白塞病与HLA的相关性

本文以 NIH标准微量淋巴细胞细胞毒试验对上海地区所见41例白塞(Behcet)病进行了HLA-A·B位点检测。211例正常人作为对照。41例中B_5 抗原频率为48.1％,约为对照16.1％的 3倍。RR=490,x~2=19.8611,p<0.00001,有极显著意义。在我国各民族中是最高的,与国外报告资料相一致。皮肤针刺反应与B_5 抗原一致阳性为41.4％,这对诊断本病有帮助。     

ADOLESCENT MOTHERHOOD AND CAPITAL: INTERACTION EFFECTS OF RACE/ETHNICITY ON HARSH PARENTING

This study used large, longitudinal data to examine the moderating effects of race and ethnicity of mothers on the associations between (a) adolescent motherhood, (b) human, social, and cultural capital factors, and (c) harsh parenting. The study sample included adolescent mothers who were 19 years old or younger (n = 379) and adult mothers 26 years old or older (n = 881). Of these, about 31% were White, 48% Black, and 21% Hispanic. The Parent to Child version of the Conflict Tactics Scales was used as a proxy for maternal harsh parenting when their children were 3 years old. Results indicated that adolescent motherhood and different capital factors contributed to the prediction of maternal harsh parenting for each racial/ethnic group. The findings suggest the importance of differentiating strategies for preventing adolescent motherhood and for reducing the likelihood of harsh parenting among different racial/ethnic groups of mothers.     

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A ‘PSYCHOANALYTIC’ AND A SO-CALLED ‘NORMAL’, EVERYDAY RELATIONSHIP? THE CONTROVERSY BETWEEN FREUD AND FERENCZI

Is the form Freud gave to the analytic relationship definitive? This question will be answered by analysing the argumentation in the Freud-Ferenczi controversy concerning the design of the therapeutic relationship. The current albeit superficial mode of interpretation of this controversy is mainly in terms of a supposed ‘warm’ emotional involvement of the analyst, as opposed to his ‘cold’ aloofness. Fundamentally however, the controversy concerns the way one should delineate the psychoanalytic relationship, as a method of treatment, from our everyday relationships. Freud and Ferenczi are the historical figures exemplifying what can be considered an ongoing debate. …My recommendations on technique given at the time were essentially negative. I considered it most important to underline what should not be done and to show the temptations opposing analysis. Almost everything to be done positively I left to the ‘tact’ introduced by you. But I aimed not at the obedients who were not aware of the elasticity of my remarks and subjected themselves to my recommendations as if they were taboo-regulations. This should be revised one day, without, however, doing away with the obligations. Freud in a letter to Ferenczi, 4.1.1928 (Ferenczi 1928a, p. 99)     

人类白细胞抗原与IgA肾病关联及其临床意义

７５例经肾穿刺证实ＩｇＡ肾病患者来自上海驻族患者检测了ＨＬＡ－Ａ、Ｂ、ＤＲ抗原和５９例ＨＬＡ－ＤＱ抗原，发现ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ４抗原频率明显增高，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ５一型频率降低；ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ４抗原阳性者在大量蛋白尿组和肉眼血尿组均增高。     

RURAL–URBAN DISPARITIES IN ADOLESCENT RISKY BEHAVIORS: A FAMILY SOCIAL CAPITAL PERSPECTIVE

This study examined differences in adolescent risky behaviors between rural communities and urban communities and identified specific factors predicting these differences from a family social capital perspective. Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2012 state‐wide representative youth survey (N = 61,321) in Arizona, United States. The results mostly confirmed the already documented differences between rural–urban youth and related health disparities. The rates of cigarette use, alcohol use and driving after drinking were higher in rural respondents than those in urban respondents. However, the rate of drug use such as marijuana and methamphetamines was lower in rural respondents. The findings highlighted the importance of family structure, family relationships, and socio‐economic status as contributor to these rural/urban differences. These results were discussed from family capital perspective and practice and policy recommendations were provided for the United States and other societies like China that face similar rural–urban disparities in youth behavioral health.     

小儿特发性激素耐药型肾病综合征与HLA的相关性

为明确小儿特发性激素耐药型肾病综合征与ＨＬＡ抗原的相关性，用微量淋巴细胞毒试验的方法，分析了小儿特发性激素耐药型肾病综合征患儿及正常对照的ＨＬＡ－Ａ，Ｂ，ＤＲ，ＤＱ抗原频率，病人组ＨＬＡ－Ａ，Ｂ抗原频率与对照组相比无显著性差异，ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ４抗原频率病人组较对照组显著性增高（６９．２３％与２４．９１％、Ｐ＿ｃ＝１．５３×１０￣－２，ＲＲ＝６．７８），提示本病有免疫遗传的背景。     

THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF FUTURE EXPECTATIONS ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND ADOLESCENT BULLYING PERPETRATION

Bullying is an important public health issue among adolescents. Few studies have examined how neighborhood context affects adolescent bullying. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between neighborhood collective efficacy and bullying perpetration and sought to determine whether future expectations mediated this relationship. A sample of 196 7th‐grade students (60% female; 27% White) from a Midwestern school completed measures assessing past 30‐day bullying perpetration, neighborhood collective efficacy, and future expectations. The effect of neighborhood collective efficacy on bullying was fully mediated by future expectations. Our findings suggest that neighborhood collective efficacy is associated with lower bullying perpetration by increasing adolescents’ expectations for the future. Strong social relationships increase adolescents’ perceptions of a positive future. Youth with more positive expectations of the future may be less likely to participate in bullying if they perceive the possible outcomes of bullying to be negative and an impediment to goals.     

