胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素-17在慢性萎缩性胃炎中的表达及其与幽门螺杆菌感染相关性分析

目的:探讨胃蛋白酶原(PG)、胃泌素-17(G-17)水平在慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)患者中的表达及患者血清PGⅠ、G-17水平和PGⅠ/PGⅡ值与幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染的相关性。方法:选择经胃镜检查、组织病理学活检确诊的非萎缩性胃炎患者34例和CAG患者86例分别作为非萎缩组和观察组,并从同期健康体检者中招募43例作为对照组。测定三组受试者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和G-17水平,计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ值;同时测定观察组患者Hp感染情况。分析三组受试者血清PGⅠ和G-17水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ值,胃窦、胃体、全胃不同胃黏膜萎缩病变程度与各指标相关性,各血清指标与HP感染相关性。结果:三组受试者血清PGⅠ、G-17水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ值间比较差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间两两比较,与对照组比,非萎缩组及观察组患者血清PGⅠ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ值均明显下降,而G-17水平明显升高(P<0.05);与非萎缩组比,观察组PGⅠ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ值亦明显下降,G-17水平明显升高(P<0.05)。随萎缩病变严重程度加重,胃窦、胃体及全胃胃黏膜发生萎缩的CAG患者血清PGⅠ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ值呈现明显下降趋势(P<0.05);胃窦病变患者G-17水平随病情加重呈明显下降趋势(P<0.05);而胃体及全胃病变患者G-17水平则随病情加重呈明显上升趋势(P<0.05)。与HP(-)比,HP(+)者血清PGⅠ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ值均明显降低,G17水平明显升高(P<0.05)。结论:PG及G-17水平均可用于CAG筛查及患者胃黏膜萎缩病变程度的预测指标,尤其是HP+病例,PG及G-17优先检测对CAG早期筛查及病情判断具有重要意义。     

血清胃蛋白酶原和幽门螺杆菌抗体检测在胃癌早期筛查中的应用价值

目的探讨血清中胃蛋白酶原(PG)和幽门螺杆菌(HP)Ig G抗体检测在胃癌早期筛查中的价值。方法选取2011年6月至2014年6月在宜宾市第二人民医院住院治疗的早期胃癌患者72例(胃癌组),并选择同期体检健康者72例作为对照组。采用乳胶增强免疫比浊法检测血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平,酶联免疫吸附试验检测HP Ig G抗体的表达,比较2组受试者血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ、HP Ig G抗体阳性率,并对HP Ig G抗体阳性者(HP抗体阳性组)与HP Ig G抗体阴性者(HP抗体阴性组)血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ进行比较。结果胃癌组患者血清PGⅠ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但胃癌组患者血清PGⅡ水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。胃癌组和对照组血清HP Ig G抗体阳性率分别为81.94%(59/72)和22.22%(16/72),胃癌组患者血清HP Ig G抗体阳性率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。HP抗体阳性组血清PGⅠ水平及PGⅠ/PGⅡ显著低于HP抗体阴性组(P<0.05),但HP抗体阳性组血清PGⅡ水平显著高于HP抗体阴性组(P<0.05)。结论检测血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ及HP Ig G抗体表达水平有助于胃癌的早期筛查。     

胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ水平与幽门螺杆菌感染相关性胃病的关系

目的探讨胃蛋白酶原(PG)Ⅰ、Ⅱ水平与幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染相关性胃病的关系。方法选取2014年6月至2015年6月遂宁市中心医院消化内科收治的胃癌患者40例(胃癌组)、萎缩性胃炎45例(萎缩性胃炎组),慢性胃炎45例(慢性胃炎组)和同时期就诊健康人群40例(正常对照组),应用时间分辨荧光免疫法测定血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平,应用快速尿激酶法测定各组Hp感染情况,分析PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平与Hp感染的关系。结果慢性胃炎组、萎缩性胃炎组及胃癌组Hp阳性率显著高于对照组[62.22%(28/45)、66.67%(30/45)、70.00%(28/40)比17.50%(7/40),P<0.05],而胃癌组、慢性胃炎组及萎缩性胃炎组Hp阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性胃炎组、萎缩性胃炎组及胃癌组血清PGⅠ[(91.17±12.85)、(86.68±11.02)、(82.49±9.96)μg/L比(99.36±15.36)μg/L]、PGⅠ/PGⅡ[(5.92±1.78)、(5.67±0.85)、(5.38±0.78)μg/L比(14.48±2.63)μg/L]水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组、慢性胃炎组、萎缩性胃炎组及胃癌组Hp(+)者血清PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平显著低于Hp(-)者(P<0.05),而各组Hp(+)者血清PGⅡ水平与Hp(-)比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。胃癌组Hp(+)者血清PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平低于慢性胃炎组、萎缩性胃炎及对照组(P<0.05)。萎缩性胃炎Hp(+)者血清PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平低于慢性胃炎组及对照组(P<0.05),慢性胃炎Hp(+)者血清PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ水平低于对照组(P<0.05),两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Hp感染与PG水平有密切的关系,血清PG水平可作为Hp阳性胃病患者癌前病变患者筛查指标,有助于早期胃癌诊断。     

胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ和胃泌素-17在不同胃黏膜疾病患者血清中的表达水平及意义

目的:检测胃蛋白酶原(PG)和胃泌素-17在不同胃黏膜疾病患者血清中的表达水平及意义。方法:选取2014年10月-2015年10月来我院就诊的150例不同胃黏膜疾病患者作为观察对象,分别为慢性萎缩性胃炎组、胃溃疡组和胃癌组,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法测定不同胃黏膜疾病患者血清中血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ和G-17水平,并计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值(PGR),对其进行统计学分析。结果:通过血清检测和幽门螺杆菌(HP)感染检测的结果进行分析,发现三组的PGR水平均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。慢性萎缩性胃炎组和胃癌组的PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平比胃溃疡组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);胃癌组的G-17水平比胃溃疡组和萎缩性胃炎高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);萎缩性胃炎组的G-17水平比胃溃疡组低,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:血清学检测胃蛋白酶原Ⅰ、Ⅱ和胃泌素-17水平的变化与不同胃黏膜有密切关联,可以作为胃癌和慢性萎缩性胃炎胃部疾病的诊断和筛查标准。     

血清PG检测在胃癌早期筛查及术后监测中的应用

目的探讨血清胃蛋白酶原及亚群(PGⅠ、PGⅡ)与胃癌患者早期诊断及术后复发的关系。方法采用放射免疫分析法分别检测胃癌患者、术后患者及正常对照组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果与正常对照组相比,胃癌患者血清PGⅠ含量及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值明显偏低(P<0.01);胃癌全胃切除术组与胃癌组相比血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量明显偏低(P<0.01);胃癌术后复发组与无复发组相比PGⅠ、PGⅡ均明显升高(P<0.05)。结论监测血清PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值及PGⅠ含量的变化对早期胃癌筛查有一定的指导意义,也可用于胃癌术后复发的监测。     

不同胃疾病患者血清胃蛋白酶原亚群的变化

目的 探讨不同胃疾病患者胃黏膜病理改变过程中,血清胃蛋白酶原(PC)Ⅰ和Ⅱ的变化规律.方法 选择已行常规胃镜检查和病理活检确诊的245例患者.其中非萎缩性胃炎53例,慢性萎缩性胃炎20例,胃溃疡36例,十二指肠溃疡31例,进展期胃癌69例,早期胃癌13例,胃癌术后23例,并设正常对照组36例,用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定其血清PGⅠ及PGⅡ,并计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ的比值(PGK).结果 与正常对照组比较,早期胃癌和进展期胃癌患者血清PG Ⅰ和PG Ⅰ/Ⅱ比值均显著降低(P<0.005),胃溃疡患者血清PGⅠ升高(P<0.05),十二指肠溃疡患者血清PG Ⅰ和PGⅡ升高,PGI/PGⅡ比值升高(P<0.05);进展期胃癌血清PG Ⅰ、早期与进展期胃癌PGR均显著低于萎缩性胃炎组(P<0.001).胃癌组中以PG Ⅰ≤70μg/L和PGR≤6作为阳性指标,同时符合这两项的确诊率为62.1%,特异性为94.2%.结论 血清PG Ⅰ、PG Ⅱ含量的变化及PGR值与胃黏膜病变有关,血清PG Ⅰ和PG Ⅰ/PGⅡ比值的降低,是胃癌发生的危险因素,可以作为人群筛查和辅助诊断胃癌的一项血清学指标.     

