心包内处理血管治疗中心型肺癌

目的:与心包外全肺切除疗效对比,探讨心包内处理血管治疗中心型肺癌的临床疗效及价值。方法:1997年3月至2004年3月,对76例中心型肺癌患者进行了全肺切除术,对其中34例无法在心包外行全肺切除的患者,行心包内处理肺、动静脉全肺切除术,占同期全肺切除的44.7%(34/76)。结果:经心包内处理血管的患者无手术死亡,无支气管胸膜瘘发生;切缘癌阳性2例(5.9%),术后出现心慌、气短症状及心律失常6例,发生率18%。术后1年生存率85%,3年生存率32%,5年生存率21%。同期经心包外行全肺切除者,发生支气管胸膜瘘1例,切缘癌阳性2例(4.8%),术后出现心慌、气短症状及心律失常8例,发生率19%。术后1年生存率87%,3年生存率29%,5年生存率20%。结论:与心包外全肺切除相比,心包内处理血管全肺切除术可提高肺癌的切除率,提高患者的生存质量,延长患者的生存时间,手术安全可靠,是外科治疗中心型肺癌的有效手段。     

双原发肺癌的诊断及外科治疗

目的 探讨双原发性肺癌的合理诊断及有效的外科治疗方法。方法 对34例双原发肺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 全组双原发肺癌共34例，占同期收治肺癌患者的1．2％。异时性22例，同时性12例。异时第二原发肺癌行肺叶切除，局部切除11例，探查1例，手术并发病发生率、手术死亡率及5年生存率分别为13．6％、4．6％和25．0％。同时双原发肺癌行肺叶及全肺切除各2例，其余均至少有1个肿瘤行局部切除，无手术并发症及手术死亡5年生存率14．3％。结论 双原发性肺 癌的诊断率较低，应加强术前检查、术后随诊及鉴别诊断。术式选择过于保守及淋巴结清扫不彻底，是患者预后不佳的主要原因，应引起重视。     

心包内处理肺血管肺切除术治疗肺癌130例疗效分析

目的:评价通过心包内血管处理行肺切除术治疗中晚期肺癌的临床疗效.方法:2006年4月-2011年4月在本院接受心包内血管处理肺切除术的130例中晚期肺癌患者,观察术后并发症和手术死亡率,并分析不同病理分型和TNM分期对生存的影响.结果:手术死亡率为0.77％ (1/130),术后并发症发生率为14.6％ (19/130).全组患者的1、3和5年生存率分别为75％、43％和20％.行肺叶切除患者的1、3和5年的生存率均高于全肺切除患者(P＜0.01).行心包内血管处理左肺全切术患者的1、3和5年的生存率要高于心包内右肺全切术后患者(P＜0.01).结论:通过心包内血管处理行肺切除术治疗中晚期肺癌可增加手术切除范围并提高手术切除率,改善患者的术后生存.     

余肺切除治疗肺癌临床分析

目的 探讨余肺切除治疗肺癌的手术适应症、手术技巧及预后。方法 32例肺癌行余肺切除，采用Kaplan-Meier法计算5年生存率，与同期165例标准全肺切除肺癌5年生存率比较（χ^2检验）。结果 全组无手术死亡病例，7例（21．9％）术后出现并发症，5年生存率为21．9％，与同期标准全肺切除肺癌25．7％的5年生存率比较无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。结论 余肺切除治疗肺癌的适应症包括复发性肺癌、二次原发肺癌及良性病变肺切除后原发肺癌。尽管余肺切除手术操作复杂，但其5年生存率可达到标准全肺切除的水平。     

