多层螺旋CT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞中的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用。方法：使用6层螺旋CT对39位肺动脉栓塞患者进行血管成像检查。应用准直1．0mm,螺距1．25进行扫描,将得到的原始数据行层厚1．25mm、3．0mm轴面重建,MIP2mm、5mm多视角多平面重组及MRP重组。分析不同后处理技术的检出栓塞动脉支数进行比较。结果：39例肺动脉栓塞患者,共累及肺动脉血管326支,以上5种重建方法对肺动脉主干及叶动脉的栓塞,显示检出结果一致。对段及亚段动脉的栓塞MPR优于其它后处理方法（P〈0．05）。结论：多层螺旋CT血管造影是肺栓塞安全、敏感性且特异性高的无创性诊断方法,其图像后处理技术更为直观、全面的显示栓子的形态、部位、范围。     

40层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用价值

目的:探讨40层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞中的应用价值.方法:使用40层螺旋CT扫描机(Siemens Defination AS 40)对临床初步诊断肺动脉栓塞的38例患者进行研究.采用层厚5 mm行胸部增强扫描.利用3D后处理工作站进行重建为0.75 mm的轴面及多平面重建(MPR).比较层厚5 mm和1mm的轴面图像及MPR图像.结果:CT诊断肺动脉栓塞31例.病变共累计肺动脉260支.对于主肺动脉及肺叶动脉栓塞,3种图像检出结果一致.但对于肺段及亚段肺动脉栓塞的显示,层厚0.75 mm优于5 mm,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01),0.75 mm的MPR与轴面图像间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论:40层螺旋CT在肺动脉栓塞诊断中具有无创、快速、敏感性高的优点,应当作为肺动脉栓塞的首选检查方法.     

MSCT肺血管成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT肺血管成像对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值.方法:对24例肺动脉栓塞病例行多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像检查,图像采用1.0mm层厚、0.7mm层间距和0.75mm层厚、0.5mm层间距进行重建,CTPA后处理采用容积再现(VRT)、最大密度投影(MIP)和多平面重建(MPR),对重建的图像进行对照分析、比较优缺点.结果:24例病例中,病变共累及76支肺动脉,其中,主肺动脉6支、肺叶动脉36支、肺段动脉27支、亚段动脉7支.肺动脉栓塞病变显示,1.0mm及0.75mm层厚重建无显著性差异意义.结论:多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像具有安全、快速、无创优点,对肺动脉栓塞诊断特异性强、敏感性高,可作为肺动脉栓塞的首选检查方法.     

肺动脉栓塞的CT血管造影检查

目的研究CT肺动脉血管造影联合下肢深静脉血管造影在肺栓塞的诊断中的作用及多层螺旋CT的优势。方法采用单层螺旋CT或16层螺旋CT对临床拟诊肺栓塞的所有患者行肺动脉血管造影(CTPA)及下肢静脉血管造影,统计栓塞的数目及类型。结果44例肺栓塞中,肺栓塞合并下肢静脉栓塞的34例,单纯肺栓塞的10例。单层螺旋CT及16层螺旋CT检查的病人总的栓塞显示率分别为12.1%及19.0%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.004);肺段及肺段以上肺动脉栓塞的显示率分别为25.3%及29.7%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.104);亚段及亚段以下显示率分别为1.1%及10.2%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论CT肺动脉血管造影联合下肢血管造影是肺栓塞的无创、快速、敏感性和特异性均较高的诊断方法。16层螺旋CT在检查肺栓塞方面优于单层螺旋CT。     

