermore, the compound exhibited a PI value of 15.4 which was superior to the standard drug carbamazepine (PI value of 6.4). As well as demonstrating the anti-MES efficacy of compound 6m, its potency against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and bicuculline were also established, with the results suggesting that several different mechanisms of action might be involved in its anticonvulsant activity, including the inhibition of voltage-gated ion channels and the modulation of GABAergic activity.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of 8-alkoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine derivatives

A novel series of 8-alkoxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine derivatives were synthesized and characterized by IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their anticonvulsant activities by the maximal electroshock (MES) test and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazol (scPTZ) test, and their neurotoxic effects were determined by the rotarod neurotoxicity test. Compound 8-pentyloxy-5,6-dihydro-4H-benzo[f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]azepine (3d) besides being one of the most active compounds had the lowest toxicity. In the anti-MES potency test, it showed median effective dose (ED₅₀) of 17.5?mg/kg, and had protective index (PI) value of 6.5, which is slightly less than that of the prototype drug carbamazepine (PI?=?8.1). Its value of ED₅₀ and PI in the anti-scPTZ test were 21.2 and 5.4, respectively, the latter value (PI) of which is much greater than that of the prototype drug carbamazepine (ED₅₀?>100, PI?<0.72). Possible structure–activity relationship has been discussed.     

Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity Evaluation of 5‐Phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazolin‐3‐amines

In the present study we describe the syntheses and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 5‐phenyl‐[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐c]quinazolin‐3‐amine derivatives. Their anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity were evaluated by the maximal electroshock seizure test (MES) and the rotarod test, respectively. The majority of the compounds prepared were effective in the MES screens at a dose level of 100 mg/kg. Of these compounds, the most promising was compound 8h , which showed an ED₅₀ value of 27.4 mg/kg and a protective index (PI) value of 5.8. These values were superior to those provided by valproate (ED₅₀ and PI values of 272 and 1.6, respectively) in the MES test in mice. As well as its anti‐MES efficacy, the potencies of compound 8h against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and thiosemicarbazide were also established, with the results suggesting that the GABAergic system‐mediated mechanisms might be involved in its anticonvulsant activity.     

Synthesis and evaluation of anticonvulsant activities of 7‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b ]pyridine derivatives

A series of 7‐phenyl‐4,5,6,7‐tetrahydrothieno[3,2‐b]pyridine derivatives containing triazole and other heterocycle substituents (methyltriazole, tetrazole, and triazolone) is described. Two experimental methods, maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ), were used to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the target compounds. Moreover, the neurotoxicity (NT) was tested using the Rotarod test. 5‐(4‐Chlorophenyl)‐4,5‐dihydrothieno[2,3‐e][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐a]pyridine ( 6c ) showed the best anticonvulsant activity. In the MES and PTZ experiments, the 50% effective dose (ED₅₀) values of compound 6c were 9.5 and 20.5 mg/kg, respectively. From the therapeutic index (PI) values, 6c (MES and PTZ with PI values of 48.0 and 22.2, respectively) showed better safety than the clinical drugs carbamazepine (MES with PI value of 6.4) and ethosuximide (PTZ with PI value of 3.2). The biological activities of the compounds were verified by using molecular docking studies. Compound 6c showed significant interactions with residues at the benzodiazepine‐binding site on gamma‐aminobutyric acid A (GABA_A) receptors. The results of in vivo GABA estimation and bicuculline‐induced seizures showed that 6c may have an effect on the GABA system. The physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of the target compounds were predicted.     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activities of some triazolothiadiazole derivatives

The present study describes the synthesis and anticonvulsant activity evaluation of 6-substituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives (4a-4x) and their partially dehydrogenated products 5,6-dihydro-6-substituted-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole derivatives (5a-5n). The bioevaluation demonstrated that most compounds in the series of 4a-4x exhibited potent anticonvulsant activity in the maximal electroshock test. Among which, 6-(4-chlorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole (4h) emerged as the most promising candidate on the basis of its favorable ED(50) value of 23.7 mg/kg and PI value of 10.8. In addition, the potency of compound 4h against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and bicuculline in the chemical-induced seizure tests suggested that compound 4h displayed broad-spectrum activity in several models, and it may exert its anticonvulsant activity through affecting the GABAergic system.