袖式切除治疗82例肺癌患者的临床分析

背景与目的:支气管袖式切除和/或肺血管袖式切除在切除肿瘤的同时能最大限度地保留健康肺组织,为肺癌外科治疗提供了一种手术方式。本研究旨在探讨肺癌袖式切除的技术问题、手术结果、术后并发症及患者术后生存情况。方法:选择2001年6月至2006年12月,在浙江省肿瘤医院行袖式切除的82例中央型肺癌患者,其中23例同时行肺动脉血管袖式切除,2例单独行肺血管袖式切除。所有患者术中行系统淋巴结清扫。观察淋巴结清扫情况以及术后并发症的发生情况,用Kaplan-Meier法对患者的生存情况进行分析。结果:82例患者清扫9～57个淋巴结,平均20个,中位数19个。淋巴结N1转移49例,占59.8%;N2转移21例,占25.6%。2例(2.4%)患者在围手术期死亡,无支气管吻合口瘘发生。全组中位生存期26个月。1、2、3、5年生存率分别为78.4%、52.5%、39.1%、23.4%。男性和女性、<60岁与≥60岁患者的1、3、5年生存率均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。而N1(-)N2(-)、N1( )N2(-)、N2( )患者的1、3、5年生存率差异有显著性(P<0.01);Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、ⅢA期、ⅢB期患者的1、3、5年生存率差异也有显著性(P<0.01)。结论:肺癌袖式切除手术死亡率以及与吻合相关并发症发生率低,可在掌握适应证的情况下代替全肺切除。系统淋巴结清扫不增加手术并发症和死亡率。袖式切除术后患者的生存与淋巴结转移状况以及临床分期有关,而与性别、年龄无关。     

T1和T2中心型肺癌支气管切除范围的探讨

袖式肺叶切除治疗中心型肺癌,扩大了肺癌外科治疗指征,使心肺功能不全或不能耐受全肺切除的肺癌患者获得了手术切除癌肿的机会,术后远、近期效果均优于全肺切除术。但是,关于支气管切缘距肿瘤的长度问题存有争议,多数学者认为切缘应>1cm[1,2],可是支气管断端癌残留的发生率为28.4%[3],使根治术成为姑息切除。因此,我们对T1和T2中心型肺癌支气管切除范围进行探讨。1临床资料1.1一般资料1995年3月1日～2004年12月1日山东省胸科医院共行手术切除治疗原发性肺癌患者1879例,其中应用袖式肺叶切除术治疗中心型肺癌139例,约占同期肺癌切除术的7.4%…     

高龄肺癌患者围手术期治疗56例

[目的]探讨高龄肺癌患者围手术期的治疗策略。[方法]回顾性分析56例年龄为65岁以上的高龄肺癌患者行手术治疗的临床处理经验。[结果]全组病人术后出现并发症29例,其中心律失常18例,心功能不全5例,各类肺部并发症13例,死亡2例,死亡率3.57%。[结论]高龄肺癌患者年龄不是手术的禁忌证,术前积极评估病人情况,注意呼吸道准备及一般情况改善,严格选择手术病例及合适的手术切除范围,术后加强呼吸道管理,有效止痛、镇静,保护心脏功能等可有效降低手术并发症,取得满意治疗效果。     

32例双原发肺癌的临床分析

目的：探讨双原发肺癌的诊断及外科治疗手段、方法：对32例双原发肺癌患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析结果：全组32例，其中同时性16例，异时性16例，占同期外科治疗人数的1．13％。同时性双原发肺癌（sDPLC）行肺叶切除10倒．肺叶切除＋局部切除6例，异时性双原发肺癌（mDPLC）第一原发肺癌行手术治疗分别为肺叶切除14例．袖状切除2例。第二原发肺癌行手术治疗分别为肺叶切除13例，局部切除3例、sDPLC术后五年生存率为16．9％．mDPLC组以首发癌计算，五年生存率为62．9％，再发癌五年生存率为323％、组中行肺叶切除者与肺叶＋局部切除者5年生存率为分别为46．6％，25．0％，围手术期死亡率为3．12％结论：手术切除为多原发肺癌的主要治疗方法在保证肺功能的前提下．尽可能行肺叶切除，无论何种术式必须清扫淋巴结。     

双袖式切除术对中心型肺癌的疗效观察

目的探讨中心型肺癌双袖式切除术的疗效及安全性。方法采用随机数字表法,将95例中心肺癌患者分为两组,对照组行全肺切除,观察组行支气管肺动脉双袖式肺叶切除,比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血、并发症发生率、术后1年生存率、3年生存率及治疗有效率等指标。结果两组患者手术时间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05),观察组术中出血量明显少于对照组,术后并发症发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗总有效率为93.8%,明显高于对照组的85.1%,组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者术后1年生存率、3年生存率分别为86.7%和68.9%,均明显高于对照组的77.5%和47.5%(P<0.05)。结论支气管肺动脉双袖式肺叶切除治疗中心型肺癌,最大限度切除肺癌同时又最大限度保留肺功能,显著改善患者术后生活质量,提高生存率,应用前景广阔。     

