卵巢交界性肿瘤70例临床分析

目的分析卵巢交界性肿瘤患者的临床特点、治疗方案及预后,探讨影响卵巢交界性肿瘤患者的复发及预后因素。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军第421医院2007年9月至2013年6月经术后病理证实的卵巢交界性肿瘤患者70例的临床资料及随访资料。结果70例卵巢交界性肿瘤患者平均年龄(39.19±17.58)岁;根据FIGO分期,Ⅰ期56例,Ⅱ期6例,Ⅲ期8例;病理类型浆液性35例,黏液性28例,其他7例;CA125升高33例,CA199升高19例;微乳头浸润7例,浸润性种植4例;所有患者均进行手术治疗,其中术后化疗23例,5例复发,肿瘤分期手术与单侧附件切除、单纯肿瘤剥除术5年生存率均为100%。结论卵巢交界性肿瘤发病年龄较轻,预后较好,手术为主要治疗方式,对早期患者可行保留生育功能的手术,但需进行长期随访观察。肿瘤病理分期,微乳头及浸润性种植可能是卵巢交界性肿瘤患者复发及预后的影响因素。     

卵巢黏液性交界性肿瘤的研究现状

卵巢黏液性交界性肿瘤的发病年龄较轻,多数患者确诊时为早期,预后较好,晚期及伴有浸润性种植者预后相对较差。治疗应行全面分期手术,年轻有生育要求者可行保留生育功能的手术。卵巢交界性肿瘤可远期复发,需长期随访。MBOT更易出现浸润性复发,其机制有待进一步研究。     

卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤的预后分析

目的:探讨卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤影响预后的因素。方法:回顾分析71例卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤患者的临床资料,采用单因素和多因素分析方法分析影响复发和预后的因素。结果:BOT患者的5年总生存率97.0%,5年无瘤生存率为94.0%。单因素分析发现,FIGO分期、微浸润、腹膜种植、手术切除类型(肿瘤剥除与附件切除)、肿瘤包膜破裂、双侧卵巢受累与卵巢交界性肿瘤的预后有关(P0.05)。COX多因素模型分析提示,手术切除类型、肿瘤包膜破裂是影响预后的独立因素(P0.05)。结论:BOT发病年龄轻,预后良好,其复发与肿瘤FIGO分期、微浸润、腹膜种植、手术切除类型、包膜破裂等相关。对有高危因素者术后需长期密切随访。     

卵巢交界性肿瘤有关问题

卵巢交界性肿瘤又称低度恶性潜能肿瘤,是介于良性肿瘤和恶性肿瘤之间的一组特殊类型的卵巢肿瘤。发病年龄轻,多数疾病为早期,预后较好,晚期及伴有浸润性种植者预后相对较差。主要病理类型为浆液性和黏液性交界性肿瘤。交界性肿瘤一般应行全面分期手术,年轻患者可行保留生育功能的手术。早期和低危病例无需术后辅助治疗,晚期和浸润性种植者可行术后辅助化疗。交界性肿瘤多远期复发,需长期随访。     

保留生育功能手术的卵巢交界性肿瘤61例临床研究

目的:探讨卵巢交界性肿瘤(BOT)的临床特征、保留生育功能的手术方案及预后。方法:回顾性分析四川省人民医院2005年1月至2019年12月收治的61例行保留生育功能手术的BOT患者的临床资料。结果:患者平均年龄27.66岁,67.21%的患者(41例)无明显临床症状;术前癌抗原125(CA_(125))升高者占74.14%(43/58),糖链抗原19-9(CA_(19-9))升高者占38.18%(21/56),人附睾蛋白4(HE4)升高者占8.70%(2/23)。国际妇产科联盟(FIGO)分期ⅠA期27例,ⅠB期8例,ⅠC期18例,ⅡB期2例,Ⅲ期6例。病理类型交界性浆液性卵巢肿瘤(S-BOT)32例,交界性黏液性卵巢肿瘤(M-BOT)27例,交界性浆黏液性卵巢肿瘤2例。M-BOT患者CA_(19-9)阳性率高于S-BOT者(60%vs 17.86%,P0.05)。随访58例,9例复发,复发率15.52%。单因素分析显示复发与FIGO分期、肿瘤累及卵巢范围、卵巢手术方式有关(P0.05),但多因素分析显示以上因素均不是肿瘤复发的独立危险因素。25例患者术后尝试妊娠,17例成功妊娠并足月分娩,1例正在妊娠;卵巢囊肿剥除组患者妊娠率高于单侧附件切除组(87.50%vs 64.71%),但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:BOT患者缺乏特异性临床症状及肿瘤标志物,诊断时多为早期,年轻有生育要求患者可行保留生育功能手术。手术方式首选附件切除术,早期BOT患者不推荐同时行分期手术。保留生育功能手术者术后复发风险可接受,复发后可再次行保留生育功能手术。     

卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤58例临床分析

目的:探讨卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤(BOT)的临床情况及影响复发的有关因素.方法:回顾性分析我院诊治的58例BOT患者的临床资料及治疗结局.结果:58例患者的平均发病年龄为37.6岁;临床表现以无症状的盆腔肿块为主,共29例占50.00％;血清肿瘤标志物:CA 125升高33例(56.90％),CA199升高20例(34.48％),两者比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).所有患者均进行手术治疗,其中37例患者行保留生育功能手术.分期以Ⅰ期最多,占87.93％;浆液性和黏液性分别为25例和33例.术后随访8 ～68月,患者均存活;4例(6.90％)复发,肿瘤有微乳头或浸润性种植的患者复发率较高(P＜0.05).5例保留生育功能手术的患者在手术后正常妊娠并分娩.结论:BOT患者较年轻,以Ⅰ期为主,血CA125检测对诊断有帮助.手术是主要治疗手段,患者预后较好.其复发与肿瘤存在微乳头或浸润性种植可能有关.对其进行保留生育功能手术是安全有效的,术后需长期随访.     

交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤234例临床病理及预后分析

目的 探讨交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤的临床病理特征及预后,并探讨复发相关因素.方法 回顾性分析四川大学华西第二医院2001年1月至2007年6月收治的交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤患者的临床病理资料,通过单因素及多因素logistic回归模型对复发相关因素进行分析.结果 234例交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤患者的发病年龄为40.1岁(14～80岁).其中,浆液性肿瘤101例(43.2%),黏液性肿瘤94例(40.2%),混合性肿瘤19例(8.1%),子宫内膜样肿瘤12例(5.1%)及透明细胞肿瘤8例(3.4%);Ⅰ期161例(68.8%),Ⅱ期19例(8.1%),Ⅲ期54例(23.1%),无Ⅳ期病例.182例(77.8%)患者行开腹手术,45例(19.2%)行腹腔镜手术,7例腹腔镜改行开腹手术.119例(50.9%)患者行保守性手术(保留子宫及至少1侧附件),115例(49.1%)行非保守性手术(子宫切除+双侧附件切除术).平均随访时间为40个月(8～78个月),26例(11.1%)患者术后复发,无肿瘤相关的死亡病例.单因素分析显示,肿瘤复发与手术方式、肿瘤径线大小、是否为双侧病变、囊肿破裂与否、分期、是否为微乳头浆液性交界性卵巢肿瘤、是否为微浸润及腹膜种植与否有关(P均<0.05).经多因素分析显示,手术方式(OR=2.304,P=0.024)、囊肿破裂(OR=2.213,P=0.038)、分期(OR=4.114,P<0.01)、微浸润(OR=2.291,P=0.046)及腹膜种植(OR=2.101,P=0.016)是肿瘤复发的独立危险因素.结论 交界性卵巢上皮性肿瘤虽预后好,但部分患者仍存在复发风险,应重视具有复发高危因素的病例.     

卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤的临床病理分析

目的　探讨影响卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤预后的临床及病理因素。方法　回顾性分析我院 1973年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月收治的 3 4例卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤及 3 0例Ⅰ期卵巢上皮性癌 (卵巢癌 )患者的临床病理资料 ,并按 1999年WHO的组织学标准核对诊断。结果　 64例患者中 ,符合卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤诊断者 3 7例 ,其中 6例微浸润的卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤曾被误诊为Ⅰ期卵巢癌 ,1例卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤为非浸润性腹膜种植。卵巢癌组织学类型以黏液性和浆液性为主 ,95 %为国际妇产科联盟 (FIGO)临床分期的Ⅰ期。患者均行手术治疗 ,其中 11例行保守手术者复发率为9% ;2 6例肿瘤细胞减灭术后给予环磷酰胺 +阿霉素 +顺铂 (CAP)方案为主的化学药物治疗 (化疗 )。已随访 5年、10年患者的生存率均达 10 0 %。经多因素相关分析显示 ,组织学类型和是否化疗是影响预后的因素 (P <0 0 1)。结论　卵巢交界性上皮性肿瘤患者以手术治疗为主 ,应适当辅以化疗     

青春期少女卵巢上皮性肿瘤的临床特点及治疗

目的探讨青春期少女卵巢上皮性肿瘤的临床特点及治疗方法。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院1983年1月-2002年10月间收治的全部13～19岁卵巢上皮性肿瘤患者29例。其中,良性肿瘤20例、交界性肿瘤4例、恶性肿瘤5例。结果患者平均年龄16．5岁,其中13-14岁3例(10％)、15．16岁9例(31％)、17-19岁17例(59％)。临床表现主要为腹痛、腹胀、下腹部巨大肿物。病理类型：黏液性肿瘤22例,浆液性肿瘤6例,子宫内膜样肿瘤1例。手术病理分期：交界性或恶性肿瘤患者9例中,Ⅰ期8例,Ⅲc期1例。治疗：良性肿瘤20例中,开腹行一侧附件切除术9例,腹腔镜下行卵巢囊肿剔除术11例;9例交界性或恶性肿瘤患者全部施行了肿瘤细胞减灭术和全面的分期手术,其中8例I期患者保留了生育功能,1例Ⅲc期患者未保留生育功能;5例恶性肿瘤患者中,4例接受了4-6个疗程以顺铂为主的化疗。随访期间良、恶性肿瘤无一例复发。结论青春期少女卵巢上皮性肿瘤的发生率随年龄的增长而增加;黏液性肿瘤是最常见的病理类型。对于多数良性肿瘤患者可以考虑腹腔镜下行肿瘤剔除术;对于交界性或恶性肿瘤患者应兼顾治愈肿瘤和保留生育功能,治疗方案应个体化。     

卵巢交界性肿瘤治疗进展

卵巢交界性肿瘤(BOT)占卵巢上皮性肿瘤的10%～20%,其生物学行为介于卵巢良性肿瘤与恶性浸润性肿瘤之间,为低度恶性卵巢肿瘤。近年来,国内外学者认为大多数患者接受了过度治疗。主张对部分有生育要求的年轻患者行保守性手术治疗。目前对于BOT的治疗尚无明确的标准和治疗规范,在具体的临床实践中,仍存在许多问题及争议。就BOT在手术治疗(全面分期手术、保守性手术、再分期手术、腹腔镜手术的应用)、术后辅助治疗以及复发后治疗方面进行综述。     

Prevention of Recurrent Mucinous Borderline Ovarian Tumor with Aromatase Inhibitor

BackgroundAromatase inhibitors (AIs) are used for estrogen-modulated conditions. Some borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) express estrogen receptors. We present 2 cases of progression from mucinous cystadenoma to mucinous BOT (mBOT) after prior cystectomies in whom an AI was used with recurrence prevention.CasesTwo patients underwent laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy for mucinous cystadenoma. Serial imaging demonstrated recurrent ovarian cysts for which both underwent fertility sparing surgery (FSS) with ovarian cystectomy for mBOT. Both patients were initiated on an AI and have been without recurrence.Summary and ConclusionBOT predominantly occur in reproductive aged females. FSS with cystectomy is an option, but recurrence occurs in 12-36% of cases. The use of AI in prevention of recurrent BOT shows promise, and more studies are needed to explore this treatment.     

