女性易性症明尼苏达多项人格测验结果分析

目的 了解女性易性症的人格特质.方法 对32例女性易性症患者和32例正常女性进行了明尼苏达多项人格(MMPI)测验.结果女性易性症的精神病态(60.14±10.66)和女性男性化(67.86±8.08)量表分超过60分,MMPI各项大多是女性易性症患者高于正常女性.结论 女性易性症患者存在特殊的人格特质,同时也存在较多的心理问题.     

体象障碍患者人格特征研究

目的 探讨体象障碍(BDD)患者与正常人以及强迫症患者的人格特征差异,为临床诊断和治疗提供帮助.方法 采用体象障碍自评量表(SRSBI)、明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI),对29例BDD患者、30例强迫症患者与30名正常人进行对照研究.结果在MMPI临床量表中,体象障碍组1～10量表分均极显著高于正常对照组;偏执(Pa)、精神衰弱(Pt)、精神分裂(Sc)、社会内向(Si)等量表分[(68.18±8.70)分,(65.44±8.73)分,(61.39±9.37)分,(60.70±12.88)分]显著高于强迫症组[(61.09±13.29)分,(58.82±10.26 )分,(56.23±9.58)分,(50.03±12.63)分]( t =3.26,3.03,2.20,3.31,P ＜0.05),而癔病(Hy)量表分[(57.30±8.96)分]显著低于强迫症组[(64.80±11.34)分,( t =3.35,P ＜0.01)].结论 体象障碍患者存在明显的病态人格特征,比强迫症患者为甚;显著的病态人格是BDD症状产生的病理心理基础之一,对体象障碍的心理治疗有一定的指导意义.     

强迫症患者明尼苏达多相人格测定特征研究

目的探索强迫症患者的人格特征以及不同临床特点对强迫症患者人格的影响。方法采用Yale Brown强迫量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和明尼苏达多相人格测定问卷 (MMPI) ,对 46例强迫症患者进行测试 ,并与 41例正常人做对照研究。结果强迫症组疑病、抑郁、癔症、心理变态、男性化 女性化、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂以及社会内向因子分均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;除癔症和社会内向两因子外 ,其他MMPI各因子分男性强迫症患者明显高于女性患者 (P <0 .0 5或P <0 .0 1) ;强迫症患者MMPI的疑病、抑郁、男性化 女性化以及精神衰弱等因子与患者的焦虑抑郁情绪呈正相关 ,而与强迫症状的严重程度无关。结论强迫症患者可能存在病态心理状态 ;不同性别的强迫症患者其人格特点存在一定的差异性 ;强迫症患者的人格特征与焦虑、抑郁情绪之间可能存在一定的相关性     

躯体形式障碍患者明尼苏达多相个性调查问卷模式分析

目的探讨躯体形式障碍患者的明尼苏达多相个性调查问卷(MMPI)模式,并剖析患者心理特征,以协助临床医师进行诊断和治疗.方法采用病例对照研究,MMPI对53名躯体形式障碍患者进行测试,同时选取48名健康被试进行对照研究.结果躯体形式障碍患者各临床量表平均T分值为Hs:(71.48±11.59)分;D:(71.5±10.85)分;Hy:(72.9±10.08)分;Pd:(62.70±11.39)分;Pa:(60.32±11.38)分;Pt:(64.40±9.74)分;Sc:(60.27±11.92)分;Si:(54.86±9.43)分,均高于对照组(P＜0.01);测图高峰依次为Hy、D、Hs、Pt.结论躯体形式障碍患者的MMPI符合神经症剖图,应进行心理加药物的综合治疗.     

