儿童腺样体及扁桃体切除术后并发症分析及处理

目的：探究对于儿童腺样体、扁桃体切除术后,患者出现并发症的原因,以及如何处理并发症。方法：选取近两年在我院接受腺样体和扁桃体切除术的儿童500例,分析患儿并发症发生的原因。结果：儿童在腺样体切除术后,出现并发症的患儿共有30例,其发生率为10.00%,其中患儿出现并发症的症状有术后出血、病情复发、分泌性中耳炎、鼻咽部反流等。两种不同方式腺样体切除术患者并发症发生率有差异,统计学上有意义（P〈0.05）。儿童在扁桃体切除术后,出现并发症的患儿共有35例,其发生率为111.29%,其中患儿出现并发症的情况有术后出血、发热、感染等。两种不同方式扁桃体切除术患者并发症的发生率有差异,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：儿童在腺样体、扁桃体切除术后出现并发症的几率较高,应对儿童出现并发症的现象作出较为精准的预防措施,术后加强患者的临床观察,最大程度的降低患者的并发症发生率。     

低温等离子体系统在扁桃体、腺样体肥大手术治疗中的应用

目的:低温等离子体系统在扁桃体、腺样体肥大手术治疗中的应用及疗效.方法:回顾性分析低温等离子体系统治疗扁桃体、腺样体肥大患者60例临床资料.结果:扁桃体、腺样体肥大术后无出血59例(98.3%),出血1例(1.7%);随访6个月,无扁桃体、腺样体复发.结论:低温等离子体系统是目前治疗扁桃体、腺样体肥大的一个最安全、有效方法.     

扁桃体及腺样体手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征

目的:探讨儿童扁桃体腺样体切除术治疗阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床疗效及其手术适应症。方法:对121例儿童扁桃体及(或)腺样体切除手术前后相关症状、睡眠情况及生活质量的变化进行回顾性分析。结果:术后呼吸道症状和其他并发症的缓解率达到85.4%~100%,患儿夜间打鼾、呼吸暂停、窒息、惊醒等症状消失,体重普遍增加,学习成绩提高。结论:扁桃体及腺样体肥大的患儿,如出现临床症状及并发症,应及早进行手术治疗。常规扁桃体切除及鼻内镜下腺样体吸切术是目前治疗儿童OSAHS安全、有效的方法。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床分析

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析术前经多导睡眠监测仪(polysomnography,PSG)确诊的93例儿童OSAHS,14例行双侧扁桃体挤切术,79例患儿行双侧扁桃体挤切术加腺样体刮除术,术后6～12个月行PSG复查。结果根据中华医学会耳鼻咽喉科学分会杭州会议OSAHS疗效评定标准进行评定,治愈57例(61.3%),显效27例(29%),有效9例(9.7%),无效0例。结论腺样体或(和)扁桃体肥大是儿童OSAHS的主要致病原因,腺样体切除术和扁桃体摘除术是最有效的治疗方式,疗效确切。     

手术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征80例

目的探讨腺样体切除术或(和)扁桃体切除术对于儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效,对效果不佳的原因进行分析、讨论。方法回顾性分析经腺样体切除术或(和)扁桃体切除术治疗的80例儿童OSAHS的临床表现、治疗方法和预后疗效。结果术后随访3个月时,治愈73例,显效5例,有效2例;术后随访6个月时,治愈72例,显效3例,有效2例,无效3例(其中肥胖患儿2例,脑瘫患儿1例),对无效的3例患儿给予减肥、戴呼吸机治疗,均取得满意效果。结论手术切除腺样体或(和)扁桃体是治疗儿童OSAHS的重要方法之一。对于治疗效果不佳的患儿应具体问题具体分析,采用个性化治疗,均可进一步提高疗效。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征62例的手术治疗的临床分析

目的 探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的手术治疗的方法及临床效果。方法 对62例OSAHS患儿进行回顾性分析,其中单纯摘除较大一侧的扁桃体20例,扁桃体剥离＋腺样体切除术32例,单纯腺样体切除术10例.结果 全部患儿顺利完成手术,手术时间40～90 min,未出现严重并发症,经半年以上随访,痊愈46例,好转13例,无效3例,总有效率（痊愈率加好转率）为95.2％。住院时间4～8天,平均5天.无效的3例均为肥胖儿童,嘱患儿减肥,戴呼吸机治疗,最终取得了满意的疗效。结论 常规的扁桃体剥离术手术时间短,并发症少,术中出血少,术后反应小,术后恢复快.在鼻内镜引导下行腺样体切除,术野清晰,在明视下行腺样体切除,操作准确,不易伤及咽鼓管圆枕,局部止血效果好,出血少,术后愈合快[1],值得临床推广应用。     

腺样体、扁桃体切除术治疗儿童顽固性分泌性中耳炎的疗效分析

目的:探讨腺样体、扁桃体切除术对儿童顽固性分泌性中耳炎(OME)的疗效。方法:对我院102例166耳保守治疗反复发作的顽固性OME患儿,经常规专科检查、鼻腔鼻窦CT检查确诊为腺样体肥大或(和)扁桃体肥大,行腺样体或腺样体+扁桃体切除术。并于术后随访过程中进行常规电耳镜检查及听力学检测,并结合症状改善情况对其进行疗效评估。结果:经6-12个月随访,治愈134耳(80.7%),有效21耳(12.7%),无效11耳(6.6%),总有效率为93.4%。结论:腺样体切除或腺样体+扁桃体切除术是治疗儿童顽固性OME的一种有效治疗手段。     

儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征57例手术疗效观察

目的探讨儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的临床特点及手术治疗效果.方法回顾分析57例儿童OSAHS手术患儿的临床资料,主要手术方式为扁桃体摘除术 射频仪腺样体射频治疗.结果发病年龄以3～6岁为主(72%);57例术后主要症状完全消失;无手术并发症.术后3个月PSG检查,所有病例,AHI均＜次/h,最低血氧饱和度＞0.90;各项指标手术前后比较(P＜0.01),随访6～12个月,无复发.结论扁桃体、腺样体肥大是引起儿童OSAHS的主要原因;扁桃体、腺样体切除术是治疗儿童OSAHS的有效办法,而且在明视下手术疗效更好.     

鼻内镜下动力系统切割器行腺样体切除术疗效评价

目的探讨鼻内镜下经口动力系统切割器行腺样体切除术(ETA)的临床疗效。方法腺样体肥大患儿106例随机分为56例接受鼻内镜下动力系统切割器行腺样体切除术(ETA组),50例接受常规腺样体刮除术(TCA组),比较两种术式的临床疗效。结果 TCA组中有5例(10.0%))存在腺样体残留,有2例(4.0%)发生并发症(出血及咽鼓管咽口损伤);ETA组中无腺样体残留及并发症发生,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论鼻内镜下动力系统切割器行腺样体切除术疗效确切,是治疗腺样体肥大的最好手术方式。     

显微镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术的临床分析

目的：探讨显微镜下低温等离子刀应用于扁桃体腺样体切除术的效果。方法82例慢性扁桃体炎并腺样体肥大患儿根据手术方式分组：35例行常规手术为A组,47例行显微镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术为B组,对比2组的临床疗效。结果 B组的手术时间、术中出血量及术后6 h VAS评分均显著低于A组（P<0.05）;B组术后并发症发生率为4.26%,显著低于A组的17.14%（P<0.05）。结论显微镜下低温等离子刀扁桃体腺样体切除术创伤小、术中出血少、术后疼痛轻且并发症少,值得推广应用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.