改良的离体牙桩冠实验模型的制作

口腔修复学 (Prosthodontics)主要是研究口腔颌面缺损、牙体牙列缺损和缺失修复治疗的一门学科 ,同时也是一门实践性很强的修复学科 ,而实验室是口腔修复学基本技能实习训练三基 (基础理论、基本知识、基本技能 )的重要基地 ,实验室也是学生牢固掌握理论知识和操作技术的重要环节。通过实验 ,使学生掌握修复学各类器械的使用和材料、生物力学、美学及治疗的基本操作方法。1　材料与方法1 .1　标本来源及处理　离体牙来自各医院口腔门诊病人拔除的患病牙 ,用 1 0 %的福尔马林浸泡 ,煮沸半小时 ,用自来水冲洗 ,刮除肉芽组织及牙垢 ,用 3%过氧…     

超声波在口腔修复学中的应用

超声波导是指频率高于１６～２０ｋＨｚ的机械振动波。本文对超声波在口腔修复学中的应用，如金属修复体的非破坏性拆除，义齿清洗，后腭封闭解剖位置的确定，剩余牙槽嵴厚度的测量以及超声抛光等作了详细的综述。     

仿真牙结合离体牙对口腔医学生综合素质提高的效果评价

目的:评价用仿真牙结合离体牙进行试验教学的效果。方法:对河北联合大学2008级(为对照组)实验教学中单纯采用石膏牙模型;2009级(实验组)实验教学中加入离体牙和仿真牙。在学期结束后进行综合素质考试成绩对比,并且进行学生满意度评价。结果:实验组理论、实验操作成绩各项目及总成绩均高于对照组(P<0.05);自我评价中除团队合作无明显差异以外,其余各项目实验组均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:在口腔实验教学中加入仿真牙和离体牙,可提高学生临床综合素质。     

全国牙体缺损保存修复研讨会纪要

由中华口腔医学会口腔修复学专业委员会主办的全国牙体缺损保存修复研讨会,于2005年7月28至29日在乌鲁木齐市举行.来自全国各地的200余位代表参加了这次会议.此次学术会议共收到国内口腔修复医师论文152篇,范围涉及牙体缺损保存修复的临床和基础研究诸多方面.     

基于临床病例的虚拟仿真训练在口腔修复科实习的实践和评价

目的 介绍一种将临床实际病例与虚拟仿真牙体预备训练相结合用于口腔修复学临床实习的教学方法,衔接临床前实验室教学与临床实习,提升实习医师牙体预备的技能和质量,并作为临床操作前牙体预备和准入控制的重要环节。方法 采集临床上需行前牙冠修复患者的修复前数字化口扫印模,经数字化美学设计后导入虚拟仿真系统。带教老师指导实习医师行术前牙体预备训练,并参考口腔执业医师实践技能考试评分标准进行评估。术者牙体预备技能和质量满足临床操作要求后,复诊时为患者进行牙体预备并完成诊疗全过程。结果 在基于临床病例的虚拟仿真牙体预备训练后,实习医师的牙体预备精确度更高,耗时更短,患者满意度更高。结论 基于临床病例的虚拟仿真牙体预备训练能使实习医师的牙体预备水平得到有效的提升。     

数字化虚拟仿真技术在口腔修复学临床教学中的探索

目的评价在口腔修复学的临床教学中应用数字化虚拟仿真技术的必要性及教学效果。方法选择在广州医科大学附属口腔医院修复科进行临床实习的2016级35名口腔医学专业本科生,采用数字化技术整合牙体解剖学、牙体缺损固定修复和学的知识内容开设虚拟仿真设计课程。课后通过问卷调查的方式了解学生的需求、学习效果,并通过课程前后的上颌第一磨牙全冠修复体的设计评分来检验学习成果。结果问卷调查结果显示,采用数字化技术进行全冠设计实践,可显著提升学生对于牙体缺损固定修复的认识。课程前后设计的上颌第一磨牙全冠修复体的评分比较显示,课前平均成绩为(61.66±3.86)分,课后平均成绩为(77.54±7.06)分,教学课程后平均成绩优于课前成绩(P<0.05)。结论在临床修复实习中开展虚拟仿真设计课程可提升学生对于牙体解剖形态的认识、牙体预备标准和修复体制作要求的把握,帮助学生理解和掌握口腔修复学牙体缺损固定修复的理论知识和操作技能。此外,虚拟仿真设计课程的引入加强了学生对于数字化技术的认识和理解,帮助学生了解口腔医学的发展方向。     

