动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血病人血清FSH LH PRL GH的浓度变化

目的　研究动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血 (SAH)病人血清卵泡刺激素 (FSH)、黄体生成素 (LH)、泌乳素 (PRL)、生长激素 (GH)的浓度变化规律。方法　对 35例动脉瘤性SAH病人发病后 1～ 3、7～ 9、13～ 15d血清FSH、LH、PRL、GH的浓度进行动态观察 ,用TCD检测大脑中动脉血流速度 (VMCA)。结果　动脉瘤性SAH病人血清FSH、LH、PRL、GH浓度在发病后 1～3、7～ 9d各均值明显高于对照组 ,尤以发病后 7～ 9d变化最明显 ;术前、术后有脑血管痉挛 (CVS)组和非CVS组也有明显差异。结论　动脉瘤性SAH病人血清FSH、LH、GH、PRL含量与SAH的病情演变、CVS程度有关 ,并可判断预后。     

Creatine kinase and myoglobin determination in myocardial infarction

Summary In order to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic impertance of serum myoglobin (Mb) determination during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) we determined the time of first rise of both CK and Mb, that is the time in hours between the onset of pain and the last normal myoglobin and enzyme determination (TFR for Mb=2.2±1.5 h; TFR for CK=4.0±2.5 h). We also attempted to evaluate infarct size by mathematical analysis of the serum concentrations of Mb. The average percentage difference between the infarct size calculated from the CK concentrations and Mb concentrations was 35.8±35.2%. The results show that the determination of serum myoglobin is a useful and sensitive test for the early diagnosis of AMI. On the other hand, the serum myoglobin cannot be utilized to evaluate infarct size. The main limitation in the determination of infarct size from the serum Mb concentrations lies in the extreme variability of the disappearance rate (Kd), mainly resulting from the renal elimination of the substance.     

载酯蛋白A-I与急性呼吸道感染的关系

目的 探讨急性呼吸道感染患者血清载酯蛋白A-I(ApoA-I)变化及临床意义.方法 2006年12月至2007年7月入住上海交通大学附属第一人民医院急诊ICU及急诊观察室急性呼吸道感染患者为试验组(44例),根据降钙素原(PCT)的质量浓度进行分组,分为PCT＜0.5 ng/ml组,0.5ng/ml∧≤PCT＜2 ng/ml组,PCT≥2 ng/ml组.41例健康体检者为对照组.试验组和对照组均在入院24h内测定静脉血中ApoA-I、PCT、C反应蛋白(CRP)和白蛋白水平.统计学方法计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,应用SPSS 12.0软件进行统计学分析,计量资料的比较采用t检验及方差分析,相关性分析采用直线相关分析,P＜0.05为差异具有统计学意义.结果 随着PCT质量浓度增加,ApoA-I和血清白蛋白值越低而CRP值越高(P＜0.05).结论 ApoA-I与呼吸道感染的严重程度呈正相关,在较严重的呼吸道感染ApoA-I具有一定的诊断价值,表明这类患者存在脂质代谢紊乱.     

内皮素与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后再狭窄研究概况

作者从内皮素的合成、分泌、作用机制及其对血管平滑肌细胞的增殖作用等方面综述内皮素与经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后再狭窄的研究概况。     

Low-Intensity Ultrasound Reduces High Glucose-Induced Nitric Oxide Generation in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a severe micro-vascular complication of diabetes. High glucose (HG)-evoked nitric oxide (NO) production mediated by increased oxidative stress is a key factor in DR pathogenesis. In this study, we examined whether low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) stimulation can reduce HG-induced NO generation. We determined that LIUS stimulation decreased the HG-induced NO generation possibly via inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently diminished the associated pro-inflammatory pathway involving the induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor. In addition, we determined that LIUS stimulation reduced the quantity of NO produced by N-acetylcysteine, which was not mediated by ROS. These results indicate that LIUS can inhibit both ROS-dependent and -independent NO generation processes in ARPE-19 cells. We envision LIUS as a potential therapeutic alternative to treat DR. Further studies are required to understand the underlying mechanism of the LIUS-induced reduction of NO generation for DR therapy.     

Attenuation-Corrected vs. Nonattenuation-Corrected 2-Deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">d</Emphasis>-glucose-Positron Emission Tomography in Oncology,A Systematic Review

Purpose To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the diagnostic accuracy of attenuation-corrected (AC) vs. nonattenuation-corrected (NAC) 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-d-glucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in oncological patients. Procedures Following a comprehensive search of the literature, two reviewers independently assessed the methodological quality of eligible studies. The diagnostic value of AC was studied through its sensitivity/specificity compared to histology, and by comparing the relative lesion detection rate reported with NAC-PET vs. AC, for full-ring and dual-head coincidence PET (FR- and DH-PET, respectively). Results Twelve studies were included. For FR-PET, the pooled sensitivity/specificity on a patient basis was 64/97% for AC and 62/99% for NAC, respectively. Pooled lesion detection with NAC vs. AC was 98% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 96–99%, n = 1,012 lesions] for FR-PET, and 88% (95% CI:81–94%, n = 288 lesions) for DH-PET. Conclusions Findings suggest similar sensitivity/specificity and lesion detection for NAC vs. AC FR-PET and significantly higher lesion detection for NAC vs. AC DH-PET.     