IMPROVING PARENTING OF TODDLERS’ EMOTIONS USING AN EMOTION COACHING PARENTING PROGRAM: A PILOT STUDY OF TUNING IN TO TODDLERS

Parental responses to children's emotions influence children's emotion‐related abilities. Tuning in to Toddlers (TOTS) is a new emotion‐focused parenting program for parents of toddlers aged 18 to 36 months. It is based on the empirically tested Tuning in to Kids program that teaches parents how to emotion coach their children. In the current pilot study, an intervention‐only sample of parents of typically developing toddlers attended a 6‐session group program. At preprogram and postprogram, parents’ emotion‐coaching and emotion‐dismissing behaviors were assessed using self‐report questionnaires and observation measures. Results showed significant increases in self‐reported and observed emotion coaching behaviors and use of emotion talk after intervention. There was also a significant decrease in self‐reported and observed emotion dismissing behaviors, and toddler externalizing behavior problems. Overall, findings provide preliminary support for TOTS and suggest its potential as a valuable intervention for supporting parents in their efforts to emotion coach their toddlers.     

ADOLESCENT TRANSITION AND THE USE OF HALLUCINOGENS: A SUBCULTURAL ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT A brief history of'rave' culture is presented. The creation of an ecstatic drug or dance induced euphoria is considered in terms of Freud's (1930) idea that drug intoxication is an inducement of a feeling of 'oceanic oneness'. It is argued that there is tension in rave culture between pathological narcissism manifest in social withdrawal and the more normalizing process of an adolescent transitional phenomenon in the working through of self/peer identification and de-identification from parents. A key witness account from a semi-structured interview with a male rayer is contextualized with other accounts of rave drawing from popular culture. Based on the ideas of Herbert Rosenfeld, the authors propose a distinction between benign narcissism and its destructive counterpart, malignant narcissism . The context of rave as a subculture of narcissism is considered in terms of government leadership during the 1980s and the'trickle up trickle down' effect of social stratum reciprocity (Habermas 1989).     

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HIV STATUS AND HOMELESSNESS AMONG VETERANS IN CARE

Veterans seeking care in the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System (VA) are more vulnerable to HIV infection and homelessness. However, there is little scholarship on the association between serostatus and homelessness among VA veterans. We examined this association in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study, a sample of 6,819 HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative veterans attending 8 VAs across the country. We utilized logistic models regressing shelter use in the last month on correlates. HIV and homelessness prevalence was higher than in general veteran populations. Being HIV‐positive was protective against homelessness. Substance use, hazardous alcohol use, depression, schizophrenia, and being African American and male increased risk of homelessness. HIV‐positive status reduced the homelessness risk posed by substance use, especially among African American substance users. However, women veterans with HIV were at higher risk of homelessness than noninfected women veterans. Implications for policies on veteran homelessness and housing for people with HIV are discussed.     

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ALPHA RHYTHM PROPAGATION TIME AND LEVEL OE AROUSAL

Alpha waves in the EEG occur with a time delay in the anteroposterior direction. The hypothesis that this time delay is associated with level of arousal was tested. Alpha time delay was determined from covariance functions and level of arousal from palmar skin conductance levels. The results support the hypothesis.     

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTENSITY AND BREADTH OF AFTER‐SCHOOL PROGRAM PARTICIPATION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM A SHORT‐TERM LONGITUDINAL STUDY

We explored the extent to which intensity and breadth of participation in an after‐school program (ASP) predicted academic achievement, as measured by changes in grades and attendance. The sample comprised 719 2nd‐grade through 8th‐grade Boys and Girls Clubs of Greater Dallas members during the 2009–2010 academic year. With respect to intensity, extent of club participation was positively related to increases in GPA from the first‐week to the last 6‐week grading period. This relationship was stronger for elementary students. In addition, intensity was negatively related to changes in school absences from the first week to the last 6 weeks for both grade levels. With respect to breadth, participation in greater numbers of programs was related to greater improvement in GPA, but only among elementary students, and only when program participation was substantial. Overall, the results suggest that participation in structured ASPs like Boys and Girls Clubs positively affects academic achievement.     