全肺切除治疗肺癌56例报告

目的　总结 5 6例全肺切除治疗肺癌临床经验 ,探讨手术指征的掌握和围手术期及术中处理要点。方法　对 5 6例接受全肺切除肺癌病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果　术后并发症发生率 10 .71% (6 /5 6 )。术后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 80 .36 % (4 5 /5 6 )、39.0 2 % (16 /41)和 2 3.33% (7/30 ) ,其中已生存 9年和 13年者各 2例。结论　全肺切除并发症发生率较高 ,但如果围手术期及术中处理得当 ,术后酌情辅以放 /化疗 ,仍可收到较好效果。     

Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Synchronous Double Primary Lung Cancer： a Report of 31 Cases

OBJECTIVE The concept of double primary lung cancer （DPLC） has been generally accepted. Recently, an increasing incidence of synchronous DPLC has been reported, while the diagnostic standard and treatment strategies remain to be improved. This study was conducted to investigate effective surgical treatment and prognosis of synchronous DPLC. METHODS From January 1983 to April 2004, 31 patients with synchronous DPLC were operated in our department. Clinical data, such as surgical pattern, postoperative complications, and survival status, of all these patients were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS The 31 patients with synchronous DPLC accounted for 0.67% of all the 4,649 patients operated for primary lung cancer in our department during the same period. Both tumors of the synchronous DPLC were resected with Iobectomy or pneumonectomy in 12 patients, while among the other 19 patients at least 1 tumor was treated with partial pulmonary resection. The postoperative morbidity was 29%（9/31）, including 1 case of respiratory insufficiency, 3 cases of atelectasis, 2 cases of atrial fibrillation, 1 case of haemoptysis, 1 case of pleural effusion, and 1 case of wound fat necrosis. No deaths occurred during the operations or within 30 days postoperatively. The postoperative 1 -, 3-, and 5-year survival rates were 52%, 29%, and 20%, respectively. CONCLUSION The incidence of synchronous DPLC is low. An aggressive and reasonable surgical approach can achieve a satisfactory outcome in patients with synchronous DPLC. The postoperative morbidity is low. Some patients might achieve long-term survival.     

Postoperative morbidity,mortality, and survival in lung cancer associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

BACKGROUND: Although postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in patients with lung cancer have decreased with advances in perioperative management, those patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remain at a high risk of complication and death. The frequency of postoperative morbidity and mortality rates in patients with lung cancer who have IPF have seldom been reported, however. METHODS: A retrospective study of 711 patients with lung cancer who had undergone surgical resection was conducted. Medical records were retrospectively compared for factors that might affect postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with and without IPF. RESULTS: Of the 711 patients with lung cancer, 53 (7.5%) had IPF. The patients with IPF had pulmonary morbidity and mortality more frequently than those without IPF (26% versus 9.1%, P < 0.01; 8% versus 0.8%; P < 0.01). The 5-year survival was 43% among patients with IPF and 64.2% among those without IPF. Overall survival in patients with IPF was significantly lower than in those without IPF (P < 0.01), but disease-free survival was similar in the groups. Thirty-five percent of the deaths (8 of 23) were not related to lung cancer in those patients with IPF, compared with 18% (35 of 199) of the deaths among those without IPF (P = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Patients with IPF showed markedly higher postoperative pulmonary morbidity and mortality than those without IPF. The survival rate of patients with IPF was lower because of pulmonary complications. Careful preoperative evaluation and perioperative management are required to achieve optimal surgical outcome in patients with lung cancer who have IPF.     

Synchronous double primary lung cancer: a report of three cases

The incidence of synchronous multiple primary lung cancers is on the rise due to improvements in computed tomography (CT) scanning and increasing use of positron emission tomography scanning and other diagnostic modalities. We report three cases of synchronous double primary lung cancer (DPLC) diagnosed based on CT findings, results of bronchoscopy and histological study. All patients had a long-term history of heavy smoking. Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma were the most common histological types in these cases. DPLC frequently involves the upper lobes of left or right lung. Future molecular biological studies on DPLC should be warranted to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of DPLC and the role of targeted therapy in this condition.     