躯体形式障碍患者生理心理社会危险因素的研究

目的 探讨躯体形式障碍患者的生理心理社会危险因素.方法 采用生化分析仪、心电图机、脑电图机、计算机断层扫描仪(CT)、一般情况调查表、明尼苏达多相个性调查问卷(MMPI)、多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、生活事件量表(LES)、防御方式问卷(DSQ)以及社会支持评定量表(SSRS)对60例躯体形式障碍患者(研究组)以及60例健康志愿者(对照组)进行测查,分析躯体形式障碍患者的生理心理社会危险因素.结果 研究组不成熟防御方式评分[(4.04±0.89)分]高于对照组[(3.43±0.65)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组述情障碍量表中TAS总分、因子Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ[分别为(86.20±11.15)分、(21.12±3.28)分、(26.08±3.86)分、(18.21±4.69)分、(23.44±5.60)分]均高于对照组[分别为(65.00±10.12)分、(12.43±5.18)分、(15.64±5.57)分、(15.56±3.16)分、(18.71±4.30)分],均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组MMPI量表中疑病、抑郁、癔症、男性-女性化、偏执、心理变态得分[分别为(72.79±10.50)分、(68.46±13.63)分、(79.03±12.12)分、(51.72±7.74)分、(57.98±10.60)分、(54.98±8.83)分]均高于对照组[分别为(51.66±10.11)分、(47.96±9.42)分、(51.47±11.90)分、(43.66±8.77)分、(47.67±6.69)分、(47.48±8.67)分],均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);研究组生活事件总分与负性事件总分[(89.66±68.60)分、(82.65±65.16)分]均高于对照组[(56.00±56.79)分、(39.14±46.05)分],均差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明不成熟防御方式、述情障碍总分、负性事件总分、MMPI中的疑病、抑郁、癔症人格是躯体形式障碍发病的危险因素(优势比OR分别为6.84,9.12,5.83,2.69,1.81,11.20,P＜0.01).结论 躯体形式障碍患者的生理状况基本正常,有一定的人格基础,存在明显的述情障碍,患者的社会支持情况尚可,但多有一定的负性生活事件,防御方式主要以不成熟的防御方式为主.     

躯体形式障碍患者述情障碍和人格特征的研究

目的 探讨躯体形式障碍患者的述情障碍和人格特征及两者间的关系.方法 采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS)、明尼苏达多相个性调查问卷(MMPI)分别对60例躯体形式障碍患者(研究组)及60名健康者(对照组)测评,分析躯体形式障碍患者的述情障碍和人格特征及两者间的关系.结果 患者组TAS总分及因子I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ评分[分别为(86.20±11.15)分、(21.12±3.28)分、(26.08±3.86)分、(18.21±4.69)分、(23.44±5.60)分]均高于对照组[分别为(65.00±10.12)分、(12.43 ±5.18)分、(15.64±5.57)分、(15.56±3.16)分、(18.71 ±4.30)分],其MMPI各临床量表中疑病、抑郁、癔症、男性,女性化、偏执、精神病态平均T分值[分别为(72.79±10.50)分、(68.46±13.63)分、(79.03±12.12)分、(51.72±7.74)分、(57.98±10.60)分、(54.98±8.83)分]均高于对照组[分别为(51.66±10.11)分、(47.96 ±9.42)分、(51.47±11.90)分、(43.66±8.77)分、(47.67±6.69)分、(47.48±8.67)分],差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);患者组TAS因子I与抑郁、精神病态、偏执均呈正相关,因子Ⅱ与抑郁呈正相关(r分别为0.454,0.405,0.477,0.437,P＜0.05).结论 躯体形式障碍患者有一定的人格基础,存在明显的述情障碍,并且这两者密切相关.     

强迫症患者明尼苏达多相人格测定特征研究

目的探索强迫症患者的人格特征以及不同临床特点对强迫症患者人格的影响.方法采用Yale-Brown强迫量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表和明尼苏达多相人格测定问卷(MMPI),对46例强迫症患者进行测试,并与41例正常人做对照研究.结果强迫症组疑病、抑郁、癔症、心理变态、男性化-女性化、偏执、精神衰弱、精神分裂以及社会内向因子分均显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);除癔症和社会内向两因子外,其他MMPI各因子分男性强迫症患者明显高于女性患者(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);强迫症患者MMPI的疑病、抑郁、男性化-女性化以及精神衰弱等因子与患者的焦虑抑郁情绪呈正相关,而与强迫症状的严重程度无关.结论强迫症患者可能存在病态心理状态;不同性别的强迫症患者其人格特点存在一定的差异性;强迫症患者的人格特征与焦虑、抑郁情绪之间可能存在一定的相关性.     