Recurrence and prognostic factors in borderline ovarian tumors

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival estimates and clinico-pathological variables in patients treated for borderline ovarian tumors. METHODS: The patients treated for borderline ovarian tumors were evaluated retrospectively. Data were obtained from hospital records and special gynecologic oncology forms. RESULTS: Overall, 100 patients were evaluated. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 41.7 (range, 19-84). Seventy one (71%) patients underwent surgical staging including 49 (49%) of them with comprehensive surgical staging, 22 (22%) with fertility-sparing surgery. Only 30 (30%) patients were unstaged. The histopathological diagnosis was serous, mucinous, and the other types of borderline ovarian tumor in 54 (54%), 39 (39%), and 7 (7%) of the patients, respectively. Seventy patients had stage IA (70%), 10 had stage IB (10%), 9 had stage IC (9%), 3 had stage IIIA (3%), and 8 had stage IIIC (8%) disease. The stage of only four patients in which disease confined to ovary was upgraded as stage IIIC following surgical staging procedure. The recurrence rate was found 3% (3). The overall disease-free survival rates of BOT in surgically staged (comprehensive, fertility-sparing surgery) and unstaged patients were 97.92%, 95.00%, and 96.30%, respectively. But, the overall tumor-free survival was significantly found to be decreased in cases of young age (<30 years old), performing fertility-sparing surgery and presence of micropapillary architecture or peritoneal implants. Overall survival rates of BOT in surgically staged (comprehensive, fertility-sparing surgery) and unstaged patients were 97.9%, and 100% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Low malignant potential ovarian tumors have excellent survival, and the patients can be treated safely by conservative surgery.     

早期宫颈癌保留生育功能治疗后肿瘤和妊娠结局的多中心研究

目的探讨宫颈癌保留生育功能治疗后肿瘤和妊娠结局对临床的指导价值。方法选取北京市9个研究中心2008年1月至2012年5月55例保留生育功能治疗的宫颈癌患者为研究对象,收集临床资料及随访结果,对数据进行统计学分析。结果 55例中子宫颈鳞癌52例,子宫颈腺癌3例;FIGO（2009）分期ⅠA1期17例,ⅠA2期7例,ⅠB1期31例;48例行广泛宫颈切除＋腹膜后淋巴结切除术,7例行次广泛宫颈切除＋腹膜后淋巴结切除术;11例术前行新辅助化疗1～2疗程,9例术后进行1～6个疗程的化疗。术后完成随访53例（96.4%）,中位随访时间19.2个月,49例（92.5%）对目前生活质量满意。肿瘤结局和妊娠结局如下：①保留生育功能治疗后肿瘤复发1例（1.9%）;②治疗后有妊娠计划的26例患者中,9例（9/26,34.6%）共有11次妊娠;其中足月分娩6次（6/11,54.5%）,早产2次（2/11,18.2%）,自然流产（10周）、人工流产（8周）及药物流产（6周）各1次（1/11,9.1%）。结论广泛/次广泛宫颈切除术作为年轻早期宫颈癌患者保留生育功能的治疗方法,安全有效,妊娠结局良好。     

卵巢交界性黏液性肿瘤130例临床病理分析

目的 探讨卵巢交界性黏液性肿瘤的临床病理特征及复发相关危险因素.方法 选择1994年1月至2008年12月北京协和医院收治的卵巢黏液性交界性肿瘤患者130例,回顾性分析其临床病理特征,包括年龄、术前血清肿瘤标志物(术前有血清CA125、CA199检测资料的患者分别为96、26例)、手术方式、病理特点、手术病理分期及复发情况,并对复发相关因素进行分析.结果 患者平均发病年龄为41岁(14～85岁),分别有34%(33/96)和50%(13/26)的患者术前血清CA125或CA199水平升高.手术方式:广泛性手术(即不保留生育功能的手术)52例(40.0%),保守性手术(即保留生育功能的手术)78例(60.0%),其中54例(41.5%)行单侧附件切除术、24例(18.5%)行患侧肿瘤剔除术;共55例患者进行了全面分期手术,其中保守性手术和广泛性手术分别为27和28例.病理特点:肿瘤平均直径(16±10)cm(4～50 cm),117例(90.0%)患者的肿瘤位于单侧;45例(34.6%)伴良性黏液性肿瘤,14例(10.8%)伴上皮内癌,8例(6.2%)伴间质微浸润癌,4例(3.1%)伴腹膜假黏液瘤.手术病理分期:Ⅰa期59例(45.4%),Ⅰc期62例(47.7%),Ⅱ期2例(1.5%),Ⅲ期7例(5.4%).复发情况:平均随访56.3个月(6～198个月),16例(12.3%)复发,手术至初次复发平均间隔时间为25.6个月(6～62个月),2例为肿瘤相关性死亡.复发相关因素:广泛性手术及保守性手术包括患侧附件切除、患侧卵巢肿瘤剔除术后的复发率分别为4%(2/49)、13%(7/54)和17%(4/24),广泛性手术后的复发率明显低于保守性手术(P＜0.05);Ⅰa、Ⅰc和Ⅲ期患者的复发率分别为3%(2/59)、18%(11/62)和3/7,Ⅰc和Ⅲ期患者的复发率均明显高于Ⅰa期(P＜0.05);伴腹膜黏液瘤患者的复发率为3/4,明显高于其他交界性肿瘤(P＜0.01),而是否伴上皮内癌、间质微浸润癌及行全面分期手术均与复发无关(P＞0.05).结论 卵巢黏液性交界性肿瘤可能为卵巢黏液性癌的癌前病变,但发病年龄轻、期别早、预后好.保守性手术较广泛性手术易复发,但并不影响远期生存;是否伴上皮内癌、间质微浸润癌及行全面分期手术与复发无关;而期别晚、合并腹膜假黏液瘤与复发相关.

