新疆地区汉、维两民族口腔扁平苔藓患者HLA Ⅱ-DRB1等位基因的检测与比较

目的:对新疆地区汉、维两民族口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)患者的人类白细胞抗原HLAⅡ-DRBI等位基因进行检测与分析.方法:采用聚合酶链反应一序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)技术,对34例汉族、14例维吾尔族OLP患者和123例汉族、42例维吾尔族正常对照进行HLA Ⅱ-DRBl等位基岗表现频率的检测,采用SPSS16.0软件包对两组间等位基岗频率进行X2检验和Fisher确切概率检验.结果:汉族OLP组HLA Ⅱ-DRB1*11等位基阒表现频率(23.53%)高于正常对照组(9.76%),HLAⅡ-DRBI*12等位基因表现频率(5.88%)低于止常对照组(22.76%),P＜0.05.维吾尔族OLP组HLAU-DRBI*14等位基因表现频率(50.00%)显著高于正常对旦{{组(9.52%),P＜0.05:结论:HLA11-DRBI*11等位基因可能与新疆地区汉族人群OLP患者易感性相关:HLA Ⅱ-DRBI*12等位基因可能是新疆汉族OLP患者的保护基因:HLAⅡ-DRBI*14等位基因可能与新疆地区维吾尔族OLP患者易感性有关.     

口腔健康促进活动对儿童口腔保健行为及知识的影响

目的评价口腔健康促进活动对儿童口腔保健行为与知识的影响,为口腔健康教育工作提供依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,内容包括口腔保健行为、知识,采用普查的方法对参加广西医科大学附属口腔医院组织的“爱牙”杯钢琴赛和口腔健康促进活动的354名6～12岁儿童进行问卷调查,获取其口腔健康促进活动前、后口腔保健行为与知识知晓情况,分为“好”、“一般”和“差”3个等级,并进行统计学分析。结果354名儿童在口腔健康促进活动前,口腔保健行为知晓达到“好”者18名（5．08％）,“差“者207名（58．47％）;口腔保健知识知晓达到“好”者137名（38．70％）,“差”者128名（36．16％）。口腔健康促进活动后,口腔保健行为与知识知晓达到“好”者分别为303名（85．59％）、332名（93．79％）。口腔保健行为、知识知晓在活动前后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。结论口腔健康促进活动对儿童掌握正确的口腔保健行为与口腔保健知识有较明显的促进作用。     

家庭访视对糖尿病患者口腔健康知识与行为的影响

目的探讨家庭访视对糖尿病合并牙周病变患者口腔健康行为的影响。方法 60例牙周病变的糖尿病患者按抛硬币分组法分为研究组32例和对照组28例,研究组实施为期6个月的家庭访视干预,定期上门跟踪服务,指导口腔保健,对照组患者不给予任何形式的口腔保健行为指导。采用糖尿病患者口腔保健知识与行为调查和血糖水平(空腹和餐后2 h测定)进行效果评定。结果干预前,两组患者口腔保健知识与行为状况和血糖水平无明显差异(P>0.05),干预后,研究组患者口腔保健知识与行为状况和血糖水平测评明显好于对照组(P<0.05)。结论家庭访视能够提高糖尿病患者口腔保健知识与行为技能水平,对减少糖尿病患者牙周病变的发生,稳定血糖水平有积极的作用。     

健康教育提高老年患者对牙周病认知与行为的影响

目的：了解老年患者对牙周病变及其预防知识的认知情况,探讨实施健康教育对提高老年患者口腔保健知识与行为的影响。方法：采用调查问卷方法了解200例老年患者对牙周病变及其预防知识的认知,在实施健康教育前后评价患者口腔保健知识与行为的变化。结果：教育前多数患者对牙周病认识不足,58%的患者从未进行牙周洁治,对牙周洁治的正确认识率较低,健康教育后患者的口腔保健知识与行为发生了明显改变（p〈0.05）,90%以上的患者养成了良好的口腔保健行为。结论：健康教育提高了老年患者对牙周病的认知,对牙周病的防治起到了促进作用。     

261例口腔科患者口腔保健行为的调查分析

目的 了解口腔科患者的口腔健康知识水平和行为的现状。方法 自设问卷对261例口腔内科就诊患者的口腔保健知识、行为、态度进行调查。结果 85．4％的人每天至少刷两次牙，32．6％的人选用含氟牙膏；多数患者的口腔保健行为和对口腔保健知识的知晓情况较好。结论 患者对牙科服务的利用与他们对口腔健康的重视程度有关。     

论口腔预防保健的职业道德

现代医学模式的建立，对口腔预防保健提出了更高的职业道德要求。本文阐述了口腔预防保健职业道德的基本含义和作用，强调口腔预防保健职业道德的特点是它的社会性和群体性，提出口腔预防保健职业道德要求是：①对社会负责的精神，②为事业奉献的精神，③做工作认真负责的精神，④团结协作的精神。     

牙周病的家庭护理

牙周病治疗要想成功,一方面要有详尽的、多样化、个性化的治疗计划和医生精湛、细致的治疗技术,另一方面需要患者的认真配合和持之以恒的良好的家庭口腔卫生护理,二者缺一不可.     