Simodont虚拟仿真系统在口腔修复牙体预备教学中的应用

目的    分析Simodont虚拟仿真系统应用于全冠修复牙体预备的教学效果和特点。方法    选取第四军医大学口腔医学专业四年级学生22名,随机分为2组,每组11名,分别在传统仿真头模上（N组）和Simodont虚拟仿真系统上（S组）完成两阶段的全冠修复牙体预备操作训练,并分别进行操作考核,记录牙体预备操作时间。按照金属烤瓷全冠牙体预备的要求,分别就轴面聚合度、修复空间、点线角、肩台质量、体位姿势5个方面进行评分,并计算总分。第二次考核结束后,S组所有学生填写对Simodont虚拟仿真系统评价的调查问卷。结果    两组学生第二次考核的总分相较于第一次考核均显著提高,操作时间均明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。在第一次考核中,两组学生总分比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）;仅在体位姿势方面,S组学生评分高于N组（P < 0.05）。在第二次考核中,S组学生总分高于N组,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;在肩台质量、体位姿势方面,S组学生评分高于N组（P < 0.05）。其他方面两组学生评分比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P > 0.05）。S组学生对Simodont虚拟仿真系统评价的调查问卷结果显示,各项评分均较高,为3.6～4.9分。结论　Simodont虚拟仿真系统能够有效提高学生的全冠修复牙体预备水平,在牙体预备教学中具有潜在优势。     

自制磨光糊剂在临床及离体牙应用的效果

牙周洁治后选用合适的磨光糊剂磨光牙面既可去除残余色素，又可提高牙面的光洁度，从而延缓菌斑、牙石和色素的重新沉着，巩固疗效。我们对自行配制的一种磨光糊剂（粗细二型）作离体牙实验和临床疗效观察：1.24颗离体牙洁治后经自制磨光糊剂磨光用光波干涉显微镜（light wave interference microscope）观察牙面，其光洁度大大提高，可达到进口糊剂同等磨光效果。2.临床以12例龈炎患者的72颗上前牙为实验对象，洁治后一侧以自制糊剂磨光，另一侧不磨光，纵向观察8～10周，磨光侧牙面的色素沉积明显少于不磨光侧。     

虚拟仿真系统在全冠牙体预备实验教学中的应用

目的:探讨Simodont虚拟仿真系统在全冠牙体预备实验教学中合理有效的应用方法.方法:选择后牙金属全冠牙体预备实验项目,对117名2014级口腔医学本科学生进行对照研究,对所有学生完成传统仿头模实验教学后,利用Simodont虚拟仿真系统中的后牙金属全冠牙体预备实验模块对实验组学生进行培训,考核前利用超硬石膏模型对对...     

Measurement of stain on extracted teeth using spectrophotometry and digital image analysis

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validate a customized image analysis system, designed for use within clinical trials of general dental hygiene and whitening products, for the measurement of stain levels on extracted teeth and to compare it with reflectance spectrophotometry. Method: Twenty non‐carious extracted teeth were soaked in an artificial saliva, brushed for 1 min using an electric toothbrush and a standard toothpaste, bleached using a 5.3% hydrogen peroxide solution and cycled for 6 h daily through a tea solution. CIE L* values were obtained after each treatment step using the customized image analysis system and a reflectance spectrophotometer. A statistical analysis was carried out in SPSS. Results: Fleiss’ coefficient of reliability for intra‐operator repeatability of the image analysis system and spectrophotometry was 0.996 and 0.946 respectively. CIE L* values were consistently higher using the image analysis compared with spectrophotometry, and t‐tests for each treatment step showed significant differences (P < 0.05) for the two methods. Limits of agreement between the methods were ?27.95 to +2.07, with a 95% confidence of the difference calculated as ?14.26 to ?11.84. The combined results for all treatment steps showed a significant difference between the methods for the CIE L* values (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The image analysis system has proven to be a reliable method for assessment of changes in stain level on extracted teeth. The method has been validated against reflectance spectrophotometry. This method may be used for pilot in vitro studies/trials of oral hygiene and whitening products, before expensive in vivo tests are carried out.     