螺旋CT对肺血管疾病诊断的临床应用

目的 探讨螺旋CT肺动脉造影(SCTPA)在肺血管疾病诊断中的临床应用价值。方法 对65例肺血管疾病行SCTPA检查，包括先天性肺血管疾病(肺动静脉瘘6例，特发性肺动脉扩张8例，肺动脉发育不全3例，一侧肺动脉缺如1例及肺静脉畸形引流5例)、获得性肺血管疾病(肺动脉栓塞41例，大动脉炎累及肺动脉1例)。SCTPA扫描层厚3mm，螺距1～1.5，亚秒级扫描时间0.8s，重建层厚1mm，重建方法包括MIP、MPR和SSD。结果 SCTPA对6例肺动静脉瘘共显示供血动脉13条、引流静脉9条和瘤囊8个，漏诊1例为多发性肺动静脉漏中的小瘤囊；特发性肺动脉扩张、肺动脉发育不全、一侧肺动脉缺如者SCTPA均能明确诊断；5例肺静脉畸形引流中的心外畸形部分SCTPA与手术对照良好；45例肺动脉栓塞，SCTPA诊断中心型肺栓塞35例，周围型肺栓塞6例。结论 SCTPA即可以显示肺血管的形态、结构与走行，又可显示肺血管内特征，对肺血管疾病的诊断有较高的临床实用价值，可大部分取代有创性肺血管造影。     

16层螺旋CT在实验性肺栓塞中的应用

目的评价16层螺旋CT诊断肺栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)特别是周围型肺栓塞的价值。方法9只犬于DSA下经导管将直径2~4mm、长1cm左右的明胶海绵条及直径为1mm、长1cm的线段若干注入肺动脉,制成周围型肺栓塞动物模型,定期对实验犬行肺部CT扫描,观察肺梗死出现情况。10d后行多层螺旋CT肺血管造影(multi-slicespiral CT pulmonary angiography,MSCTPA)检查,检查后将实验犬处死并对肺组织行病理观察。结果9只犬全部完成实验过程,其中4只犬发生了肺梗死,MSCT-PA共发现了52支肺动脉栓塞,其中叶动脉2支,段动脉18支,亚段动脉32支。病理解剖发现55支肺动脉栓塞,其中叶动脉2支,段动脉18支,亚段动脉35支。诊断周围型肺栓塞的准确性为94.34%,对发生在亚段肺动脉内的肺栓塞准确性为91.43%,阳性预测价值为94.12%。结论16层螺旋CT是诊断肺栓塞的可靠方法。     

256层螺旋CT不同后处理方法对老年肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的 :探讨256层螺旋CT不同后处理方法对老年肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值。方法 :对临床拟诊为肺动脉栓塞的38例老年患者行256层螺旋CT肺动脉血管造影。由2名放射科医师共同阅片,比较MPR、MIP及VR对各级肺动脉血管栓塞的显示率。结果:共30例确诊为肺动脉栓塞,累及主肺动脉、肺叶、段、亚段肺动脉分别为30、67、118、52支。MPR、MIP、VR均能全部显示主肺动脉栓子;三者对主肺动脉栓塞以及三者对肺叶动脉栓塞的显示率差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05),三者对肺段动脉栓塞的显示差异有统计学意义(χ~2=74.85,P0.05),对亚段动脉栓塞的显示MIP与VR间差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.38,P0.05),其余两者比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:薄层横断面及MPR是显示肺段及以下动脉血管栓子较为可靠的方法。256层螺旋CT肺动脉造影结合三维重建技术是筛选和诊断肺动脉栓塞的有效手段。     

16层螺旋CT肺血管造影对亚段肺栓塞诊断的成像技术探讨

目的:研究16层螺旋CT肺血管造影在急性肺动脉栓塞(PE)诊断中的应用价值。着重探讨亚段水平周围型肺栓塞的适宜扫描参数及显示方法。方法:应用16层螺旋CT扫描机(GE ligtspeed 16)对临床拟诊肺栓塞的42例患者进行前瞻性研究。依据患者屏气时间长短,设定3组扫描参数。结果:CT诊断肺栓塞31例。中央型22例,周围型9例。3组扫描参数均可清晰显示亚段水平肺动脉栓子。高质量扫描模式肺动脉CTA成像质量最高,常规扫描模式次之,高速扫描模式再次之。结论:16层螺旋CT肺血管造影快速、无创、敏感性、特异性高。选择适宜扫描参数及显示方法,急性肺栓塞诊断可以达到亚段水平。2组常规扫描模式更为适宜PE患者。     