Abstract：

Objective To determine the clinicopathologic characteristics of mucinous borderline ovarian tumors (MBOT) and evaluate the risk factors for recurrence. Methods A retrospective study included age, the level of Preoperative serum CA125, surgical procedures, surgical-staging and the risk factors for recurrence in 130 patients with MBOT who were treated from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 2008 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital was done. Results Preoperative serum CA125 and CA199 were elevated in 34% (33/96) and 50% (13/26) of patients respectively. Fifty-two radical surgeries included total hysterectomy and bilateral saipingo-oovarectomy (THBSO) and 78 fertility-sparing surgeries included 54salpingo-oovarectomies (SO) and 24 cystectomy were done. Fifty-five cases underwent comprehensive surgical staging. Mean size of the tumors was (16 ± 10)cm and 90. 0% (117/130) were limited to unilateral ovary. There were 59 (45.4%) cases, 62 (47.7%o) cases, 2 (1.5%) cases and 7 (5.4%) cases in stage Ⅰa, Ⅰc, Ⅱ , Ⅲ , respectively. Forty-five(34.6%)concurrent with benign mucinous tumors, 14(10.8%)ovarian intraepithelial carcinoma, 8 (6.2%) micro-invasive carcinoma and 4 (3.1%) pseudomyxoma peritonei were found. Median duration for follow-up was 56.3 months. Sixteen (12.3%) recurrences and 2 tumor related deaths were found. Median duration from surgery to recurrence was 25.6 months. Recurrent rate after THBSO(4%, 2/49)was significantly lower than that of SO(13%, 7/54) and cystectomy (17%,4/24; P ＜ 0.05). The recurrent rate of Ⅰc or Ⅲ was 18% (11/62) or 3/7, which were significantly higher than that of stage Ⅰa (3% ,2/59; P ＜0.05). Three of the 4 pseudomyxoma peritonei appeared recurrence.While,the results showed that these were no effect on recurrent rate whether concurrent intraepithelial,microinvasive carcinoma or not comprehensive staging surgery. Conclusions Majority of MBOT were diagnosed in early stage and have favorable prognosis. Patients who take conservative surgery had higher recurrence rate than those radical surgery, but it doesn't affect survival. Late stage and concurrent pseudomyxoma peritonei are risk factors for recurrence.     

