未行喉切除术及放化疗治疗的喉癌患者生存分析

目的 探讨未接受喉切除术及放化疗治疗喉癌患者的生存率及其预后因素.方法 回顾性分析167例未行喉切除术及放化疗治疗喉癌患者的临床资料,应用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,单因素分析组间比较采用Log-rank检验,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型.结果 167例患者总的生存时间为(16.0±1. 4)个月(-x±s),1年、2年生存率分别为56.4%、26.5%;确诊超过5年的病例(除失访者外)尚无一例生存超过5年.单因素分析显示不同的肿瘤生长部位、病理分级、T分期、N分期对生存率的影响差异有统计学意义(P值均＜0.05).而行气管切开术的喉癌患者生存率与未行气管切开术者相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).多因素分析显示不同T分期、N分期对生存率的影响差异有统计学意义(危险比分别为1.812和1.557,P值均＜0.05).结论 喉癌病程发展较快,在未针对肿瘤本身治疗的情况下,姑息性手术如气管切开术并不能提高生存率.影响喉癌预后的因素为肿瘤生长部位、病理分级、T分期、N分期和临床分期,其中相对独立预后危险因素为T分期和N分期.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the survival rate and prognostic factors of laryngeal carcinoma patients with no surgery,radiotherapy or chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and sixty-seven laryngeal carcinoma cases with no surgery,radiotherapy or chemotherapy were analyzed restrospectively.Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier product-limit method.With univariate analysis,comparisons among/between groups were performed using Log-rank test.Multivariate analysis was carried out using Cox proportional hazard model.Results Overall survival time was (16.0 ± 1.4) months (-x ± s),overall 1-and 2-year survival rates were 56.4％ and 26.5％,respectively.No patient survived over 5 years in these cases who had been diagnosed more than 5 years (except for those who lost).Univariate analysis showed that primary site,pathological grade,T-stage,N-stage and clinical stage were significant prognostic factors for the survival of the patients (P ＜ 0.05＝.The survival rates of laryngeal carcinoma whether with tracheotomy were no statistically significant (P＞0.05).Multivariate analysis showed survival rates statistically correlated with T stage and N stage (hazard ratio were 1.812 and 1.557,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The development of laryngeal carcinoma course was faster,without treatment to the tumor itself,even if palliative surgical such as tracheostomy would not improve the survival rate.In laryngeal carcinoma patients with no surgery,radiotherapy or chemotherapy,the factors affecting the survival rates include primary site,pathological grade,T-stage,N-stage and clinical stage,and of them,T-stage and Nstage are the independent prognostic factors.     

老龄喉癌患者手术治疗远期疗效分析

目的：探讨老龄喉癌患者手术疗效及预后因素。方法：≥65岁的喉癌患者110例中,行喉部分切除术62例,喉全切除环咽吻合术（Arslan术）8例,喉全切除术40例。53例联合放疗及化疗。结果：4例失访,5、10年生存率分别为66.6%和44.2%;5、10年无瘤生存率分别为57.0%和38.4%,中位生存期84个月。拔管率87.1%。单因素分析组织学分级、治疗模式、淋巴结转移、原发部位不同组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;肿瘤分期、手术方式、复发、性别不同组间生存分布的差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。多因素分析组织学分级及治疗模式对本组患者生存率影响较大,分化程度低及综合治疗者生存期短。结论：喉功能保全性手术是治疗老龄喉癌患者的有效方法;综合治疗者预后差,不适用于切缘阴性者。     

Analysis of prognostic factors for Tis-2N0M0 early glottic cancer with different treatment methods

IntroductionIn many regions, laryngeal carcinoma is a common upper respiratory tract cancer, most commonly involving the glottic region. The treatment of early glottic cancer includes radiotherapy, open surgery and laryngeal laser microsurgery. However, the preferred treatment for early glottic cancer is still controversial.ObjectivesTo study the factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of T_is-2N₀M₀ early glottis cancer and to demonstrate the oncological safety of different treatments.Methods144 patients with early glottic cancer were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were clinically node negative. 53 patients underwent open surgery, transoral CO₂ laser microsurgery in 46 cases and radiotherapy in 45 cases. The patients were followed up for 26 ? 84 months, with an average follow-up period of 62.9 months.ResultsThe 5-year overall survival was 82.6%. The 5 year survival rates of open surgery, laser microsurgery and radiotherapy were 83.0%, 82.6% and 82.2%, respectively. There was no significant difference in 5-year survival rate among the three treatments (p = 0.987). In multivariate analysis, age, T-stage, pathological grading, and anterior commissure involvement were important prognostic factors for early glottic cancer.ConclusionThere was no significant difference in 5 year survival rate among patients treated by either radiotherapy, laser microsurgery or open surgery for early glottic cancer. We urge more attention to the age, T-stage, pathological grade, and anterior commissure involvement of the patients.     

