人工蛹虫草子实体对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响

目的：观察人工蛹虫草子实体及其不同提取物对正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响，分析其影响免疫功能的有效提取部位。方法：以不同浓度提取物与脾细胞共孵育72h，采用MTT法测定淋巴细胞的增殖，观察提取物对淋巴细胞增殖的影响。另以10mg·kg^-1，30mg·kg^-1剂量人工蛹虫草子实体的水提取物及微粉化原药水溶液小鼠ig给药11d，制备脾淋巴细胞悬液，培养72h后测定细胞增殖。结果：在体外。水提取物有显著增强脾淋巴细胞增殖效应，且与ConA和LPS有协同促增殖效应，水提醇沉提取物可促进正常淋巴细胞增殖，而对ConA、LPS活化后的增殖无明显影响；甲醇提取物对淋巴细胞增殖有抑制作用。体内给予水提物和子实体微粉水溶液两个剂量也均显示促进淋巴细胞的自然增殖作用（P〈0．05），但对ConA或LPS活化后的淋巴细胞无协同作用。结论：人工蛹虫草子实体含有免疫促进和免疫抑制的成分。其水溶性和中等浓度的醇溶性成分有免疫促进作用。甲醇提取物抑制淋巴细胞增殖。     

槐白皮水提物对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫作用

目的 探讨槐白皮水提物对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 昆明小鼠随机分为正常组,模型组,香菇多糖组和槐白皮水提物低、中、高剂量组,除正常组外,其余各组连续3 d腹腔注射环磷酰胺复制免疫抑制模型。造模后连续灌胃给药14 d,血细胞计数仪测定小鼠外周血白细胞数目、称量并计算免疫器官系数、MTT法测定脾淋巴细胞增殖和NK细胞活性,ELISA检测血清IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α水平。结果 槐白皮水提物中、高剂量组明显提高免疫抑制小鼠的外周血白细胞水平和免疫器官系数,显著增加LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖,显著增强脾NK细胞活性,提高免疫抑制小鼠血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平;槐白皮水提物高剂量组明显提高ConA诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖,显著提高免疫抑制小鼠血清TNF-α水平。结论 槐白皮水提物可以提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能。     

云芝多糖对小鼠脾细胞的免疫增强作用研究

目的研究云芝多糖对小鼠脾细胞的免疫增强作用。方法水提醇沉法制备云芝粗多糖,采用不同浓度的乙醇对所得云芝粗多糖进行梯度醇沉,并计算各级产物的总多糖含量及收率。将小鼠脾细胞分别与云芝粗多糖及分级醇沉各级样品共同孵育,采用CCK-8法检测各样品对脾细胞增殖、对Con A或LPS诱导的脾细胞增殖的影响,采用酶联免疫法检测各级产物对NO释放的影响。结果分级醇沉各级产物多糖含量差异较小,但收率差别较大,其中30%浓度醇沉多糖收率最高,40%浓度醇沉多糖收率最低。云芝多糖分级醇沉各级样本对小鼠脾细胞增殖均有一定的促进作用,综合评价,优选出70%、80%醇沉样本较好,且作用效果明显优于粗多糖。总多糖及70%、80%醇沉多糖样品分别在0.50~1.25、0.50~0.75、0.50~1.00 mg·m L-1内药理活性与剂量呈正相关,且对Con A或LPS诱导的脾细胞增殖及NO释放有明显的协同作用(P<0.05)。结论云芝粗多糖及分级醇沉各级产物对体外小鼠脾细胞具有免疫增强作用,本研究为云芝多糖的开发、利用研究提供了一定理论依据。     