过表达APE1对糖尿病心肌病小鼠心肌损伤的保护作用及机制的研究

目的探讨APE1过表达在糖尿病心肌病小鼠中对心肌损伤的保护作用及机制。方法采用雄性APE1转基因PCR阳性小鼠与其同窝雄性阴性对照小鼠分别给予正常饮食和高糖高脂饮食8周后,按70mg·kg-1的标准腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)或相应剂量的柠檬酸钠缓冲液72h后,若空腹血糖(FBG)>11.1mmol·L-1视为造模成功。后随机分为4组:普通饲料喂养的阴性小鼠对照组(CON组)、普通饲料喂养的APE1转基因小鼠组(CON+APE1组)、高糖高脂饮食结合STZ的阴性小鼠对照组(DCM组)和高糖高脂饮食结合STZ的APE1转基因小鼠组(DCM+APE1组),每组各15只小鼠。再培养8周后,分别测定小鼠体重、血糖值;镜下观察心肌细胞及组织病理变化;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测心肌组织活性氧(ROS),丙二醛(MDA),超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及炎性因子IL-6、IL-1β和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果与DCM组相比,DCM+APE1组的糖尿病心肌病小鼠的体重有所增加,而FBG有所下降(P<0.05);抑制心肌细胞肥大、凋亡及心肌纤维化的程度;增强SOD活性,降低MDA和ROS含量(P<0.05);降低组织中炎性因子IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-a的含量(P<0.05)。结论 APE1对糖尿病心肌病小鼠的心肌细胞损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与APE1的抗氧化应激和抗炎作用有关。     

大鼠完全性脊髓损伤后降钙素基因相关肽与运动终板的关系

目的 观察大鼠完全性脊髓损伤后降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)在骨骼肌运动终板中的变化特点及运动终板的变化。方法 采用Wistar大鼠制作T10脊髓横断模型，分别于损伤后1、2、4、8周取胫前肌肌腹标本，以免疫组化法检测AChE和CGRP在运动终板中的变化。结果 脊髓横断1周后CGRP在运动终板中的数量、分布即明显减少，着色变浅，而AChE在运动终板中的变化发生在损伤后4周时；运动终板中CGRP和AChE始终未完全消失。结论 上运动神经元损伤后骨骼肌运动终板存在退变现象；AChE和CGRP与运动终板的退变相关；检测CGRP能更早地显示运动终板的改变。     

老年舒张性心力衰竭患者血清促甲状腺激素与B型利钠肽的关系

目的探讨老年舒张性心力衰竭(DHF)患者血清促甲状腺激素(TSH)与B型利钠肽(BNP)的关系。方法93例老年舒张性心力衰竭患者同时测定血清TSH和BNP浓度。结果TSH升高（>5.5 μIU/ml)患者(n=46)血清BNP为（1011.07±238.27） pg/ml,高于TSH正常(0.35～5.5 μIU/ml)的患者(n=47)（769.36±169.55） pg/ml（P<0.05）。结论老年舒张性心衰伴TSH升高患者,血清BNP升高更明显。     

In vivo study assessed meropenem and amikacin combination therapy against carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains

BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), especially for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), is an emerging cause that pose a significant threat to public health. However, efficient therapy has not been established. We assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of meropenem (MEPM) and amikacin (AMK) combination therapy.Material and methodsTotal eight isolates of Escherichia coli or Klebsiella pneumoniae, including CRE and/or CPE have carbapenemase genes were used. The relationship between phenotype and in vivo efficacy was assessed in neutropenic murine thigh infection model. Efficacy was determined using the change in bacterial density and survival rate.ResultsThe combination therapy showed enhanced antimicrobial activities against CRE+/CPE+ and CRE+/CPE-K. pneumoniae isolates than MEPM monotherapy (0.63 ± 0.04 vs. 2.56 ± 0.24 ⊿log₁₀ cfu/mL, p < 0.05; −1.05 ± 0.15 vs. −0.48 ± 0.30 ⊿log₁₀ cfu/mL, p < 0.05). Likewise, the combination therapy showed enhanced antimicrobial activities against CRE+/CPE+ and CRE+/CPE-E. coli isolates than MEPM monotherapy (0.90 ± 0.68 vs. 1.86 ± 0.23 ⊿log₁₀ cfu/mL, p < 0.05; −1.81 ± 0.06 vs. −0.88 ± 0.23 ⊿log₁₀ cfu/mL, p < 0.05). Also, combination therapy group showed similar to higher survival rates in CRE + E. coli infection mice, compared to MEPM monotherapy group.ConclusionOur results are the first supportive data to threat CRE infections with combination therapy of MEPM and AMK with in vivo model. The current results verify the promising utility of the combination therapy with MEPM and AMK against CRE isolates with a wide range of MEPM MICs.     