Does Induction Chemotherapy Still Have a Role in Larynx Preservation Strategies? The Experience of Institut Catala d'Oncologia in Stage III Larynx Carcinoma

BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin is the standard alternative to total laryngectomy for patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer. The value of induction chemotherapy in larynx-preservation therapies remains unknown. Hyperfractionation radiotherapy might improve disease-free survival. METHODS: From August 1993 to August 2004, 71 patients with T3N0-1 larynx tumors and eligible for total laryngectomy received induction chemotherapy with three cycles of cisplatin plus fluorouracil. Clinical tumor response was assessed by indirect laryngoscopy and computed tomography scan. Patients with complete response received hyperfractionation radiotherapy, whereas those without complete response were proposed for total laryngectomy. RESULTS: A total of 71 consecutive patients were included. Thirty-three patients achieved complete response to induction chemotherapy (46.5%), four of them presented a tumor relapse, and all underwent salvage surgery. Seventy-six percent of surviving patients preserved a functional larynx. Despite not achieving complete response, 15 patients refused total laryngectomy and received hyperfractionation radiotherapy. Seven patients presented a tumor relapse and salvage surgery was performed in three of them. Fifty percent of surviving patients preserved a functional larynx. Twenty-two patients without complete response underwent total laryngectomy; three of them presented a tumor relapse but none could be rescued. With a median follow up of 68 months, 5 five-year overall survival, 5-year disease-free survival, and 5-year larynx function preservation survival rates were 68% (confidence interval [CI], 57-80), 75% (CI, 64-87), and 42% (CI, 29-54), respectively. No differences in overall survival were observed between groups. Five-year disease-free survival of patients without complete response who received hyperfractionation radiotherapy was significantly lower than that of the other two groups (P < .02). Ten patients with larynx preservation and no tumor relapse had chronic toxicity that caused the loss of larynx function: seven patients required permanent tracheotomy, two died from pneumonia, and one patient died as a result of a laryngeal necrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with complete response to induction chemotherapy in laryngeal carcinoma have a high probability of cure after hyperfractionation radiotherapy. However, hyperfractionation radiotherapy induces a high degree of toxicity that reduces the laryngeal function preservation rate and may jeopardize overall survival.     

喉部分切除术后复发癌的外科挽救治疗

目的 分析喉部分切除术后喉复发癌的外科治疗方法、预后及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科77例喉部分切除患者术后喉复发癌再行外科挽救治疗的临床资料.其中51例行喉全切除术,26例行喉部分切除术,其中19例无放疗史者行手术加放疗的综合治疗.Kaplan-Meier法统计生存率,Cox多因素分析影...     

215例喉癌病人生存时间的影响因素分析

目的分析影响喉癌术后病人生存时间的临床因素。方法回顾本院1992~1997年215例喉癌切除术后病人的临床及随访资料,选择26项可能对喉癌切除术后病人生存时间产生影响的临床因素,包括11项临床病理因素及15项临床症状,应用Cox比例风险模型进行生存时间单因素及多因素分析。结果应用Cox比例风险模型多因素分析显示颈廓清、吸烟、体重下降(P<0.05)及T分期、N分期、病理分化、呼吸困难、颈部包块、声嘶(P<0.01)对喉癌术后生存时间影响有统计学意义。结论颈廓清、吸烟、T分期、N分期、病理分化等临床病理因素及呼吸困难、体重下降、颈部包块、声嘶等症状是与喉癌术后生存时间相关的临床因素,临床上联合应用可以力求使喉癌切除术后病人生存时间的判断更准确。     