口腔疾病患者口腔保健行为调查与健康教育

目的 了解口腔疾病患者口腔保健行为情况,针对性开展口腔健康指导。方法 采用问卷法调查500名口腔科门诊病人,获得有关口腔自我保健行为的调查结果。结果 口腔保健行为中,竖刷法刷牙方式的正确率较低,仅为30.2%,使用过牙线的仅占10.4%;42.4%的人接受过口腔卫生教育。结论 牙病患者自我口腔保健行为正确率偏低,健康教育、保健指导工作有待深入开展。     

正畸患者牙龈炎的口腔综合保健

目的 观察口腔综合保健对正畸患者牙龈炎的作用。方法 本文以４０名１１￣１８岁正畸患者为检测对象,观察带固定矫治器后的第二月,第四月及第六月时牙龈指数（ＧＩ）、龈沟出血指数（ＳＢＩ）、龈袋深度（ＧＤ）和菌斑指数（ＰＬＩ）的改变。实验组采用口腔综合保健措施。结果 实验组带固定矫治器后各观察时间ＧＩ、ＳＢＩ值均非常显著低于对照组;ＧＤ值在第四月、第六月时,实验组非常显著低于对照组。结论 口腔综合保健是一     

Survey of medical doctors' attitudes and knowledge of the association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes

Abstract: Objectives: The study was designed to assess the views and knowledge of healthcare providers in general medicine and other specialties on the association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. Material and Methods: Two hundred and fifty physicians practicing in northern Jordan hospitals and healthcare centers were asked to complete a questionnaire. Completed questionnaires with the answers were returned completed by 197 participants (response rate was 79%). Results: The majority of the physicians (81%) agreed that pregnancy increases the tendency to have gingival inflammation. However, 88% of doctors advised delay dental treatment until after pregnancy. Only half (54%) thought that tooth and gums problem can affect the outcomes of pregnancy. Moreover, approximately 50% agreed with the possible association between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. Altogether, 52% agreed with the statement ‘a tooth for a baby’ and 57% believed that calcium will be drawn by the developing baby. If asked to advise patient to visit dentist during pregnancy, 50% said they would do so. Moreover, the majority (68%) did not advise women planning to become pregnant to include a periodontal evaluation as part of their prenatal care. About 32% felt that periodontal disease can be treated safely during pregnancy with a procedure called scaling and root planning. Reading the information in a book, magazine or pamphlet was useful and reliable information about preterm births and periodontal disease. Physicians do not routinely advise their patient to seek dental care during pregnancy. General practitioners were less informed about oral health practices on pregnant women. Issues on training need to be addressed. A public health campaign is required to educate healthcare providers to encourage pregnant women on the need for a regular dental check‐up during and prior to attempting pregnancy. Conclusion: There is a need to educate healthcare personnel further about oral health and pregnancy outcomes.     

口源性口臭与牙周病的相关性

口源性口臭与牙周病之间存在密切关系,本文将从口源性口臭的病因、检测、主要成分挥发性硫化物对牙周组织的影响以及治疗等几方面进行综述。     

Impact of oral health on the life quality of periodontal patients

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of oral health on the life quality of a periodontal patient group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and five patients attending a private periodontal clinic completed a questionnaire incorporating the 16-item UK oral health-related quality-of-life measure (OHQoL-UK), a check list of questions about their periodontal health over the past year and a comprehensive periodontal examination. RESULTS: The effect of oral health on quality of life was considerable, with many individuals experiencing negative impacts across a broad range of physical, social and psychological aspects of life quality. OHQoL-UK(Copyright ) scores was associated with patient's self-reported periodontal health in the past year: experiences of "swollen gums" (p<0.01), "sore gums" (p<0.01), "receding gums" (p<0.01), "loose teeth" (p<0.01), "drifting teeth" (p<0.01), "bad breath" (p<0.01) and "toothache" (p<0.01). In addition, OHQoL-UK scores were correlated with the number of teeth with pocket depths of 5 mm or more (r(s)-0.42, p<0.01). New patients had poorer oral health-related quality of life compared with the treated maintenance group (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal status impacts on life quality. This has implications in understanding the consequences of periodontal health and in the use of patient-centred outcomes in periodontal research.     