含氟牙膏对离体脱矿恒牙再矿化作用的实验研究

目的评价含氟牙膏促进离体脱矿恒牙再矿化的作用。方法选取和制作牙体硬度170KHN左右的16颗离体年轻脱矿恒牙标本,随机分成A、B两组(P>0.05)。A组用无氟Crest牙膏作再矿化处理,B组用含氟的Crest牙膏作再矿化处理,同时将A、B组标本浸泡于人唾液中。用微硬度测量仪测定并记录每个牙标本的硬度。结果A组脱矿牙的硬度平均值为151.9±38.3,而再矿化后牙齿的硬度平均值为143.4±18.8,两组比较P>0.05。B组脱矿牙的硬度平均值为160.1±16.5,而再矿化后牙齿的硬度平均值为200.5±21.3,两组比较P<0.05。再矿化后AB两组的硬度值比较P<0.001。结论含氟牙膏对离体脱矿恒牙有较明显的再矿化作用。     

Owning the tooth: exploring the ethical and legal issues relating to the use of extracted human teeth in dental education in Australia

Extracted human teeth have been used to practice operative techniques for a very long time. As a natural surrogate for a live tooth in vivo, their use has traditionally been very important for the development of skills in trainee dentists, as well as their qualified colleagues who wish to practise existing or new skills. As synthetic alternatives develop greater authenticity, alongside a society in which many retain their natural dentition well into old age, the current paradigm relating to how extracted teeth in dental education are used needs to be revisited. An ethical and legal dilemma that must be addressed within dental education relates to where and how teeth may be sourced. This article will seek to question whether there is a legal or ethical requirement to gain consent for the use of extracted teeth from patients, as well as exploring the status of whether extracted dental tissue can be considered to be the property of either patient or surgeon. Whilst synthetic alternatives are being utilized more frequently in education, it is unlikely that they will completely replace extracted natural teeth in the immediate future. It is therefore imperative that their use complies with legal doctrine and contemporary ethical thought.     

A2色的天然牙与成品树脂牙的同色异谱效应分析

目的对A2色的天然牙和不同品牌的A2色成品树脂牙在不同光源下的颜色参数进行测量,分析其颜色变化,比较其光谱反射曲线,并分析天然牙和成品树脂牙的同色异谱效应。方法采用PR-650型光谱扫描色度仪测量A2色的天然牙和3种品牌的A2色成品树脂牙在D65光源、A光源、CWF光源和紫外光下的颜色参数L*、a*、b*值和XYZ三刺激值,比较其光谱反射曲线,通过计算特殊同色异谱指数来分析天然牙和成品树脂牙的同色异谱效应。结果A2色的天然牙和成品树脂牙的L*、a*、b*值随着光源的改变而改变,二者的变化趋势不完全一致。天然牙和成品树脂牙之间、不同品牌的成品树脂牙之间的光谱反射曲线形状有较大区别,但是每条曲线都有3个以上的交叉点和重合处,在特定光源下可以达到颜色匹配,具有同色异谱效应。A2色的天然牙与成品树脂牙之间有较明显的同色异谱效应,天然牙与3种品牌成品树脂牙之间的特殊同色异谱指数在A光源下为3.48、2.52和3.36,在CWF光源下为1.21、1.90和2.79,在紫外光下为1.59、2.07和4.07。不同品牌的A2色成品树脂牙之间的特殊同色异谱指数在A光源下为1.08、0.10和1.01,在CWF光下为1.46、2.23和0.94,在紫外光下为2.55、2.69和4.64。结论光源对天然牙和成品树脂牙的颜色有较大影响,A2色的天然牙与成品树脂牙之间存在较明显的同色异谱效应。     

Socioeconomic indicators and prosthetic replacement of missing teeth in a working-age population–Results of the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)

Abstract – Objectives: To analyse the possible effects of the socioeconomic status (SES) on the prosthetic replacement of missing teeth in working‐age people and to explore the role of potential confounders. Methods: Cross‐sectional data were collected from 2310 German adults aged 30–59 years. The relationship between each of the three SES indicators (education, income, and occupational status) and dental prostheses were examined by multinomial logistic regression analyses. For that, partially dentate participants with suboptimal and no replacement of missing teeth were compared with partially dentate participants having optimal replacement. Potential confounders (age, sex, dental status, social network and social support) were entered if their inclusion in the model led to ≥10% change in the coefficient of interest. Results: Social network and social support did not meet the criterion for confounding. In the maxilla, having no replacement was positively associated with lower categories for each of the three SES indicators [Odds ratios (OR) between 1.6 and 2.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI) between 1.1 and 3.4]. Low occupational status was the single predictor for suboptimal dental prostheses (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.6–6.2). In the mandible, occupational status showed no association with the prosthetic status, whereas low educational level and low household income were determinants for having no replacement (OR = 1.9 and 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0–3.5 and 1.1–3.0, respectively). Low household income was the single determinant for suboptimal replacement of missing teeth (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1–5.2). Conclusion: The findings may indicate the relevance of the financing of prosthodontic treatment. The strong association between various forms of upper dentures and occupational prestige can be seen as key contributing concept to how individuals′ characteristics affect the outcome in prosthodontic care.     