Comparison of two methods based on photoplethysmography for the diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease

Aim. To examine the interchangeability of two methods for distal pressure measurement based on photoplethysmography using a truncated or full display of the arterial inflow curve, respectively. Methods. Toe and ankle pressures were obtained from 69 patients suspected of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Observer reproducibility of the curve readings was examined by blinded reassessment of the pressure curves in a randomly selected subgroup (60 limbs). Results. There were no significant differences in mean pressures between the two methods (p for all >?.455). The limits of agreement for the differences were ?15.0–15.4?mmHg for right toe pressures, ?16.3–16.2?mmHg for left toe pressures, ?14.2–15.7?mmHg for right ankle pressures, and ?18.3–17.7?mmHg for left ankle pressures. Correlation analysis revealed intraclass correlation coefficients ≥0.960 for all measuring sites. Cohen’s Kappa showed excellent agreement in diagnostic classification, with κ?=?0.930 for the diagnosis of PAD and perfect agreement in the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia (κ?=?1.000). The analysis of intra-observer variation for curve reading showed limits of agreement of ?3.9–4.0 for toe pressures and ?7.6–7.7 for ankle pressures for the method involving truncated display and ?3.1–3.2 for toe pressures and ?6.3–8.6 for ankle pressures for the method involving full display of the signal. Conclusion. The present study shows minimal differences in diagnostic classification, as well as in ankle and toe pressures, between the full display and the truncated display of the photoplethysmographic pulse signal. Furthermore, the inter-observer variation was low for both of the photoplethysmographic methods investigated.     

床边快速心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ、肌红蛋白、肌酸激酶同功酶联合检测对急性心肌梗死早期诊断的价值

目的:探讨床边快速心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌红蛋白(Myo)和肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)联合检测对急性心肌梗死(AMI)早期诊断的价值。方法:采用美国博适—Triage干式快速定量心肌梗死/心衰诊断仪,对急诊收治入院的46例急性胸痛病人,采静脉血动态测定cTnI、Myo和CK-MB含量,并结合临床症状、心电图动态变化综合分析。结果:对AMI诊断的敏感性:0～3hcTnI与CK-MB均为29.4%,低于Myo的47.1%,4～6hcTnI为80.0%,其余均为100.0%;对AMI诊断的特异性:cTnI、CK-MB各时间段均为100.0%,Myo0～3h为58.8%、4～6h为40.0%、12h以上为33.3%;三项联合检测0～3h的敏感性和特异性分别是35.3%和86.3%,4～6h为93.3%、80.0%、12h以上为100.0%、77.8%。结论:床边快速cTnI、Myo和CK-MB联合检测,有助于对AMI床边快速早期诊断和鉴别诊断,为AMI及时准确的治疗提供依据。     

Quality management of potential chemotherapy-induced neutropenic complications: evaluation of practice in an academic medical center

Goals

Management of the risk of potential chemotherapy-induced neutropenic complications such as febrile neutropenia (FN) and severe neutropenia (SN) is a quality of care priority. How frequently does care at our institution conform to established guidelines?

Materials and methods

This retrospective chart review study included a random sample of 305 cancer patients receiving care at a single US academic medical center. Abstracted data included demographics, risk factors, and outcome variables (e.g., development of FN/SN, administration of myeloid growth factors). To evaluate quality of care, we assessed conformance between actual practice and established clinical practice guidelines for the use of myeloid growth factors from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN).

Main results

Of the 305 cases reviewed, 8% were classified as low risk (<10%), 48% as intermediate risk (10–20%), and 44% as high risk (>20%), using the risk classifications in the NCCN guidelines modified to accommodate illness and other risk factors. Thirty-four percent received prophylactic administration of myeloid growth factors. Half of the cases had adequate documentation of mid-cycle absolute neutrophil count to determine whether FN/SN developed. Among these cases with adequate documentation, 21% developed FN/SN. Use of growth factors did not conform to established quality guidelines. Overall, 77 of 133 (58%) high-risk cases received myeloid growth factors, whereas six of 25 (24%) low-risk cases received myeloid growth factors.

Conclusions

Routine clinical practice in this academic oncology setting was poorly aligned with established guidelines; there is substantial opportunity to standardize clinical strategies and increase conformance with evidence-based guidelines.     