螺旋CT肺动脉造影诊断肺栓塞的临床应用研究

目的评价螺旋CT肺动脉造影(sp iral CT pu lmonary angiography,SCTPA)诊断肺栓塞的临床价值及其限度。方法52例肺栓塞均行SCTPA检查。SCTPA扫描时间为0.8 s,扫描层厚3 mm,螺距1.5~2.0,重建层厚1 mm,重建方法包括M IP、MPR和SSD。结果统计52例肺栓塞的2898支血管,其中927支血管SCTPA检出肺栓塞直接征象,约占32.0%;1302支段以上肺动脉中,728支显示肺栓塞的直接征象;1896支亚段肺动脉中,199支显示直接征象。平扫显示间接征象共113例次。结论SCTPA是一种高效、无创性的肺栓塞检查方法,对段以上肺栓塞不仅可做准确的定性诊断,而且可定量分析,但对亚段以下肺栓塞的诊断受限。     

MSCT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的:探讨MSCT肺血管造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用.方法:10例肺动脉栓塞患者采用MSCT增强扫描,并进行多平面重建结果:应用16排螺旋CT扫描主肺动脉、叶肺动脉、段、亚段动脉显示良好,显示受累肺动脉72支,其直接征象为肺动脉充盈缺损,间接征象包括肺梗死、肺少血征、胸腔积液.结论:16层螺旋CT能清楚地显示肺栓塞的直接征象及间接征象,及时发现和诊断肺栓塞.     

Subsegmental pulmonary emboli: improved detection with thin-collimation multi-detector row spiral CT

PURPOSE: To compare different reconstruction thicknesses of thin-collimation multi-detector row spiral computed tomographic (CT) data sets of the chest for the detection of subsegmental pulmonary emboli. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-detector row spiral CT protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was used that consisted of scanning the entire chest with 1-mm collimation within one breath hold. In 17 patients with central pulmonary embolism, the raw data were used to perform reconstructions with 1-mm, 2-mm, and 3-mm section thicknesses. For each set of images, each subsegmental artery was independently graded by three radiologists as open, containing emboli, or indeterminate. RESULTS: For the rate of detection of emboli in subsegmental pulmonary arteries, use of the 1-mm section width yielded an average increase of 40% when compared with the use of 3-mm-thick sections (P <.001) and of 14% when compared with the use of 2-mm-thick sections (P =.001). With the use of 1-mm sections versus 3-mm sections, the number of indeterminate cases decreased by 70% (P =.001). Interrater agreement was substantially better with the use of 1-mm and 2-mm sections than with the use of 3-mm sections. CONCLUSION: For the diagnosis of subsegmental pulmonary emboli at multi-detector row CT, the use of 1-mm section widths results in substantially higher detection rates and greater agreement between different readers than the use of thicker sections.     

64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影在肺动脉栓塞诊断中的应用

目的 探讨64层螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CT pulmonary angiography,CTPA)对肺动脉栓塞(pulmonary embolism,PE)的诊断价值.方法 回顾分析24例肺动脉栓塞患者的64层螺旋CT增强图像,将原始图像复制到EBW4.0工作站,对肺动脉主干及分支进行多平面重建(MPR),最大密度投影(MIP)及容积重建(VR)分析.结果 24例患者中,共检出了76处肺动脉及其分支的栓子.其中,左、右肺动脉主干14处(右主干10处、左主干4处),肺叶动脉24处,肺段动脉26处,亚肺段动脉12处.CT表现为肺动脉主干或分支内混合性、附壁性、中心性充盈缺损,可分为完全性或部分性.结论 64层CTPA具有准确、高效、无创等优点,可直观、立体地观察到肺动脉血栓的大小、分布、范围及类型,是临床诊断及观察疗效的首选方法,有望成为肺动脉栓塞检查的“金标准”.     