葛仙米多糖对白色念珠菌诱导的免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响

[摘要] 目的 考察葛仙米多糖对免疫低下小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法 BALB/c小鼠分成对照组、模型组、葛仙米多糖低、中、高剂量组（0.1,0.2,0.4g/kg）组、阳性药玉屏风颗粒组（2.5 g/kg）,动物分组后持续灌胃给药28d,第29d除对照组外,其余组小鼠尾静脉注射白色念珠菌5×104 CFU/只,造成免疫低下模型。注射白色念珠菌后第14d,解剖,检测小鼠体重、脏器指数、血常规、脾组织形态、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力和凋亡以及Bcl-2和Bax 蛋白的表达。结果 与对照组比较,模型组体质量下降,白细胞下降,中性粒细胞增加,胸腺、脾脏指数降低,脾损伤,脾淋巴细胞增殖能力降低,腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力降低,腹腔巨噬细胞凋亡增加,Bax表达增加,Bcl-2表达减少;与模型组比较,葛仙米多糖各剂量组可显著增大脏器指数（P<0.01或P<0.001）;葛仙米多糖各剂量组可增加白细胞,减少中性粒细胞（P<0.001）;葛仙米多糖各剂量组可修复脾组织形态;葛仙米多糖各剂量组可明显增加ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力（P<0.01或P<0.001）;葛仙米多糖各剂量组可显著改善小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬能力（P<0.01）;葛仙米多糖各剂量组可降低小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的凋亡;葛仙米多糖各剂量组可显著降低Bax表达和升高Bcl-2表达。结论 葛仙米多糖能显著增强免疫低下小鼠的免疫功能。     

蜜炙对甘草饮片免疫活性影响的实验研究

目的 观察甘草饮片蜜炙前后对小鼠离体脾淋巴细胞转化增殖能力的影响。方法 无菌操作分离小鼠脾脏,制备脾淋巴细胞。加入刺激剂刀豆蛋白和不同浓度的甘草、蜜炙甘草饮片及其配伍的炙甘草汤水提物、醇提物以及多糖与甘草苷样品溶液培养48 h,以噻唑蓝（MTT）法检测细胞增殖情况。结果 甘草、蜜甘草饮片和炙甘草汤水提物组以及多糖组与对照组相比均能显著增强经ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖能力（P＜0.01）,同时上述各样品蜜炙品水提物组明显高于相应的生品组（P＜0.05）。各样品醇提物、甘草苷、蜂蜜组与对照组比较无明显差别（P＞0.05）。结论 甘草生炙饮片免疫活性存在明显差别,蜜炙后免疫活性增强,其中多糖成分是甘草的主要免疫活性成分。甘草饮片生品和蜜炙品在临床应用中应区分应用,保证临床疗效。     

云南黑松露醇提物对小鼠T淋巴细胞免疫调节作用

目的 观察云南黑松露醇提物对小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖及免疫功能的影响。方法 将干燥云南黑松露粉末进行乙醇超声提取、乙酸乙酯萃取,水相及乙酸乙酯相部分样品分别采用C₁₈反相柱、凝胶柱进行分离、浓缩;噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测云南黑松露醇提物对刀豆蛋白A(ConA)刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响;酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测云南黑松露醇提物对Anti-CD3刺激小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌γ干扰素(IFN-γ)和白细胞介素2(IL-2)的影响;蛋白印迹(Western blotting)法检测云南黑松露醇提物对小鼠脾淋巴细胞IFN-γ表达水平的影响;流式细胞术检测云南黑松露醇提物对小鼠脾淋巴细胞CD₃⁺及CD₄⁺细胞表达水平的影响。结果 云南黑松露醇提物共分离得到组分17个。其中水相部分分离得到组分8个,记作1-8;乙酸乙酯相部分分离得到组分9个,记作A-I。MTT结果显示,在ConA诱导下,F号组分对小鼠脾淋巴细胞具有一定促增殖活性。ELISA结果显示,在Anti-CD3诱导下,1、F和...     