保留喉功能喉咽癌手术治疗的临床资料分析

目的：评价喉咽癌保留喉功能及不保留喉功能手术临床疗效和影响预后的因素。方法：回顾性分析1974—092006—07收治的93例喉咽癌临床治疗效果。其中梨状窝癌57例,环后癌20例,喉咽后壁癌16例。保留喉功能手术53例,不保留喉功能手术40例。对喉咽癌切除手术患者的手术效果、并发症、生存率、修复材料和方法等进行分析。结果：采用Kaplan-Meier法行生存分析,生存曲线显示总的3、5年生存率分别为69．9％和43．0％,保留喉功能组和未保留喉功能组的3年生存率分别为73．6％和67．50．4,5年生存率分别为49．1％和32．5％,2组差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2．566,P〉0．05）。单因素分析显示生存率与T分期、术前颈淋巴结转移、病理分化程度有关（分别P〈0．05、P％0．01、P％0．01）。Cox回归模型分析显示T分期、病理分化程度是否行手术治疗是影响患者预后的独立因素。保留喉功能与不保留喉功能在肿瘤发生部位、并发症、肿瘤残留、肿瘤复发等相关因素比较差异无统计学意义。结论：喉咽癌保留喉功能手术不影响生存率,保留喉功能喉咽癌手术是可行的,提高了喉咽癌患者的生存率及生存质量并取得较满意的治疗效果。     

Oncological outcomes of surgical treatment for T3 supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients

Abstract

Background: T3 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is a common advanced laryngeal cancer.

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the clinical results of pathological T3 (pT3) supraglottic LC patients who were amenable to laryngectomy treated with primary surgery and postoperative therapy.

Methods: Retrospective review of 202 pT3 cases of supraglottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

Results: The five-year cancer specific survival (CSS) rate was 63.7% and the overall survival rate (OS) was 62.8%. For T3 supraglottic patients who underwent total laryngectomy, the five-year disease-free survival (DFS) was 51.8%, and the CSS was 62.5%. For patients who underwent partial laryngectomy, the five-year DFS was 72.2%, and the CSS was 79.0%. High lymph node and stage status are predictors of mortality for these patients. No difference was found in the DFS and CSS rates between patients with negative margins and those with positive margins following postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Conclusion: Surgical treatment of T3 supraglottic LC patients achieved satisfactory results. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy are an effective method of treatment for T3 supraglottic LC patients, especially for those with a positive margin.     

1115例喉癌患者的生存分析

目的 了解20世纪80～90年代外科治疗喉癌的远期效果，并且探讨影响预后的因素。方法 应用回顾性调查的方法，对1983～1996年间中国医科大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科1115例喉癌患者进行分析，统计患者的生存率和死亡原因。结果 生存5年以上者780例，死亡260例，失访75例，累积生存率曲线统计5年生存率为77％，其中Ⅰ期为94％、Ⅱ期为89％、Ⅲ期为82％、Ⅳ期为66％。不同分型的5年生存率由高到低的顺序是声门型、声门上型、声门下型、跨声门型。喉部分切除术患者的5年生存率为85％，而喉全切除术患者的5年生存率为68％。患者5年内死亡的主要原因是局部复发和转移(70％)，另有14％的死亡者没有弄清他们的死亡原因。结论 近20年我国喉癌治疗水平得到明显提高，早期诊断是提高喉功能保留手术比例和提高生存率的关键，患者5年内死亡的原因主要是局部复发和转移。     

The role of red cell distribution width in the locoregional recurrence of laryngeal cancer

IntroductionAlthough the red cell distribution width has been reported as a reliable predictor of prognosis in several types of cancer, to our knowledge few reports have focused on the prognostic value of red cell distribution width in laryngeal carcinoma.ObjectiveWe aimed to explore whether the pretreatment red cell distribution width predicted recurrence in laryngeal cancer patients is a simple, reproducible, and inexpensive prognostic biomarker.MethodsAll laryngeal cancer patients who underwent curative surgery (n = 132) over a 7 year study period were evaluated. Data on demographics, primary tumor site, T-stage, N-stage, histological features (differentiation; the presence of perineural/perivascular invasion), treatment group (total laryngectomy or partial laryngectomy) or adjuvant therapy (chemotherapy/radiotherapy); laboratory parameters (complete blood count, including the pre-operative red cell distribution width), and disease-free survival rates were retrospectively reviewed. All cases were divided into three groups by the red cell distribution width tertile [<13% (25th percentile) (n = 31), 13–14.4% (50th percentile) (n = 72), and >14.4% (75th percentile) (n = 29)].ResultsHigh-red cell distribution width group included more patients of advanced age, and more of those with recurrent and metastatic tumors (p = 0.005, 0.048, and 0.043, respectively). Individuals with red cell distribution width >14.4% (75th percentile) had lower disease free survival rates than did those with red cell distribution width <13% (25th percentile) (p = 0.014). Patients with red cell distribution width >14.4% at diagnosis were at a higher risk of locoregional recurrence (hazard ratio = 5.818, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.25–26.97; p = 0.024) than patients with a normal red cell distribution width (<13%).ConclusionWe found that the pretreatment red cell distribution width was independently prognostic of disease free survival rate in patients with laryngeal cancer and may serve as a new, accurate, and reproducible means of identifying early-stage laryngeal cancer patients with poorer prognoses.     

