经皮血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄

目的探讨经血管内支架成形术治疗症状性椎基底动脉狭窄的适应证、疗效及安全性。方法应用经皮血管内支架成形术对13例经内科药物治疗无效的症状性椎基底动脉狭窄进行治疗。结果13例患者术前狭窄为(76.15±15.11)%,术后狭窄为(3.69±3.04)%。围手术期无并发症,术后无缺血性脑卒中发作,随访8~12个月,10例症状完全消失,2例症状较术前明显好转,偶尔有头晕,1例症状改善(DSA显示多段狭窄,左侧大脑后动脉闭塞,小脑后下动脉显影差)。结论症状性椎基底动脉狭窄患者,内科治疗无效时,经皮血管内支架成形术是一种安全有效的微创治疗手段,可以缓解椎基底动脉狭窄患者的脑缺血症状,预防脑卒中的发生。     

椎-基底动脉狭窄血管内支架植入25例疗效分析

目的探讨椎-基底动脉狭窄患者血管内支架植入治疗的疗效和安全性。方法 2009年3月至2010年11月收治25例椎-基底动脉狭窄患者,经DSA证实26支责任血管,临床表现为短暂性脑缺血发作7例,症状性脑卒中18例。对25例患者进行了血管成形及支架植入治疗,并于1、6、12个月随访临床症状及支架情况,了解有无再狭窄。结果支架植入后,25例患者的动脉狭窄程度从治疗前的76.9%(50%～98%)下降至5.2%(0～30%),残余狭窄率为3%～25%,远端血供良好。除1例患者支架植入过程中对比剂外渗和1例出现脑血管痉挛外,无严重并发症发生。结论在严格把握适应证下行椎-基底动脉狭窄支架植入治疗,手术成功率较高,再狭窄率低,可明显减少脑卒中的风险。     

缺血性脑血管疾病的支架血管成形治疗

目的　总结缺血性脑血管疾病的支架血管成形治疗经验。方法　对 2 4例颈动脉狭窄、10例颅内动脉狭窄、4例椎动脉开口狭窄、3例颈动脉夹层瘤患者进行了血管内支架治疗。颈动脉支架植入术均在局麻下进行 ,术前常规安装心脏临时起博器 ,颈动脉支架分别采用PRECISE、CAROTIDWALL STENT、PROTE'GE'自膨胀支架 ,且均在滤网 (ANGIOGUARD、SPIDER、FILERWIRE)保护下进行 ,并根据狭窄程度 ,部分进行了血管预扩和后扩。颅内支架植入在全麻下进行 ,分别采用AVE、BX、HEXACATH等球囊扩张支架。结果　所有患者均成功地实施了支架植入 ,血管狭窄率从平均 75 .2 %下降低到 9.5 % ,围手术期无脑卒中和死亡等并发症 ,术后弥散MRI未见有新的无症状性脑梗死。随访 2～ 2 4个月 ,无脑缺血事件发生。结论　支架技术是颅内外脑动脉狭窄的一种微侵袭、安全和有效的治疗方法。由于技术不断改进、材料不断发展 ,支架血管成形治疗缺血性脑血管病将会更广泛地应用。长期随访是必要的。     

经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄

目的　探讨经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术治疗椎基底动脉狭窄的效果和安全性。方法　 2 0 0 3年 4月至 2 0 0 4年 6月间 ,2 8例椎基底动脉狭窄患者进行了经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术治疗。结果　 2 8例患者 ,18例为优势侧椎动脉狭窄 ,4例为双侧椎动脉狭窄 ,3例为一侧椎动脉狭窄、对侧椎动脉闭塞 ,1例为串联狭窄 ,2例为基底动脉狭窄。狭窄段位于椎动脉开口 7例 ,位于颈部椎动脉 2例 ,位于颅内段 17例。MoriA型病变 2 4例 ,B型病变 3例 ,C型病变 1例。全组技术成功率 10 0 % ,术前2 8例平均狭窄率为 81.3% ,术后残余狭窄率均 <10 % ,(P <0 .0 1)。所有病例在围手术期内均未发生严重并发症。本组随访 17例患者 ,时间为 6个月 ,Malek评分为 1分者 15例 ,2分者 2例。DSA脑血管造影复查 3例均未见支架内再狭窄。结论　经皮腔内血管成形和支架植入术是治疗椎基底动脉供血不足 ,预防椎基底动脉系统卒中的安全、有效方法 ;近期预后良好     

金属裸支架与药物洗脱支架在治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞中的应用

目的评价金属裸支架(bare metal stent,BMS)与药物洗脱支架(drug eluting stent,DES)治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞的安全性、有效性和中短期疗效并作初步比较。方法对2005年3月至2008年1月收治的25例症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄与急性闭塞患者行血管内球囊支架成形治疗。结果25例患者成功植入28枚球囊支架,其中BMS15枚,DES13枚。植入椎动脉支架25枚,基底动脉支架3枚(其中2枚为基底动脉急性闭塞经溶栓后植入)。血管平均狭窄程度从治疗前的平均81.4%(50%～95%)降低到6.3%(0%～15%)。22例经2～36个月临床随访,平均随访23个月,3例失访。1例患者植入1枚BMS后9个月症状复发,DSA复查发现支架再狭窄达50%,患者拒绝继续治疗;1例患者植入1枚DES后35d出现急性血栓闭塞,经急诊再植入1枚DES后血管开通良好。余20例超声复查支架通畅,未见明确狭窄,未见卒中及脑缺血发作。随访22例中19例(86.4%)症状明显缓解或消失,3例(13.6%)部分缓解。结论BMS与DES治疗症状性椎-基底动脉狭窄安全、有效,中短期效果令人满意。DES降低手术后支架内再狭窄发生率具有一定的预防作用,优于BMS金属裸支架。     