螺旋藻多糖硫酸酯化修饰前后抗肿瘤及免疫活性的研究

比较螺旋藻多糖硫酸酯化修饰前后体内外抗肿瘤及免疫活性.采用MTT比色法研究药物在体外对人肿瘤细胞株的抑制作用,促进正常小鼠脾淋巴细胞的增殖活性以及对荷瘤小鼠NK和CTL细胞活性的影响.采用移植性肿瘤实验方法考察了药物对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制作用.结果显示,螺旋藻多糖（NPSP）对肿瘤细胞株几乎无细胞毒作用,硫酸酯化螺旋藻多糖（SNPSP）对肿瘤细胞株具有显著的细胞毒作用,其中对SMMC-7721人肝癌细胞株抑制率最高达50%.NPSP50 mg/kg对小鼠S180肉瘤无抑制,相同剂量的SNPSP对小鼠S180肉瘤的抑制率达35.42%.NPSP具有促进脾淋巴细胞增殖作用,但对ConA和LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应无促进作用,SNPSP促进脾淋巴细胞增殖作用较NPSP增强,同时对ConA和LPS诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖反应也具有明显的促进作用.NPSP和SNPSP均能促进荷瘤小鼠NK细胞和CTL细胞活性,其中SNPSP促进CTL细胞活性较NPSP增强.     

香菇多糖(KS-2)刺激小鼠免疫功能的实验研究

香菇多糖(KS—2)腹腔注射能明显增强小鼠脾抗体分泌细胞数(PFC),最佳给药剂量为100mg/kg,也可明显增强小鼠对BSA诱导的迟发型超敏反应性(DTH)。它在体外对ConA,LPS引起的小鼠淋巴细胞增殖反应无影响。     

低聚甘露糖醛酸免疫调节作用实验研究

目的研究低聚甘露糖醛酸对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法利用MTT法测定低聚甘露糖醛酸对脾细胞增殖的作用,对刀豆蛋白A(ConA)和脂多糖(LPS)所致的小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响; 利用中性红法测定低聚甘露糖醛酸对巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响; 采用血清溶血素法测定低聚甘露糖醛酸对鸡红细胞所致的小鼠溶血素抗体生成的影响。同时观察了低聚甘露糖醛酸对小鼠体重,以及胸腺指数和脾脏指数的作用。结果低聚甘露糖醛酸能促进脾细胞增殖,促进ConA和LPS所致的脾淋巴细胞增殖,提高巨噬细胞的吞噬功能,提高小鼠血清溶血素含量,提高小鼠的脾脏指数。结论低聚甘露糖醛酸具有显著的免疫调节作用。     

汝康胶囊毒理学安全性实验研究

检测汝康胶囊作为保健食品的安全性.方法:依据卫生部<保健食品检验与评价技术规范>[1],通过小鼠经口急性毒性试验、致突变试验,大鼠30天喂养试验对汝康胶囊进行检测.结果:小鼠经口LD50＞21.5g/kg·bw,属无毒级物质;致突变试验结果为阴性;大鼠30天喂养试验表明各剂量组体重增长、食物利用率、脏体比、血液学及血清...     

Safety evaluation of a triterpenoid-rich extract from bamboo shavings.

Triterpenoids, which may have significant application to the development of natural medicines and functional foods as biological active components, are widely distributed throughout the plant kingdom. This paper evaluated the safety of a triterpenoid-rich extract of bamboo shavings (EBS) systematically. (i) Acute toxicity test: The oral maximum tolerated dose of EBS was more than 10 g/kg body weight both in rats and in mice, due to the absence of toxicity according to the criteria of acute toxic classifications. (ii) Mutagenicity test: It had no mutagenicity judged by negative experimental results of Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. (iii) 30 days feeding study: No abnormal symptoms and clinical signs or deaths had been found in rats in each group during the test. No significant difference had been found in body weight, food consumption and food availability of rats in each test group (P>0.05). In addition, no significant differences were found in each hematology value, clinical chemistry value and organ/body weight ratio, either (P>0.05). No abnormality of any organ was found during histopathological examination. It can be concluded that the extract of bamboo shavings is of low toxicity and support the use of EBS for various foods.     