中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值和血小板淋巴细胞比值对调强放疗鼻咽癌患者的预后价值

目的 研究中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与血小板淋巴细胞比值(PLR)对鼻咽癌(NPC)调强放疗患者的预后价值。 方法 回顾性收集2012年6月至2014年1月期间就诊的120例调强放疗鼻咽癌患者的一般临床信息及淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数和生存资料。选择相关性分析、K-M生存分析和Cox多因素回归分析、探讨NLR、PLR与患者总生存时间(OS)、无进展生存时间(PFS)、无远处转移生存时间(DMFS)、局部无复发生存时间(LRF)的关系。 结果 患者5年OS、PFS、LRF和DFS分别为86.8%、78.3%、94.2%和85.3%,NLR与T期、N期、肿瘤期相关,PLR与T期、肿瘤期相关。NLR是OS、PFS、DMF的独立预后指标。 结论 NLR是调强放疗鼻咽癌患者的独立预后因素。     

喉垂直部分切除术36例疗效观察

目的探讨喉垂直部分切除术治疗喉癌的临床疗效。方法对2002年1月-2010年6月收治的36例声门型喉癌及跨声门型喉癌行喉垂直部分切除术患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中声门型30例,跨声门型6例。26例行喉垂直部分切除术,10例行喉扩大垂直部分切除术。8例同时行功能性颈廓清术,20例行择区颈廓清术,8例探查患侧Ⅱ、Ⅲ区淋巴结未予颈廓清术。8例（T2N1M0,T3N1M0）声门型喉癌术后6周联合放疗。结果随访满3年患者31例,死亡2例,失访5例;随访满5年患者28例,死亡3例,失访6例。3年生存率80.55%,5年生存率69.44%。结论喉垂直部分切除术是临床上治疗声门型喉癌的有效术式,但需要严格把握适应证。     

205例喉癌的手术方式与远期疗效分析

目的分析1990年以来喉癌手术治疗的方法及其远期疗效，以改进治疗并提高生存率。方法对1990年1月-2004年10月间手术治疗的205例病例进行临床随访、病历资料分析。其中声门上型52例，声门型149例，声门下型4例；按UICC 1997年分期标准Ⅰ期48例，Ⅱ期88例，Ⅲ期44例，Ⅳ期25例。行支撑喉镜下声带切除术1例，撕皮术2例，喉裂开声带切除术9例，未行气管切开的喉垂直部分切除术16例，喉垂直部分切除术25例，水平半喉切除术7例，Arslan（咽气管吻合）手术15例，环舌骨会套固定术（criicohyoidoepidottopexy，CHEP）57例，喉次全切除术16例，喉全切除术57例。结果205例仅4例失访，Kaplan—Meier法统计总的1年生存率96．0％，3年生存率84．8％，5年生存率为79．4％，其中声门上型1年生存率88．3％，3年为67．5％，5年为65．0％；声门型1年生存率99．3％，3年为91．3％，5年为84．7％，喉功能保存率72．7％。早期肿瘤（Ⅰ、Ⅱ期）与晚期肿瘤（Ⅲ、Ⅳ期）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），肿瘤不同发病部位（声门型、声门上型）患者之间生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论喉癌手术治疗效果好，喉功能保存率高，其预后与肿瘤分期、发病部位有关。提倡严格掌握手术指征，在保证手术安全边缘的情况下，制定个体化治疗方案，运用最优的手术切除和功能重建方法，综合治疗，提高生存质量。     

