立位耐力监测系统重复性评价

目的 评价自行设计的立位耐力监测系统的稳定性和重复性。方法 应用自行设计的立位耐力监测系统对28例健康歼击机飞行员进行立位耐力监测,间隔一周时间分别在相同条件下做相同的试验。结果 在两次立位耐力试验中平卧位、立位即刻、1 min、2 min、3 min、4 min、5 min、10 min、15 min和20 min各时间心率、收缩压、舒张压和平均动脉压比较差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论 自行设计的立位耐力监测系统稳定、可靠。     

反复体位改变训练对人体立位耐力的影响

目的验证反复体位改变训练提高人体立位耐力的有效性 ,并探讨其机理。方法 6名被试者经受了为期 1 1d共 9次的反复体位改变训练。在训练前和训练后利用头高位倾斜检查立位耐力。结果训练后 ,被试者在立位耐力检查中的反应得到改善 ,表现为与训练前相比立位中不良症状明显减轻 (症状得分 4.5 0± 1 .0 5vs .2 .83± 1 .60 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,心率的增量明显降低 [( 2 9.3± 4.3)bpmvs .( 1 3.5± 7.5 )bpm ,P <0 .0 1 ],平均动脉压的增量明显增加 [( 4 .8± 4.4)mmHgvs.( 9.0± 3.0 )mmHg ,P <0 .0 5 ],心血管反应指数明显减小 ( 34.42± 5 .0 0vs.2 2 .33± 8.2 7,P <0 .0 1 )。结论反复体位改变训练可提高人体立位耐力。该训练有望在飞行员 ,特别是航天员训练中得到应用     

歼击机飞行员累加Coriolis加速度耐力试验调查

目的　调查歼击机飞行员累加Coriolis加速度耐力水平和运动病易感者脱敏习服训练效果。　方法　 70名 2 3～ 38岁歼击机飞行员为观察对象 ,在VTS 0型电动转椅上用阶梯式累加Coriolis加速度刺激 ,以Graybiel急性运动病诊断标准的MⅢ为耐受终点判定累加Coriolis加速度耐力等级 ;对 5名空晕病易感者进行了脱敏习服训练。　结果　歼击机飞行员的累加Coriolis加速度耐力水平平均为 11.2± 6 .2π2 cm/s2 。经过 2次脱敏习服训练后空晕病易感飞行员的累加Coriolis加速度耐力由 2 .4± 2 .1π2 cm/s2 提高到 11.1± 2 .5π2 cm/s2 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　歼击机飞行员需要进行专门的体能训练 ,以提高Coriolis加速度耐力水平 ,脱敏习服训练实际有效     

高性能战斗机和歼击机飞行员肌力协调抗荷训练的效果分析

目的评价肌力协调抗荷训练对高性能战斗机飞行员和歼击机飞行员的抗G效果. 方法对象为44名高性能战斗机飞行员和99名歼击机飞行员.高性能战斗机飞行员初训后经2次复训,歼击机飞行员均为初训.肌力协调抗荷训练按训练大纲实施,训练前后测试做习惯的和规范的抗荷动作时的各项参数,推算+GZ耐力进行比较. 结果与训练前习惯抗荷动作相比,两组训练后规范抗荷动作时的大腿、小腿肌静力和维持时间增加,均有显著性意义(P<0.05);规范抗荷动作时的收缩压(SBP)与基础值相比,高性能战斗机飞行员SBP增加51.8±10.3 mm Hg,估算G耐力增加2.8±0.7 G,歼击机飞行员SBP增加46.0±13.2 mm Hg,G耐力增加2.6±0.7 G,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.01).高性能战斗机飞行员复训未达标率为27.27%,歼击机飞行员初训未达标率为48.48%,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论肌力协调抗荷训练G防护效果有效,且复训明显好于初训.建议歼击机飞行员也进行复训.     