抑郁症患者依赖和自我批评人格特质与童年期虐待的相关性

目的 探讨抑郁症患者依赖、自我批评人格特质与童年期虐待经历及抑郁症状的关系.方法 采用病例对照研究,抑郁症组与正常对照各入组80例.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、抑郁体验问卷(DEQ)及儿童虐待问卷(CTQ)对其进行分别评估.结果 抑郁患者人格特质中依赖[(90.77±14.54)分]和自我批评[(68.00±15.02)分]均高于对照组[分别为:(77.96±11.81)分,(50.02±10.38)分],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).依赖与躯体虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视及虐待总分呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).自我批评则与情感虐待、躯体虐待、情感忽视、躯体忽视及虐待总分均呈显著正相关(P＜0.05).逐步多元线性回归分析显示,依赖、自我批评可直接预测抑郁症状[分别为(β=0.283,P＜0.05)、(β=0.284,P＜0.05)],情感虐待通过依赖、自我批评的中介作用影响抑郁症状.结论 情感虐待对抑郁的影响可以通过依赖和自我批评人格特质间接发生作用,依赖、自我批评人格特质在情感虐待和抑郁之间起中介作用.     

66例边缘型人格障碍患者防御方式和人格特征的典则相关分析

目的:探索边缘型人格障碍患者的防御方式和人格特征及其相互关系。方法:对66例边缘型人格障碍住院患者进行防御方式问卷(DSQ)和明尼苏达多相人格调查表(MMPI)的施测,将DSQ 3个主要因子和MMPI 10个临床量表做典则相关分析。结果:不成熟防御机制、成熟防御机制和中间型防御机制三因子均分分别为(5.18±1.13),(5.00±1.16),(4.75±0.72);除男性化-女性化、社会内向以外,所有MMPI临床量表T分平均分均高于中国常模60分。第一对典则变量的相关系数为0.713,主要反映不成熟和中间型防御机制与人格特征的偏执狂、精神衰弱、精神分裂和社会内向存在正相关关系;第二对典则变量相关系数为0.518,主要反映成熟防御机制与人格特征的抑郁之间存在负相关关系。结论:边缘型人格障碍患者不成熟防御机制和中间型防御机制与精神病性倾向和部分神经症性倾向的人格特征存在明显的相关性。     

食道癌患者的生存期与个性特征、应付方式及免疫功能的相关性研究

目的探讨食道癌患者的生存期与个性特征、应付方式等心理因素及其与免疫功能的关系。方法对食道癌晚期患者(食道癌Ⅰ组)、食道癌较长生存期患者(食道癌Ⅱ组)及正常健康人(对照组)分别进行明尼苏达多相个性测验(MMPI)、应付方式问卷(CSQ)、免疫功能测试,并做相关分析。结果(1)MMPI:食道癌Ⅱ组人格障碍评分(42.0±10.5),社会内向评分(42.2±11.6),低于其他两组犤食道癌Ⅰ组为(49.3±11.2)分和(48.3±9.4)分,对照组为(48.6±10.9)分和(39.9±11.5)分犦;P均<0.05。(2)CSQ:解决问题和求助因子分,食道癌Ⅰ组犤分别为(0.68±0.27)分和(0.42±0.18)分犦均低于食道癌Ⅱ组犤分别为(0.82±0.18)分和(0.65±0.21)分犦,P<0.05和P<0.01。食道癌Ⅱ组更多采用成熟的应对方式。(3)自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞):食道癌Ⅱ组水平(21.4±9.2)高于食道癌Ⅰ组犤(14.2±8.8)犦P<0.05;而NK细胞水平与MMPI的抑郁(r=-0.35)、人格障碍((r=-0.39)、偏执(r=-0.29)、精神衰弱(r=-0.30)及精神分裂(r=-0.30)等量表呈负相关,与CSQ的解决问题因子(r=0.35)及应付方式类型(r=0.34)呈正相关。结论与食道癌Ⅰ组比较,食道癌Ⅱ组更为外向,负性情绪更少,更多采用成熟的应对方式,其NK细胞水平较高,对食道癌的预后产生了积极的影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.