血清胃蛋白酶原亚群的检测对胃部疾病诊断的价值

目的:探讨血清胃蛋白酶原(Pesinogen,PG)亚群PGⅠ、PGⅡ含量与胃部疾病的关系。方法:选择不同胃部疾病患者108例,以48例健康者对照组进行比较。采用放射免疫法检测血清PGⅠ和PGⅡ的含量,并计算PGⅠ/PGⅡ的比值。结果:慢性萎缩性胃炎组胃癌患者血清PGⅠ含量及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01);胃溃疡和十二指肠溃疡组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ显著高于健康对照组(P<0.01),而PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值显著低于健康对照组(P<0.01);糜烂性胃炎组血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值和健康对照组均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值的检测为常规血清学诊断指标,对胃癌等胃部疾病的早期诊断具有临床参照价值。     

胃蛋白酶原联合智能染色内镜诊断早期胃癌的临床研究

目的:观察和分析胃蛋白酶原(PG)联合智能染色内镜(i-San)诊断早期胃癌的临床价值。方法:选取258例老年胃黏膜病变患者作为病例组,选取50例健康人作为对照组,对两组研究对象的血清PGⅠ水平、血清PGⅡ水平及血清PGⅠ/PGⅡ值进行观察和比较;对病例组患者进行i-Scan检查。结果:病例组患者的血清PGⅠ水平和血清PGⅠ/PGⅡ值均显著低于对照组而血清PGⅡ水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);早期胃癌组(EGC组)、进展期胃癌组(AGC组)患者的血清PGⅠ水平显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);浅表性胃炎组(CSG组)、EGC组、AGC组、胃溃疡组(GU)组患者的血清PGⅡ水平显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),EGC组、AGC组患者的血清PGⅠ/PGⅡ值显著低于其它各组(P<0.05);单独应用血清PG检测与iScan检查的敏感度差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.343,P>0.05),而联合检测的敏感度显著高于两种单独检测(χ2=11.733、5.779,P<0.05)。结论:血清PG水平的变化可提示胃黏膜病变的进展和胃癌的发生,血清PG检测可作为早期胃癌的辅助诊断手段,与i-Scan检查联合时,可提高针对早期胃癌的诊断敏感度。     

胃蛋白酶原亚群测定对胃癌早期诊断的研究

目的 研究血清胃蛋白酶原亚群含量变化与胃癌的发生及复发的关系,探讨血清PGⅠ、PGⅡ作为胃癌早期诊断及术后复发标志物的可能性.方法 应用放射免疫分析方法,测定消化性溃疡、慢性委缩性胃炎、胃癌及胃癌术后患者血清胃蛋白酶原亚群的含量及PGⅠ/PGⅡ比值的变化与正常对照组比较,并进行统计学分析.结果 消化性溃疡患者PGⅡ极明显升高(P<0.01);慢性萎缩性胃炎患者PGⅠ水平有所下降(P<0.05);胃癌患者PGⅠ、PGⅠ/PGⅡ极明显下降(P<0.01),胃癌术后及术后无复发患者PGⅠ、PGⅡ水平也都极明显下降(P<0.01),而术后复发患者与胃癌术后患者相比较,PGⅠ,.PGⅡ水平都极明显升高(P<0.01).以PGⅠ<35ng/mL或PGⅠ/PGⅡ<1.5ng/mL为阳性指标,其确诊率和特异性分别为72.5%和82.3%.结论 血清胃蛋白酶原亚群数值及比值下降,与胃癌发生与复发密切相关,对胃癌的早期诊断及胃癌术后的随访具有重要的临床意义.     

体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染与血清胃蛋白酶原的关系研究

目的:通过筛查体检人群幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染情况,并检测其血清胃蛋白酶原(PG)的含量,探讨Hp感染与血清PG的关系。方法:选取2013年4月~2014年6月间在江苏省人民医院体检的735名受检者,采用HG-IRIS13C红外光谱仪测定Hp感染情况,时间分辨荧光免疫法(TRFIA)检测血清中PG I和PGⅡ水平。结果:血清PG I水平异常组(高于正常组、低于正常组)的Hp阳性率明显高于PG I水平正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);血清PG II水平高于正常组的Hp阳性率明显高于PG II水平正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PG I/II比值低于正常组的Hp阳性率明显高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Hp阳性组的血清PG I、PG II水平显著高于阴性组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),PG I/Ⅱ比值则显著低于阴性组(P<0.05)。Hp感染与血清PG I、PG II水平呈正相关,与血清PGI/II比值呈负相关。结论:血清PG水平的变化与Hp感染相关。血清PGI、PGII水平升高,PG I/PG II比值下降提示HP感染的可能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.