580例歼击机飞行员的基础+Gz耐力检查结果分析

目的 分析歼击机飞行员的基础+Gz耐力检查结果. 方法 对580例歼击机飞行员的基础+Gz耐力分布、平均+Gz耐力、检查合格率,以及检查结果与年龄、飞行时间的关系进行了分析.基础+Gz耐力的检查在六三型载人离心机上进行,采用SPSS 10.0软件对试验数据进行统计学分析. 结果 该组飞行员的平均基础+Gz耐力为4.26±0.43 G,离心机检查合格率为81.4%.27～31岁年龄组飞行员的合格人数最多,共184人;37～43岁年龄组飞行员的合格率最高,达90.5%.平均+Gz耐力、检查合格率与年龄及飞行时间具有相关性(P＜0.05). 结论 以+4.25 Gz持续10s(+Gz增长率1 G/s)作为基础+Gz耐力合格标准是合理的.通过增加监测飞行员用力情况的措施,可进一步完善检查方法.     

飞行员飞行中与地面的动态心电图分析

笔者对30名歼击飞行员用CM_1、CM_3、CM_5双极导联进行24h动态心电图(DCG)监测,结果心率在地面工作日与普通人基本相同,飞行中平均68±7次/min,最高为124±24次/min,最低54±6次/min,飞行后与地面工作日相应时间相同;未见心脏节律的明显变化;未监 测到T波改变。2例在高空特技飞行中ST段水平下移0.075～.0100mV,但活动平板运动试验阴性。笔者认为DCG适用于飞行员飞行中监测,特别对平时有症状的飞行员,可以提高诊断的准确性。     

立位耐力不良飞行员的血液动力学指标与心率变异性的改变

目的 探讨易发血管神经性晕厥飞行员的评价方法方法对３０例有晕厥史的立位耐力不良飞行员（阳性组）２０例有晕厥史的立位耐力正常飞行员（阴性组）和１５例健康飞行员（对照组），通过立位耐力结合心率变异性（ＨＲＶ）分析进行血压、心率与时域、频域指标的比较，按照国际常用标准进行判断分析。结果 阳性组立位耐力试验前平均心率（ＨＲ）、收缩压（ＳＢＰ）１、舒张压（ＤＢＰ）与阴性组、对照组比较，无显著性差异。试验后，     

飞行人员立位耐力不良与小心脏的研究

按照X线片心胸比小于0.40;心脏阴影横径小于12cm;超声心动图左室舒张末内径小于4.2cm;γ-核素心排血指数小于3.0mm/cm,被诊断为小心脏之飞行员10例(丙组),与心脏正常而立位耐力不正常之飞行员(乙组)和心脏正常,立位耐力也正常之飞行员(甲组)比较,在立位耐力试验中从站立即刻起,丙组心率     

中度缺氧耐力检查时常规监护方法比较

旨在探讨中度缺氧负荷检查时敏感的监护方法。在低压舱上升5000 m停留30 min条件下,由专人陪同进舱,用电子血压计对15名歼击机飞行员的血压进行动态观察并与基层仅有常规心电图、心率监护比较。结果14名飞行员缺氧耐力良好,经F检验,随缺氧时间延长,心率明显增加(P<0.01),最大增长率46％;心电图Q-Tc、J-Tc无明显改变(P>0.05);收缩压、脉压差明显增大(P<0.01),平均分别增高1.4 kPa(11 mmHg)、3.9 kPa(28.5mmHg)。经t检验,10～20 min舒张压与训练前比明显下降(P<0.05)。结论①此负荷强度心脏可以代偿,因此,心肌缺氧敏感指标Q-Tc、J-Tc无明显改变;此刻心率变化与氧耗量无线性关系,故心电图、心率监护对此负荷不敏感;②血压监护有明显变化趋势,缺氧耐力低下者尤甚。电子血压计自动显示心率、血压值,迅速方便,是中度缺氧负荷敏感监护方法。本试验提示健康人也存在缺氧耐力低下,训练中会发生各种异常。     

有空中晕厥史飞行员微循环的特征及其可能的影响

目的 探讨微循环与空中晕厥发生的关系。方法试验对象为39名有空中晕厥文的飞行员并设对照健康组飞行员46人。两组飞行员均作常规主动立位耐力试验，试验前后测量血压、心率和微循环各项指标。结果 两组立位耐力试验后，晕厥组多项指标与对照组差异明显，特别是管拌数目、心率、收缩压、血管长度、拌顶宽度、输入枝、输出枝直径等(P＜0．05)。而多数变化从立位即刻开始至立位后20min持续加深而血压进一步下降。结论 微循环的变化与易发空中晕厥有关系，改善微循环对预防和矫治空中晕厥可能有意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.