Borderline ovarian tumors in reproductive-age women. Fertility-sparing surgery and outcome

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the fertility and survival outcomes in young women with borderline ovarian tumors treated with fertility-sparing surgery. STUDY DESIGN: From 1985 to 2002, 25 women with borderline ovarian cancers surgically managed with preservation of the uterus and at least a portion of 1 ovary were identified from tumor registry databases at 2 southern California hospitals. Data for analysis were collected from hospital charts, office records and tumor registry files. RESULTS: Twenty-five patients (median age, 29 years) with borderline ovarian tumors, including 10 with stage IA, 3 with stage IC, 1 with stage IIIA and 11 with unstaged disease, underwent fertility-sparing surgery, consisting of unilateral adnexectomy in 19, unilateral adnexectomy with contralateral cystectomy in 5 and unilateral cystectomy in 1. No disease recurred, providing an overall survival of 100%. Fertility status was available on 15 patients 4-157 months after surgery; 6 of them attempted to become pregnant. Five women had successful pregnancies, with a total of 5 live births. One woman underwent assisted reproductive techniques, became pregnant but aborted. The median follow-up was 80 months (range, 4-157). CONCLUSION: Conservative surgery for borderline ovarian tumors should be considered for women in the reproductive age group who desire preservation of fertility.     

卵巢交界性肿瘤47例临床分析

目的探讨卵巢交界性肿瘤的临床特点、治疗方法及影响复发的临床病理因素。方法回顾性分析北京大学人民医院2004年8月至2009年6月收治的47例卵巢交界性肿瘤患者的临床资料。结果Ⅰ期卵巢交界性肿瘤患者39例(82.98%),Ⅱ期3例(6.38%),Ⅲ期5例(10.64%);术前彩超提示卵巢囊肿内有乳头状或实性区结构;伴血流信号者41例(87.23%),其中低血流阻力者13例(31.71%);CA125增高者25例(55.56%),CA199增高者10例(26.32%)。患者均行手术治疗,术中冰冻与石蜡病理的符合率为78.71%。术后化疗15例(31.91%)。24例行保守手术者复发4例,复发率16.67%,23例行根治性手术者复发2例,复发率8.69%,平均复发时间为20.83个月(7个月～3年),2例死亡。结论有复发高危因素的卵巢交界性肿瘤患者应进行化疗,以改善患者的预后。     

卵巢粘液性上皮内癌12例报告

目的:探讨卵巢粘液性上皮内癌的诊断意义和临床特点。方法:回顾分析2001年以来北京协和医院收治的12例卵巢粘液性上皮内癌(组织学检查确诊)的病理及临床特点和预后,并复习文献进行讨论。结果:患者中位年龄40.0岁。肿瘤均为单侧,肿瘤最大直径的中位数19.0cm(8.0~55.0cm)。ⅠA期8例,ⅠC期4例。1例行肿物剔除术,5例行附件切除术,3例行全子宫加双附件切除术,3例行肿瘤细胞减灭术。平均随诊38.8个月,无1例复发或死亡。结论:卵巢粘液性上皮内癌属卵巢粘液性交界瘤范畴,可能是浸润癌的癌前病变。年轻患者可行保留生育功能手术,预后较好,与同期别的粘液性交界瘤相当。     

Ultrasound, physical examination, and CA 125 measurement for the detection of recurrence after conservative surgery for early borderline ovarian tumors

BACKGROUND: Borderline ovarian tumors often affect women of childbearing age and the prognosis is outstanding. Given the young age of several patients and the good prognosis, fertility-sparing surgery is considered adequate for stage I tumors. However, women treated conservatively have a relatively small but well-defined risk of recurrence and no study has specifically addressed the optimal follow-up technique. METHODS: From 1981 to 1997, 164 women underwent fertility-sparing surgery for stage I borderline ovarian tumor and were followed prospectively. After surgery all women underwent physical examination and ultrasound examination every 3 months for 2 years after first diagnosis and every 6 months thereafter. Measurement of serum CA 125 levels was planned every 6 months in patients with a serous tumor. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 71, months 28 women treated with fertility-sparing surgery (28/164 = 17%) had either recurrence of borderline tumor (23) or recurrence with carcinoma. Complete details of follow-up procedures are available for 24 women and they represent the study population. An abnormal adnexal mass was detected in 18 of 19 women with recurrent borderline tumor. One patient had diagnosis due to persistent free fluid. All five women with invasive carcinoma had diagnosis of a complex adnexal mass. Gynecologic examination was suspicious (palpable mass) in 7 cases and obviously abnormal (large mass or nodules) in another 7. CA 125 serum levels were elevated in 8 cases. CONCLUSION: Transvaginal ultrasound is currently the most effective diagnostic technique for the follow-up of young patients treated conservatively for early borderline ovarian tumor.