喉咽癌手术及综合治疗的临床资料分析

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preservation of laryngeal function for the patients with hypopharyngeal cancer. METHODS: Two hundred and ninety-three cases of hypopharyngeal cancer with surgical management were reviewed retrospectively, and 222 cases were originated from pyriform sinus, 13 from post-cricoid, and 21 from posterior pharyngeal wall. Radiotherapy (37 cases), operation only (56 cases) and the combined treatment (operation plus radiation or chemotherapy, 200 cases) were adopted. 159 cases were treated with function preserved laryngectomy and 97 with total laryngectomy. RESULTS: The 5 year survival rates of patient with laryngeal function preserved and no laryngeal function preserved were 51.3%, 47.6% (for stage III); 40.4%, 43.3% (for stage IV), respectively. There were no significant differences in 5-year survival between the functionally preserved group and no functioned group (P > 0.05). The analysis of survival rates revealed a significant difference between combined therapy and radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: There is no significant difference between the survive rates of function preserved and non-preserved groups. Conservation laryngectomy improves the quality of patient's life, and combined therapy is the best choice for hypopharyngeal cancer.     

How much does it cost to preserve a larynx?

Various studies report an increase in costs when induction chemotherapy is included in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer, but to our knowledge no studies have yet compared the economic costs of total laryngectomy versus induction chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer. We have conducted a retrospective study comparing the costs of treatment and survival in 96 patients with a T3N0-1 glottic carcinoma. Findings showed that the average cost per patient in the group of patients treated by total laryngectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy was 5,853 Eur, while that for the group of patients who began treatment with induction chemotherapy was 6,452 Eur. The adjusted 5-year survival for patients treated with total laryngectomy with or without postoperative radiotherapy was 80%, and 72% for patients who began treatment with induction chemotherapy. Sixteen of the 35 patients (46%) receiving induction chemotherapy were spared laryngectomy. The use of induction chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced laryngeal carcinomas involved an increase in cost of 600 Eur in relation to treatment with total laryngectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. However, from an economic point of view, we consider induction chemotherapy to be an important consideration in an organ-preservation strategy. Received: 2 December 1998 / Accepted: 17 May 1999     

声门下型喉鳞状细胞癌的临床探讨

目的 探讨声门下型喉鳞状细胞癌(简称鳞癌)的临床特点、淋巴转移规律、治疗模式及预后相关因素.方法 回顾性分析中国医学科学院肿瘤医院头颈外科1970-2005年初治的36例声门下型喉鳞癌患者的临床资料,其中Ⅰ期6例,Ⅱ期9例,Ⅲ期8例,Ⅳ期13例.单纯放疗8例,单纯手术18例,手术加放疗10例.分析不同分期、不同治疗方式的生存情况.采用Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,Log-Rank法作差异检验,不同组间率的比较采用卡方检验.结果 除3例患者无瘤状态下失访外,其余33例均随访5年以上或至死亡.5年生存率为58.2％,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期5年生存率分别为66.7％、66.7％、62.5％、30.8％,Ⅰ～Ⅲ期与Ⅳ期两组比较差异有统计学意义(x2=3.955,P＜0.05);单纯放疗、单纯手术、手术加放疗的5年生存率分别为43.8％、66.7％、51.9％.淋巴转移率为25.0％ (9/36),阳性淋巴结主要分布在Ⅵ区,其次为Ⅱ区.NO、N+患者的5年生存率分别为66.7％、20.8％,两组差异有统计学意义(x2 =6.466,P＜0.05).结论 声门下型喉鳞癌预后相对较差.喉全切除术是该型喉鳞癌主要的治疗方式,仅部分早期患者可行单纯放疗或喉部分切除术.局部晚期患者在手术同期应行颈部Ⅱ～Ⅳ区及Ⅵ区的淋巴清扫术.     

Concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy as initial treatment for stage II supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of concurrent carboplatin (CBDCA) and radiotherapy for laryngeal carcinoma, we investigated survival rates and laryngeal preservation rates in patients with this treatment modality and those with radiation therapy only. Methods: We underwent chemotherapy with CBDCA and conventional radiotherapy concurrently to 17 patients with untreated stage II (T2N0M0) supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma since November 1990. CBDCA (100 mg/m²) was administered intravenously once a week concurrently with radiotherapy (2.5 Gy/fr, 4 times a week). At the dose of 40 Gy, the results were evaluated, and some of the patients underwent planned surgery and others continued the radiotherapy up to 65 Gy. Results: Overall 5-year survival rate by Kaplan–Meier method was 81.1%. Actual laryngeal preservation rate was 76.0%. Toxicity over grade III was noticed in two patients. Compared with 14 cases of historical controls, which were treated by radiation therapy alone between 1988 and 1990, the cases with concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy had statistically significant advantage in overall successful laryngeal preservation rate (P<0.05), whereas the two groups were not significantly different in the overall 5-year survival rate.     

Analysis of curative effects on laryngeal carcinoma patients in the northeast region of China

CONCLUSIONS: In the past 20 years, the level of laryngeal carcinoma treatment in our country has been significantly improved. Early diagnosis is the key for increasing the ratio of larynx preservation surgeries and improving survival rates. The main causes of death within 5 years are local recurrence and metastasis. OBJECTIVE: To describe the main treatment methods for laryngeal carcinoma in China in the 1980s and 1990s and their prospective effects and investigate the prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective investigation was performed on the 1115 laryngeal carcinoma patients receiving treatment in the department of ENT of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University during 1983-1996 and the survival rates and causes of death were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: There were 780 patients surviving for more than 5 years, 260 dead patients, and 75 patients lost to follow-up. According to the cumulative survival rate curve, the 5-year survival rate was 77% (94% for stage I, 89% for stage II, 82% for stage III, and 66% for stage IV). Glottic cancer has the highest 5-year survival rate, followed by supraglottic cancer, subglottic cancer, and transglottic cancer. The 5-year survival rate of patients receiving partial laryngectomy was 85%, while the 5-year survival rate of those receiving total laryngectomy was 68%. The leading causes of death within 5 years were local recurrence and metastasis (70%), and the causes of death were unknown in 14% of cases.     

手术加放射治疗与单纯喉部分切除术治疗喉癌的疗效比较

目的 探讨手术加放射治疗能否比单纯部分喉手术提高疗效。方法 １７１例喉癌随机分为单纯手术,手术加术后放射治疗（剂量５１－７０Ｇｙ）和放射治疗加手术（剂量４０－５０Ｇｙ）３组,前瞻性观察各组的治疗效果。术式包括：声带切除术,垂直半喉切除术,水平半喉切除术,次全喉切除术。结果 单纯手术组（５６例）,手术加术后放射治疗组（６５例）和术前放射治疗加手术组（５０例）的５年生存率分别为８５．７％（４２／４９）     

Are all prognostic factors in parotid gland carcinoma well recognized?

The aim of his study was to assess the treatment results and prognostic factors in patients with parotid gland carcinoma. The material consisted of 109 patients treated surgically, with or without complementary radiotherapy, between 1978 and 2008 (follow-up at least 5-years). 5-year overall and disease-specific survival were observed in 57.0% of the patients and 5-year disease-free survival was achieved in 50.0%. Univariate analysis including ten clinical and pathological features to assess their prognostic value was done. Parapharyngeal space invasion, facial nerve palsy, and high grade of tumor malignancy were the factors with the highest influence on the treatment results, because their presence decreased the chance for recovery 9.8, 9.7, and 8.2 times, respectively. Histologically positive cervical lymph nodes and extraparenchymal extension were the other factors connected with poor prognosis (prognosis worse 6.7 and 5.4 times, respectively). Clinically positive cervical lymph nodes, positive/uncertain microscopic margin, involvement of the deep lobe, or the whole gland increased the risk of treatment failure 3.4, 3.1, and 2.8, respectively. The age ≥60 years and male gender were statistically significant factors, correlated with poor prognosis and decreased chance for recovery 2.4 and 2.6 times. T-status and clinical stage had important influence on 5-year disease-free survival rate because there were significant differences in the treatment results between individual stages. Multivariate analysis proved that the independent prognostic value, among anatomic structures involved by the neoplasm, had mandible, facial nerve, and skin infiltration. Among tumor-related factors, T-stage and grade had the statistically significant influence on treatment results, and stage and lymph nodes metastases among clinical and pathological features. These results confirm the value of actually used TNM classification (2002). Although the parapharyngeal space invasion is a factor, which seems to have a significant, poor prognostic value, it was not included in this classification.