Acute, subacute toxicity and genotoxic effect of Bio-Quinone Q10 in mice and rats

In the present study, the acute, subacute and genetic toxicity of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the form of Bio-Quinone (Pharma Nord, Denmark) was assessed. LD(50) of CoQ10 by oral treatment was greater than 20g/kg body weight in both female and male mice. Genotoxicity was assessed in mice by Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102, by bone marrow micronucleus test and sperm abnormality. Thirty-day subacute toxicity was conducted with oral daily dose at 0, 0.56, 1.13 and 2.25g/kg body weight in rats. No significant changes in body weight, food intake, behavior, mortality, hematology, blood biochemistry, vital organ weight, sperm abnormality, mutagenicity and micronucleus formation were observed and no clinical signs or adverse effects were detected by administration of CoQ10. These results support the safety of CoQ10 for oral consumption.     

Safety evaluation of polyphenols extracted from hop bracts.

Hop bract polyphenols contain polyphenols as promising functional ingredients. To assess the safety of topical hop bract polyphenols, Hopsphenon, we examined acute, 14-day, 28-day and 90-day toxicity tests in rats, and mutagenicity tests using Ames test and micronucleus test in mice. The acute, 14-day, 28-day and 90-day toxicity tests revealed that Hopsphenon produced no symptoms of significant injury. The lethal dose of hop bract polyphenols is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The Ames test in the absence of S9 mix for TA98 and in the presence of S9 mix for TA1537 revealed that Hopsphenon had slight mutagenicity at a high dose of 5000 microg/plate; however, in the micronucleus test, Hopsphenon was negative. These tests demonstrated that hop bract polyphenols are safe and do not cause any detrimental effects in vivo under the conditions investigated in this study.     

Formation of mutagens in boiled pork extract

When boiled pork extract was heated under reflux at 102 °C for 4 hr mutagens, which were detected using Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA1538, were formed. The level of mutagenicity was dependent on the concentration of pork in the extract, the duration of boiling and on pH; the optimum pH for mutagen formation was found to be 9 to 11. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis showed that the mutagens formed in boiled pork extract were chromatographically distinguishable from benzo[a]pyrene and from the primary mutagenic pyrolysis products of tryptophan (3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and of glutamic acid (2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2−a:3′,2′-d]imidazole)     

蛞蝓胶囊致畸和致突变实验研究

目的探讨蛞蝓胶囊是否具有致畸和致突变的毒理作用。方法本研究采用大鼠致畸胎、艾姆斯（Ames）试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、体外细胞染色体畸变试验检测的蛞蝓胶囊致畸胎、致突变性。结果蛞蝓胶囊各剂量对孕鼠体重、胚胎早期发育、胚胎生长发育、以及胎鼠的骨骼发育和内脏器官发育等均无不良影响。无论加与不加S9,各剂量组诱变TA98、TA100种菌落数均未超过自然回变菌落数,与阴性对照组比较均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。与对照组相比,各剂量组对小鼠的微核率无明显的影响（P〉0．05）。蛞蝓胶囊对培养的哺乳动物体细胞染色体结构无致畸变作用。结论蛞蝓胶囊各剂量均无致畸和致突变的作用,说明在临床应用剂量范围内是安全的。     

Safety evaluation of short-term exposure to chitooligomers from enzymic preparation.

Chitooligomers have significant application to the development of functional foods. This paper evaluated systematically the safety of chitooligomers, which were prepared by enzymatic depolymerization of chitosan. The oral maximum tolerated dose of this chitooligomes was more than 10 g/kg body weight in mice. It had no mutagenicity judged by negative experimental results of Ames test, mouse bone marrow cell micronucleus test and mouse sperm abnormality test. A 30-day feeding study shows that no abnormal symptoms and clinical signs or deaths were found in rats during the test. There were no significant difference in body weight, food consumption and food availability of rats in each test group. No significant differences were found in each hematology value, clinical chemistry value and organ/body weight ratio, either. No abnormality of any organ was found during histopathological examination. It is concluded that short-term ingestion of chitooligomers is of non-toxicity.     