Point-of-care ultrasound leads to diagnostic shifts in patients with undifferentiated hypotension

Objective

To assess the impact of an ultrasound hypotension protocol in identifying life-threatening diagnoses that were missed in the initial evaluation of patients with hypotension and shock.

新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病NO、GSH—PX和TNF的含量测定及其临床意义

目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)血浆和脑脊液(CSF)中的一氧化氮(NO)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)含量变化及其与HIE不同时期和不同程度间的相关关系.方法对HIE患儿第3天的CSF和出生初入院(HIE2h内)、第1天、第2天、恢复期的血浆中NO、SOD进行检测,并与正常对照组比较;分析NO、GSH-PX、TNF的变化原因和意义.结果HIE患儿血浆中第1天的NO含量最高,而GSH-PX相反;初入院、第1天、第3天的血浆中NO、GSH-PX含量与正常对照组对比均有显著性差异(P＜0.01),而恢复期中NO、GSH-PX含量与正常对照组对比无显著性差异(P＞0.05),血浆和HIE第3天的CSF中NO和GSH-PX水平均呈负相关;病情越重NO浓度越高,GSH-PX越低.急性期血浆TNF显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),恢复期两组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论NO、GSH-PX和TNF参与HIE的发病过程,在HIE的发病过程中起着重要作用;检测血浆和CSF中NO、GSH-PX、TNF含量有助于判断HIE患儿病变程度和病情进展.     

毛喉鞘蕊花中抗急性肺损伤活性成分对人中性粒细胞功能的影响

目的 实验研究从植物毛喉鞘蕊花中提取的化合物--异佛司可林(Isoforskolin,ISOF)及有效部位(CF-E,主要为异佛司可林类似物混合物),对人中性粒细胞(PMN)功能的调节作用,以探讨其抗急性肺损伤(ALI)的作用机制.方法 从人脐静脉血中分离得到人PMN,测定受试物对N-甲酰甲硫亮氨酰苯丙氨酸(fMLP)诱导人血PMN聚集,以及内毒索(LPS)诱导PMN与人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(ECV-304)黏附的影响.流式细胞仪、放免法测定受试物对LPS诱导PMN分泌细胞黏附分子、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、环腺苷酸(cAMP)的影响.结果 因ISOF及CF-E明显抑制PMN聚集及黏附反应,诱导剂对照组的聚集率、黏附率分别为(44.14±2.36)%、(14.92±1.05)%,25,50,100/μmol/L ISOF剂量组的聚集率分别降低至(25.22±1.62)%、(35.33±4.57)%、(24.88±6.45)%,黏附率分别降低至(9.02±0.31)%、(7.12±0.35)%、(5.52±0.34)%(P<0.01或0.05);ISOF及CF-E显著抑制PMN黏附分子CD11b、CD18、CD14分泌,诱导剂对照组的黏附分子CD14表达率为(40.77±3.91)%,25,50,100 μmol/L ISOF 剂量组的 CD14表达率分别降低至(21.58±2.21)%、(18.05±0.97)%、(0.75±0.09)%(P<0.01);ISOF及CF-E明显抑制PMN的TNF-α分泌,而升高PMN内cAMP含量,诱导剂组及50,100 μmol/L ISOF剂量组的TNF-α水平分别为(0.72±0.03)、(O.59±0.09)、(0.42±0.02)ng/1.5×106个细胞(P<0.01或P<0.05),溶媒对照组及50,100μmot/LISOF剂量组的cAMP分别为(1.23±0.05)、(1.61±0.36)、(2.11±0.25)ng/1.5×106个细胞(P<0.01).结论 ISOF及CF-E明显抑制fMLP、LPS激活状态下PMN的聚集、黏附及分泌功能,升高PMN内cAMP水平,ISOF及CF-E的抗ALI的作用机制与调节PMN功能有关.     

直线偏振光近红外线(超激光)合并神经阻滞治疗带状疱疹的疗效观察

目的观察直线偏振光近红外线仪照射合并神经阻滞对带状疱疹的治疗效果.方法70例带状疱疹患者随机分为两组,Ⅰ组在神经阻滞的基础上给予直线偏振光近红外线照射,Ⅱ组只采用单纯神经阻滞疗法.以VAS评价两组的疗效,比较观察两组治疗后疼痛缓解及皮损改善的显效率,好转率,无效率和有效率.结果两组治疗前后VAS均有显著性差异(P＜0.01);疼痛缓解的显效率和有效率两组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).皮损改善的显效率Ⅰ组为15%,Ⅱ组为26.7%,两组之间有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论直线偏振光近红外线治疗仪照射合并神经阻滞优于单纯神经阻滞,前者在治疗带状疱疹皮损改善中有较好的效果.