螺旋CT肺动脉造影对肺栓塞的诊断

目的：评价螺旋CT及其肺动脉造影诊断肺动脉栓塞（PE）的价值。方法：回顾性分析12例PE患,均行螺旋CT容积扫描,并在工作站进行图像后处理,获得肺动脉多平面重建图像及三维立体图像。结果：对12例196支肺动脉分支进行分析,受累率为46.4%;栓子发生在主肺动脉、左右肺动脉干及叶段肺动脉。多平面重建图像上表现为充盈对比剂血管内有充盈缺损区,或其远侧方无对比剂充填区。肺动脉成像示,主干血管内可见充盈缺损影,或呈截断状影;叶栓塞或段栓塞亦呈突然“截断状”,其远侧方肺动脉分支不显影或呈纤维状。结论：螺旋CT肺动脉造影不仅可以获得轴位图像,而且可以获得立体图像,可多轴向旋转观察PE部位,是诊断叶或段以上PE可靠而直观的检查方法。     

多层螺旋CT肺血管造影对肺栓塞解剖分布及形态的评价

目的 评价肺栓塞（PE）在多层螺旋CT肺血管造影（CTPA）上的解剖位置分布及形态特点. 资料与方法 75例PE患者作CTPA,由两名有经验的放射科医师阅片,根据血栓在最大肺血管分支内的位置分为5型：肺动脉干型、左或右肺动脉型、肺叶动脉型、肺段动脉型和肺亚段动脉型;同时观察血栓在血管内的形态. 结果 75例PE中,肺动脉干型6例（8%）,左或右肺动脉型12例（16%）,肺叶动脉型28例（37.3%）,肺段动脉型19例（25.3%）和肺亚段动脉型10例（13.3%）.PE形态为：中央型51例（68%）,附壁型7例（9.3%）,闭塞型17例（22.7%）. 结论 CTPA可准确、清晰地显示PE的解剖位置分布及形态,能提高小PE的检出率,为临床治疗方案的选择提供依据.     

Pulmonary embolism: optimization of small pulmonary artery visualization at multi-detector row CT

PURPOSE: To compare the frequency of well-visualized pulmonary arteries according to anatomic level by using different collimation with single- and multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) in patients suspected of having acute pulmonary embolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients were examined with one of three techniques (20 patients each). Group 1 was examined with single-detector row CT with 3-mm collimation and 1.3-1.6 pitch; groups 2 and 3, with multi-detector row CT with 2.5- and 1.25-mm collimation, respectively. Three thoracic radiologists independently reviewed examination findings to determine if each main, lobar, segmental, and subsegmental artery was well visualized for presence of pulmonary embolism. chi2 tests were performed. For well-visualized vessels, the presence and/or absence of pulmonary embolism was recorded and kappa statistic was determined. RESULTS: Reader 1 scored 95% (114 of 120), 96% (115 of 120), and 99% (119 of 120) of lobar arteries (P >.05); 76% (304 of 400), 86% (346 of 400), and 91% (363 of 400) of segmental arteries (P <.001); and 37% (300 of 800), 56% (448 of 800), and 76% (608 of 800) of subsegmental arteries as well visualized (P <.001) using techniques 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Reader 2 scored 97% (116 of 120), 95% (114 of 120), and 99% (119 of 120) of lobar arteries (P >.05); 77% (308 of 400), 87% (349 of 400), and 93% (371 of 400) of segmental arteries (P <.001); and 39% (310 of 800), 53% (422 of 800), and 78% (621 of 800) of subsegmental arteries (P <.001) as well visualized using techniques 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Reader 3 scored 86% (103 of 120), 82% (98 of 120), and 91% (109 of 120) of lobar arteries (P >.05); 63% (252 of 400), 70% (280 of 400), and 85% (339 of 400) of segmental arteries (P <.001); and 39% (310 of 800), 56% (451 of 800), and 71% (572 of 800) of subsegmental arteries (P <.001) as well visualized using techniques 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Sixteen patients had pulmonary embolism. Interobserver agreement for detection of pulmonary embolism was significantly better for segmental and subsegmental arteries for all readers with technique 3 (segmental, kappa = 0.79-0.80; subsegmental, kappa = 0.71-0.76) than that with technique 1 (segmental, kappa = 0.47-0.75; subsegmental, kappa = 0.28-0.54). CONCLUSION: Multi-detector row CT at 1.25-mm collimation significantly improves visualization of segmental and subsegmental arteries and interobserver agreement in detection of pulmonary embolism.     