Effectiveness of health care worker training on the oral health of elderly residents of nursing homes

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a staff training programme on mouth care on the oral health of elderly residents of long-term care institutions. METHODS: Seventy-eight residents of five long-stay institutions were enrolled and underwent a baseline oral health assessment. Staff caring for residents in three of the sites received intensive training in mouth care. This comprised lecture and video material complemented by clinical demonstrations. The oral health of residents at all five sites was reassessed at periods of 3 and 9 months. Staff caring for residents in the remaining two institutions were then provided with mouth care training and all patients were reassessed at 18 months. Statistical analyses were undertaken to examine for significant changes in selected oral health parameters after training, within each group. RESULTS: Oral mucosal disease and oral dryness were common at baseline. The staff training was well received. Following staff training, there was a significant reduction in the number of residents left to undertake their own oral care. There were significant improvements in denture hygiene and a reduction in the number of residents wearing dentures overnight. The prevalence of oral mucosal disease dropped, with significant reductions in angular cheilitis and denture stomatitis. CONCLUSION: This education programme was effective in changing oral health care procedures within long-stay institutions for the elderly, with measurable improvements in oral health of the residents.     

Dental care habits and knowledge of oral health in insulin-dependent diabetics

Abstract – The aim of this study was to investigate dental care habits and knowledge of oral health in age- and sex-matched adult long and short duration insulin-dependent diabetics and non-diabetics. Ninety-four long and 86 short duration diabetics and 86 non-diabetics, aged 20–70 years, participated in the study. All subjects answered a questionnaire with 38 questions about dental visits, attitudes to and knowledge of dental diseases, toothcleaning, dietary and smoking habits, and oral sensations. Among the diabetics there was a rather large group that did not visit a dentist annually. The diabetics also required more emergency dental care and were not as willing as the non-diabetics to spend time and money on their teeth. The compliance with dietary advice was poor among the diabetics. Oral discomfort such as prickling and burning sensations, metallic and bad taste was rare in both diabetics and non-diabetics. In the diabetics, however, a feeling of mouth dryness was common.     

Oral health knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of adults in China

OBJECTIVES: To describe oral health behaviour, illness behaviour, oral health knowledge and attitudes among 35-44 and 65-74-year-old Chinese; to analyse the oral health behaviour profile of the two age groups in relation to province and urbanisation, and to assess the relative effect of socio-behavioural risk factors on dental caries experience. METHODS: A total number of 4,398 35-44-year-olds and 4,399 65-74-year-olds were selected by multistage stratified cluster random sampling which involved 11 provinces in China. Data were collected by self-administered structured questionnaires and clinical examinations (WHO criteria). RESULTS: 32% of the 35-44-year-olds and 23% of the 65-74-year-olds brushed at least twice a day but only 5% used fluoridated toothpaste; 30% and 17% respectively performed 'Love-Teeth-Day' recommended methods of tooth brushing. A dental visit within the previous 12 months was reported by 25% of all participants and 6% had a dental check-up during the past two years. Nearly 15% of the subjects would visit a dentist if they experienced bleeding from gums; about 60% of the subjects paid no attention to signs of caries if there was no pain. Two thirds of the urban residents and one fifth of the rural participants had economic support for their dental treatment from a third party, either totally or partially. Significant variations in oral health practices were found according to urbanisation and province. At age 35-44 years 43% of participants had daily consumption of sweets against 28% at age 65-74 years. Dental caries experience was affected by urbanisation, gender, frequency, time spent on and method of tooth brushing. Knowledge of causes and prevention of dental diseases was low with somewhat negative attitudes to prevention observed. CONCLUSION: Systematic community-based oral health promotion should be strengthened and preventive-oriented oral health care systems are needed, including promotion of further self-care practices and the use of fluoridated toothpaste.     

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目的评价口腔卫生宣教和指导在老年人牙周治疗中的作用。方法选择2008年6月至2009年6月肇庆市第一人民医院口腔科轻、中度牙周病患者100例,随机分为试验组和对照组,各50例。在牙周治疗过程中对试验组患者进行口腔卫生宣教和指导。在初诊及之后1周、3个月、6个月、1年时分别检测两组患者的菌斑指数-QT改良法(PLI-QT)和牙龈指数(GI)。结果试验组与对照组初诊时的PLI和GI指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后两组PLI和GI指数差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。试验组治疗后1周至1年的PLI和GI指数均明显低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而对照组治疗后1周和3个月的PLI和GI指数虽与治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但治疗后6个月至1年指数逐渐增长至治疗前水平。结论在口腔医疗服务中增加口腔卫生宣教和指导的内容,把口腔健康教育贯穿于老年牙周患者治疗的全过程,有助于牙周治疗效果的维护。