手术切除直径≤2 cm非小细胞肺癌的术后临床病理研究

目的:探讨手术切除直径≤2cm非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的临床病理特点。方法:选取2010年至2014年间治疗组共138例直径≤2 cm非小细胞肺癌的手术病例。通过临床病理资料及术后随访回顾性分析手术方式、淋巴结转移程度、组织病理类型等对术后生存的影响。结果:样本总体的5年生存率为71.7%。其中138例患者中共有24例（17.4%）发生淋巴结转移,无淋巴结转移的患者5年生存率为82.7%,而pN1和pN2患者的5年生存率分别为75.0%和48.1%,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。接受肺叶切除术的患者5年生存率明显高于接受肺段或肺部分切除的患者（P<0.05）。患者术后肿瘤分期Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的5年生存率分别为89.8%、77.8%和43.1%（P<0.05）。结论:直径≤2 cm的非小细胞肺癌患者的术后生存与手术方式、淋巴结转移程度及肿瘤分期密切相关,肿瘤的大小不应作为是否行系统性淋巴结清扫的依据。     

Surgical Treatment of Single Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

We analyzed the results of surgical treatment of 50 patients with brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent craniotomy between the years 1978 through 1983. The onset of brain metastases was synchronous in 14 patients, occurred within 1 year of treatment of the primary tumor in 21 patients, and after 1 year in 15 patients. A total of 28 patients had undergone curative resection of the lung tumor; 15 patients had undergone palliative resection with or without radioactive implants, and 7 patients did not undergo surgical treatment of their primary tumor. At time of craniotomy, 31 patients were considered to have disease limited to the central nervous system. Following surgery, 34 patients received radiation therapy (30 whole brain radiation, 4 focal radiation); 15 patients had previously undergone whole brain radiation (“radiation failures”), and there was 1 postoperative death. The overall median survival in this series was 18 months. Favorable prognostic variables included (a) curative resection of the primary tumor (median 28 months), (b) disease limited to the central nervous system (median 24 months), and (c) negative mediastinal nodes at time of thoracotomy (median 28 months). The incidence of local recurrence of intracranial tumor at the original site was higher in those patients who had failed previous radiation (53%) compared to those who received postoperative radiation (12%). Although the overall degree of neurological palliation was 75%, patients who had failed radiation were less successfully palliated, and the majority continued to require steroid therapy following tumor resection. These results suggest that patients with single brain metastases from non-small-cell lung cancer who have undergone curative resection of their primary tumor have considerable potential for long-term survival, and surgical resection prior to radiation should be considered. Even in symptomatic patients with controlled or limited extracranial disease, such treatment provides rapid effective neurological palliation and can be accomplished currently with minimal mortality and morbidity.     

Evaluation of the efficacy of intensive preoperative irradiation of patients with lung cancer

The study discusses the results of treatment in 118 radically operated lung cancer patients: surgery alone--66 and combined therapy including preoperative irradiation (4 Gy for 5 successive days, total focal dose--20 Gy)--52 cases. Radiation treatment did not significantly affect the patient's general condition, nor did it interfere with surgical procedure, increase operative blood loss or postoperative lethality. However, the postoperative complication rate was higher in the radiotherapy group (51.9 +/- 6.9%) than in the surgery alone group (39.4 +/- 6.0%) mainly due to increased incidence of cardiovascular disorders in patient older than 55 years of age suffering heart pathology. Radiation treatment assured a higher 5-year survival rate (32.0 +/- 9.2% as compared to 14.2 +/- 5.7%) in squamous-cell lung cancer. The beneficial effect of irradiation was most apparent in cases of central squamous-cell lung cancer with intact regional lymph nodes.     