THE ASSOCIATION OF AN HLA‘ASTHMA-ASSOCIATED’ HAPLOTYPE AND IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY IN FAMILIAL ASTHMA

Fifty-seven members from ten families in which one parent and at least one child have asthma were studies with dilutional skin tests and RAST to grass pollens after determination of HLA haplotypes. We found no direct evidence for linkage of a hypothetical asthma locus with HLA or for a significant association of asthma with HLA haplotypes. Linkage between the HLA loci and a gene or genes which allow for the expression of clinical asthma could neither be proven nor disproven due to the small sample size. All of the asthmatic children had positive dilutional skin tests and RAST, suggesting that atopic asthma may be genetically controlled by the HLA chromosome (chromosome 6). Nonetheless, determination of the histocompatibility antigens can increase the value of predictive risk analysis for asthma. Such a determination may be important in the early identification of a child born to a family with atopic asthma.     

PARENT INVOLVEMENT IN EDUCATION AS A MODERATOR OF FAMILY AND NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIOECONOMIC CONTEXT ON SCHOOL READINESS AMONG YOUNG CHILDREN

Limited socioeconomic family and neighborhood resources are known to influence multiple aspects of school readiness skills. Early parent involvement in education is hypothesized to attenuate risk for academic underachievement related to socioeconomic disadvantage. The current study used multilevel modeling to test whether parent involvement moderates the effects of family and neighborhood level socioeconomic resources on school readiness among a sample of 171 urban 4‐year‐olds. Parent involvement moderated the effect of family and neighborhood socioeconomic resources on the social‐emotional‐behavioral components of school readiness. Increased parent involvement in education was related to lower rates of behavior problems among children of single parents and among children from neighborhoods with higher levels of childcare burden. In contrast, parent involvement did not moderate the relation between socioeconomic risk and cognitive‐academic components of school readiness skills.     

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN CELL PROLIFERATION AND APOPTOSIS: STUDIES USING THE CELL CYCLE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS Ki67 AND DNA POLYMERASE ALPHA

The process of apoptosis is associated with the inappropriate expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, which has led to the proposal that the apoptotic pathway represents an abortive attempt to pass through the cell proliferation cycle. To investigate this hypothesis, we examined the expression of two proliferation-associated antigens in apoptotic cells. Apoptotic bodies seen in a range of normal and pathological tissues are often positive for the Ki67 antigen, indicating that these cells were in the cell cycle during the period that they died. In contrast, spontaneous apoptosis of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes maintained in culture was not associated with the expression of either Ki67 or DNA polymerase α. In addition, apoptotic bodies in the pre-menstrual endometrium did not express the Ki67 antigen. These results indicate that, contrary to previous suggestions, apoptosis does not always depend on cell cycle entry. The use of antibodies to Ki67 should be valuable in defining the association of apoptosis with proliferation in a wide range of cells and tissues.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.     

家族性热性惊厥与热休克蛋白70基因关联性的初步探讨

为了解热性惊厥（ｆｅｂｒｉｌｅｃｏｎｖｕｌｓｉｏｎｓ，ＦＳ）与热休克蛋白（ｈｅａｔｓｈｏｃｋｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ，ＨＳＰ）７０基因的关系。应用ＤＮＡ印迹杂交和ＰＣＲ技术，对５０个简单型ＦＣ家系成员进行了ＭＨＣ连锁的热休克蛋白ＨＳＰ７０基因进行了多态性分析，并以１０３例无关健康个体作对照。结果发现：ＦＣ患者及ＦＣ史阳性亲属组中的基因型及等位基因型分布与健康对照组明显不同。主要表现为ＦＣ患者及ＦＣ史阳性亲属组的ＨＳＰ７０－２编码区ＰｓｔⅠ＋、ＨＳＰ７０－２３′非翻译区（３′ＵＴ）扩增产物Ａ２型（１８８ｂｐ）及ＨＳＰ７０－１５′非翻译区（５′ＵＴ）扩增产物Ｃ型等位基因的表型频率均明显高于健康对照组，而无ＦＣ史亲属组的各基因型频率及等位基因表型频率与对照组相比无统计学差异。提出ＨＳＰ７０－２ＰｓｔⅠ＋、７０－２３′ＵＴＡ２及７０－１５′ＵＴＣ３种等位基因型与家族性ＦＣ的易感性可能有关，其中前者为与ＦＣ关联的主要等位基因型，后二者则主要继发于与ＰｓｔⅠ＋等位基因的关联性。     

环氧化物水解酶基因多态性与原发性肝癌易感性的相关研究

为了探讨环氧化物水解酶（ｅｐｏｘｉｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｌａｓｅ）通过参与黄曲霉毒素Ｂ１的解毒代谢，与原发性肝癌的关系，应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法研究环氧化物水解酶的多态性，发现该酶有一多态位点，该多态性位点的一个等位基因与原发性肝癌的发病相关。ｐ５３２４９密码子突变的肝癌患者均含该等位基因。研究结果提示，环氧化物水解酶为原发性肝癌的易感基因之一。