人参蜂王浆遗传毒性研究

目的评价人参蜂王浆的遗传毒性,为其实际应用提供安全性毒理学评价依据。方法用鼠伤寒沙门菌突变株TA97、TA98、TA100和TA102,Ames试验采用平板掺入法,受试物人参蜂王浆选择5个剂量级(6.25、12.5、25、50、100μL.皿-1)。结果未处理对照组的自发菌落回变数均在正常范围内,溶剂对照组的菌落回变数与未处理对照组相比无显著差异,阳性对照的菌落回变数均比未处理对照组增加一倍以上。受试物各剂量组(包括加S-9活化和不加S-9活化)的菌落回变数均与未处理对照组无显著差异,且没有剂量反应关系。结论在本试验条件下人参蜂王浆不引起鼠伤寒沙门菌的回复突变数增加,说明该人参蜂王浆无致基因突变作用。     

Ames试验检测十种中药有效成份和制剂的诱变性

本文以Ames实验室最新推荐的四株测试菌株(TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102)、用予培养法对斑蝥酸钠、去甲斑蝥素、三尖杉酯硷、高三尖杉酯硷、蒿甲醚、芫花酯甲、芫花酯乙等十种中药有效成份制剂进行了诱变性的研究。 结果表明,十种中药有效成份和制剂在加和不加S_9混合液情况下,均来显示诱变性。 用体外致突变试验方法对提取的中药有效成份进行检测,了解其潜在的遗传毒性是十分必要的。     

Mutagenicity of Mouriri pusa Gardner and Mouriri elliptica Martius

Mouriri pusa Gardner and Mouriri elliptica Martius are fruit-bearing plants of the Melastomataceae family, popularly known in Brazil as puçá-preto or jaboticaba-do-cerrado, and they are used in folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ulcers. In this study, we employ the Ames test to assess the mutagenicity of compounds obtained from the leaves of these species. The methanol extract of the M. pusa was mutagenic to the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA97a and TA100, with or without metabolic activation. The methanol extract of M. elliptica induced mutagenic activity in TA98 when metabolized with S9 fraction and TA97a with and without S9, but with lower mutagenicity index (MI) and potencies values than those for M. pusa. Enriched fractions of flavonoids and tannins of M. pusa were also evaluated and they demonstrated positive mutagenicity. The highest values of MI and potency were obtained with the flavonoid fraction, which contains large amounts of quercetin, quercetin glycosides and myricetin. These compounds are probably related to the mutagenicity observed in the Ames test. The dichloromethane extract was not mutagenic in any of the test conditions employed.     

Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity and mutagenic activity of the aqueous extract of pecan shells [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch]

The infusion of pecan shells has been used to prevent and control hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and toxicological diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate toxicity and mutagenic effects of pecan shells aqueous extract (PSAE). Wistar rats were treated with a single dose of 300 or 2000 mg/kg of PSAE in the acute toxicity test. For the subacute test, the animals received 10 or 100 mg/kg of PSAE for 28 days. The mutagenicity was evaluated using Salmonella/microsome assay in TA1535, TA1537, TA98, TA100 and TA102 S. typhimurium strains in the presence and absence of metabolic activation (S9 mix) and micronucleus test in bone marrow. HPLC analyses indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, gallic and ellagic acids. Except for triglycerides, all treated groups presented normal hematological and biochemical parameters. Lower levels of triglycerides and weight loss were observed in the 100 mg/kg group. Mutagenic activities were not detected in S. typhimurium strains and by the micronucleus test. Based on these results, PSAE was not able to induce chromosomal or point mutations, under the conditions tested. The 100 mg/kg dose showed significant antihyperlipidemic action, with no severe toxic effects.