15 years single center experience with surgical resection of the superior vena cava for non-small cell lung cancer

OBJECTIVES: To examine our results with surgery for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) invading the superior vena cava (SVC). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent resection between 1988 and 2003 was performed. Postoperative morbidity, long-term survival, including risk factors for overall and disease-free survival were examined. RESULTS: Median age of the 15 operated patients was 60 years (28-78). All had direct SVC invasion by tumor. All underwent mediastinoscopy. Seven patients with N2 disease, and one with a bulky right upper lobe tumor received induction therapy. Eight underwent lobectomy (three sleeve), and seven had pneumonectomy (two carinal). The SVC was replaced by interposition graft in nine patients, whereas six had partial resection. There were two postoperative deaths (14%) and three major morbidities (23%). There was one late graft thrombosis. Mean follow-up was 25 months (3-132, median 11). Overall 1 and 3-year survival was 68 and 57% and disease-free survival was 55 and 27%, respectively. All late deaths were due to recurrence. Survival of patients with N2 disease was not significantly worse than those with localized (N0/N1) nodal disease. There was a trend towards later recurrence in patients who had induction therapy (median disease-free interval of 29 months versus 5 months in the untreated group, P = 0.3), but there was no significant effect on overall survival. The extent of lung resection and type of SVC procedure did not influence long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Carefully selected patients with NSCLC and SVC involvement can be operated upon with acceptable postoperative morbidity and mortality. Induction therapy appears to delay recurrence.     

Clinical Experience of Lobectomy With Pulmonary Artery Reconstruction for Central Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

BackgroundIn patients with central lung cancer, lobectomy can be achieved without pneumonectomy by surgical reconstruction of the pulmonary artery (PA). Herein, we report our clinical experience of 34 patients who had lobectomy with PA reconstruction, including perioperative administration, morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival.Patients and MethodsThe clinical records of 34 patients who received lobectomy with PA reconstruction in our department between August 2003 and September 2005 were reviewed.ResultsIn our series, PA reconstruction with end-to-end anastomosis was performed in 18 patients (52.9%). Seven patients (20.6%) required partial PA reconstruction with autologous pericardium patch. Five patients (14.7%) with a lower lobe tumor required PA reconstruction with artery flap. The perioperative mortality was 2.9%, and 1 patient died on postoperative day 13 because of severe bronchopleural fistula. Another 2 patients had acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and required reintubation in our Intensive Care Unit. The overall Kaplan-Meier 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 46% and 37%, respectively. As compared with the stage III patients, stage I patients had significantly greater 5-year survival (80% vs. 11%; P = .005). Patients with pN0 disease also had greater 5-year survival than patients with pN2-3 disease (71% vs. 9%; P = .004).ConclusionIn our department, PA reconstruction has been more frequently and actively performed for patients with central lung cancer, especially for some patients with a lower lobe tumor. Although the morbidity and mortality is acceptable, surgeons should be more attentive to lethal postoperative complications such as ARDS induced by lung ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

30例双原发肺癌的临床及预后因素分析

背景与目的 多原发肺癌(multiple primary lung cancer, MPLC)是一种临床中较为少见的肺癌类型,双原发肺癌(double primary lung cancer, DPLC)是其中最常见的一种,近年来由于诊疗手段的进步检出率逐渐升高.本研究总结分析了30例DPLC患者的临床资料,以期为DPLC的诊疗提供理论依据.方法 回顾郑州大学附属肿瘤医院2010年1月-2015年12月收治的30例DPLC患者的临床资料,对临床特征及预后相关因素进行分析.结果 30例中,同时性双原发癌(synchronous DPLC, sDPLC)占3例(3/30, 10%),异时性双原发癌(metachro-nous DPLC, mDPLC)占27例(27/30, 90.0%).病灶好发于右肺上叶(20/60, 33.3%),病理类型以腺癌(25/60, 41.7%)为主,病理类型相同者(17/30, 56.7%)多于不同者(13/30, 43.3%),病理类型相同者以腺-腺(10/16, 62.5%)最常见.生存分析显示淋巴结转移(HR=4.349, 95%CI: 1.435-13.178, P=0.009)和重度吸烟史(HR=2.996, 95%CI: 1.089-8.240, P=0.034)是DPLC的不良预后因素.结论 DPLC好发于右肺上叶,病理类型以腺癌为主,早期诊断、积极的治疗和严格的戒烟策略有望改善其预后.