Subgingival polishing with a teflon-coated sonic scaler insert in comparison to conventional instruments as assessed on extracted teeth. (I) Residual deposits

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that endotoxins are located on the periodontally diseased root cementum and not within it. These studies led to the suggestion that the root surface could be treated less aggressively during periodontal therapy. Thus, we designed a teflon-tubed sonic scaler insert for subgingival polishing. It was our objective to assess to which extent this new instrument is capable of removing bacterial deposits in deep pockets in comparison with conventional scaling instruments. METHOD: We compared the extent to which plaque and calculus could be removed with a curette, a conventional sonic and ultrasonic scaler insert, a Per-io-tor insert, and a teflon-tubed sonic scaler insert. 84 teeth requiring extraction had been treated with one of these instruments. After extraction, the teeth were stained with Malachite green, and the following areas were assessed: area lacking plaque and calculus, calculus, and area only covered with plaque. For statistical comparison, nonparametric analyses were carried out. RESULTS: Curettes and conventional ultrasonic and sonic-scaler inserts had more area lacking plaque and calculus (97.5%, 92.2%, 92.1%) than did the Per-io-tor (80.1%) or the teflon-coated sonic scaler insert (84.4%). A similar effectivity sequence was observed for residual soft deposits (curette: 1.9%, ultrasonic scaler: 6.1%, sonic scaler: 5.4%, teflon-coated sonic scaler: 5.1% and Per-io-tor: 9.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The Per-io-tor and the teflon-coated sonic scaler insert seem to be suitable for the removal of soft deposits on the root surface, but not for the removal of calculus.     

The effect of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth

This investigation studied the effects of disinfectant solutions on the hardness of acrylic resin denture teeth. The occlusal surfaces of 64 resin denture teeth were ground flat with abrasives up to 400-grit silicon carbide paper. Measurements were made after polishing and after the specimens were stored in water at 37 degrees C for 48 h. The specimens were then divided into four groups and immersed in chemical disinfectants (4% chlorhexidine; 1% sodium hypochlorite and sodium perborate) for 10 min. The disinfection methods were performed twice to simulate clinical conditions and hardness measurements were made. Specimens tested as controls were immersed in water during the same disinfection time. Eight specimens were produced for each group. After desinfection procedures, testing of hardness was also performed after the samples were stored at 37 degrees C for 7, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days. Data were analysed using two-way analysis of variance (anova) and Tukey's test at 95% confidence level. According to the results, no significant differences were found between materials and immersion solutions (P > 0.05). However, a continuous decrease in hardness was noticed after ageing (P < 0.05). It was conclude that the surfaces of both acrylic resin denture teeth softened upon immersion in water regardless the disinfecting solution.     

TheraCal LC和Dycal两种盖髓剂用于乳牙和恒牙直接盖髓的疗效比较

目的 比较TheraCal LC和Dycal两种盖髓剂用于乳、恒牙直接盖髓术的临床疗效。方法 选择深龋意外露髓的乳牙180颗和恒牙243颗做直接盖髓术,乳、恒牙均按单双数就诊顺序采用半随机方法分为两组,乳牙TheraCal LC组81例患者（90颗牙）;乳牙Dycal组76例患者（90颗牙）。恒牙TheraCal LC组102例患者（122颗牙）;恒牙Dycal组109例患者（121颗牙）。术后12个月,比较两种材料的治疗成功率。结果 治疗12个月后,恒牙TheraCal LC组成功率为95.1%,恒牙Dycal组成功率为93.3%,两组之间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。乳牙TheraCal LC组成功率为87.7%,乳牙Dycal组成功率为46.9%,两组之间有显著差异（P<0.05）。结论 TheraCal LC盖髓剂更适合乳、恒牙的盖髓剂,乳牙的优势可能更为明显。