椎基底动脉夹层瘤的影像学特征和介入治疗策略

目的　总结椎基底动脉夹层瘤的影像诊断和介入治疗经验。方法　收治临床表现为蛛网膜下腔出血 ,小脑梗死或基底动脉供血不足的椎基底动脉夹层患者 4 8例 ,全部病人进行DSA ,部分作CTA或MRA。 4例患者行单纯口服抗凝治疗 ,6例行血管内孤立治疗 ,4例行单纯血管内支架植入治疗(其中 2例行双支架植入 ) ,34例行支架植入加弹簧圈栓塞治疗。结果　无患者出现严重并发症或再次出血 ,椎基底动脉供血不足者临床症状明显改善 ,无手术死亡病例。结论　椎基底动脉夹层瘤好发于椎动脉PICA上段 ,内膜剥脱造成的血管内充盈缺损、血管狭窄和膨大相混杂呈串珠状或血管线样狭窄、偏心性动脉瘤为椎基底动脉的主要影像学特征。治疗策略应根据临床症状、夹层瘤的部位、形态及其与周围分支的关系而确定。对影像表现为血管轻度狭窄的缺血性颅内外夹层瘤可行药物抗凝治疗 ;对狭窄较重 ,尤其是累及基底动脉者可行支架植入。对出血的颅内夹层瘤均应手术治疗 :非供血主干侧PICA上段或PICA下段夹层瘤可行血管内隔绝 ;与PICA或前脊髓动脉毗邻者行支架植入加弹簧圈栓塞 ;累及PICA或前脊髓动脉者行近端闭塞 ,支架植入或外科手术治疗。优势供血侧或侧支循环不足的椎基底动脉夹层瘤应作支架植入加弹簧圈栓塞治疗。随着支架性能的不断改进     

颅外颈动脉狭窄支架成形治疗的短期疗效分析

目的　分析颅外颈动脉狭窄支架成形治疗的安全性、有效性和短期疗效。方法　 2 0 0 0年10月至 2 0 0 2年 9月共收治颈动脉狭窄 93例 ,其中颈内动脉颅外分叉部狭窄 86例 ,单纯颅外段狭窄 4例 ,单纯颈总动脉狭窄 2例 ,功能性颈外动脉狭窄 1例 ,采用自膨胀支架进行血管成形治疗。结果　 93例支架植入均获得成功 ,血管狭窄程度从治疗前的平均 (79.5± 14 .6) %降低到 (11.2± 7.8) % ,围手术期无死亡及大卒中发生 ,1例患者出现一过性缺血发作 (TIA) (1.1% ) ,1例患者出现小卒中 (1.1% )。 91例患者获得术后临床随访 ,随访期 3～ 2 5个月 (平均 7.9个月 ) ,随访期间无TIA及卒中发生 ,无死亡。DSA随访 2 9例 ,再狭窄 1例 (3 .4 % )但无临床症状。结论　血管内支架成形术是治疗颈动脉狭窄的安全而有效方法 ,短期效果也令人满意     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄

目的　总结血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉狭窄的疗效和初步经验。方法　对2 0例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性缺血发作 (TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的大脑中动脉狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后常规给予抗血小板治疗 ,血管造影及TCD、SPECT进行影像学随访。结果　狭窄的血管均成功地进行扩张 ,术前术后狭窄程度分别为 (78.3± 4 .7) %与 (15 .6± 4 .4 ) % ,术后残余狭窄程度均小于 3 0 %。临床随访无TIA或脑梗死再发 ,DSA随访无血管再狭窄发生 ,经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)、SPECT检查显示脑血流明显改善。 1例发生大脑中动脉破裂出血。结论　血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉狭窄是安全、有效的 ;长期疗效有待于进一步观察     

血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉M1段狭窄17例分析

目的观察血管内支架成形术治疗症状性大脑中动脉(MCA)M1段狭窄的疗效。方法对17例药物治疗无效的、反复短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)或有明显脑缺血症状的MCA狭窄患者行血管内支架成形术。术后行血管造影及经颅多普勒超声检查(TCD),并进行影像学随访。结果狭窄的血管均成功扩张,术前与术后狭窄程度分别为(76.3±4.5)%与(14.6±4.1)%,术后残余狭窄程度均<20%。临床随访无TIA或脑卒中再发,全脑血管造影(DSA)随访无血管再狭窄发生,TCD检查显示脑血流明显改善。结论血管内支架成形术治疗大脑中动脉M1段狭窄安全、有效。     

血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄28例

目的探讨血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄的临床效果和安全性。方法 2006年7月—2010年12月,采用经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅内狭窄28例。结果治疗狭窄颅内动脉28支,其中置入冠脉球扩式支架16枚,Wingspan支架6枚,apollo支架6枚,支架不能到位,放弃手术1例。27支动脉狭窄程度均明显改善,狭窄程度由原来的(89.36±5.63)%下降至(4.23±1.57)%,无死亡病倒,术后27例患者症状均明显改善,1例基底动脉重度狭窄患者术后出现一侧肢体麻木的并发症,1例术后出现脑栓塞表现,3 d后恢复正常,其他26例患者无并发症,随访2～12个月,无短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发作,随访患者经颅多普勒超声(TCD)结果显示,原狭窄血管近端、远端血流速度和支架置入后24 h的TCD结果无明显差别。结论血管内支架成形术是治疗症状性颅内动脉狭窄的安全、有效的方法,临床效果好,并发症少。适应证的正确选择、术中熟练的导管导丝技术和围术期的专业处理是手术成功的关键,但其远期疗效还需要长期随访。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.