螺旋CT肺动脉与下肢静脉联合成像对静脉血栓栓塞症的诊断价值

目的评价螺旋CT肺动脉与下肢深静脉联合成像技术（CTVPA）对静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）的诊断价值。方法对临床拟诊为肺栓塞（PE）的46例患者行CTVPA成像，先行肺动脉CT成像，后行下肢深静脉扫描，深静脉CT扫描范围从胭静脉至双肾静脉水平。结果46例患者中，CTVPA显示PE患者37例，下肢深静脉血栓（DVT）34例，两者同时存在者30例。37例PE均为多发肺动脉栓子，共累及动脉189支，其中，左右肺动脉主干栓子2．6％（5／189）支，叶动脉30．2％（57／189）支，段动脉50．2％（95／189）支。亚段及亚亚段肺动脉16．9％（32／189）支。34例DVT患者中，左侧20例，右侧12例，盆腔内静脉血栓2例。CTVPA成像检出率较CTPA高10．8％（4/37）。结论16层螺旋CT CTVPA可实现“一站式”检查，对评价肺动脉与下肢深静脉血栓栓塞性疾病有较高的敏感性与特异性。     

Detection of pulmonary embolism using 16-slice multidetector-row computed tomography: evaluation of different image reconstruction parameters

OBJECTIVE: To compare different image reconstruction parameters for detecting emboli of the pulmonary arteries according to anatomic levels using 16-slice multidetector-row computed tomography in patients suspected of having an acute pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS: Sixty-two patients (33 male and 29 female) with a clinically suspected acute PE were included in the present study. Multidetector-row computed tomography scans were performed using 16-mmx0.75-mm collimation. Based on the computed tomography data set, different image reconstruction parameters were used for each patient: axial slice thicknesses (STs) of 0.75, 2, 4, and 6 mm; axial maximum intensity projection (MIP) STs of 4 mm; and coronal STs of 2 and 4 mm. In joint reading fashion, 2 experienced radiologists reviewed examination findings regarding the presence and/or absence of a PE. The reference standard for visualization and detection of PEs was defined using the axial images with a 0.75-mm ST. RESULTS: In 23 of 62 patients, a PE was diagnosed. For main and lobar pulmonary arteries, the sensitivities and specificities were as follows: axial 2-mm images, 1.0/1.0; axial 4-mm images, 1.0/1.0; axial 6-mm images, 0.97/0.99; MIP 4-mm images, 0.95/0.99; coronal 2-mm images, 1.0/1.0; and coronal 4-mm images, 1.0/1.0. Regarding segmental and subsegmental pulmonary arteries, sensitivity and specificity varied: axial 2-mm images, 0.97/1.0; axial 4-mm images, 0.81/0.99; axial 6-mm images, 0.65/0.99; axial MIP 4-mm images, 0.63/0.99; coronal 2-mm images, 0.91/0.99; and coronal 4-mm images, 0.74/0.99. CONCLUSIONS: In detecting segmental and subsegmental PEs, only the axial images with an ST of 2 mm proved to have results comparable with the axial 0.75-mm images. Therefore, thin-slice collimation and ST are mandatory for visualization of segmental and subsegmental PEs in patients suspected of having an acute PE.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像在肺动脉栓塞中的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT血管成像在诊断肺动脉栓塞中的价值。方法:回顾性分析19例临床确诊为肺动脉栓塞的64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像资料,并用最大密度投影(MIP)、多平面重组(MPR)、容积再现(VR)等方法显示肺动脉。结果:19例患者中,其中左右肺动脉栓塞有8支,叶肺动脉栓塞27支,段及亚段肺动脉栓塞56支。偏心型41支,闭塞型38支,中央型8支,附壁环形型4支。结论:64层螺旋CT肺动脉成像可作为肺动脉栓塞诊断的首选方法。