多糖类药物的研究进展

此文综述了多糖的生物活性、制备方法及其在医药领域中应用的研究进展,并对多糖类药物的前景进行展望。     

多糖类药物的剂型研究概况

该综述概括了近年来多糖的常规剂型和新型给药系统的研究概况,为多糖类药物新剂型的研究开发提供参考.     

天然药物康复新液的临床应用

康复新液是根据云南大理白族人民应用蜚蠊治疗恶疮的有效经验,从昆虫药材提取液中分离、精制而成的生物制剂。该药主要成分为多元醇类及肽类活性物质,含18种氨基酸。经药理实验证明,康复新液能通过刺激免疫活性细胞(巨噬细胞、多形核白细胞)以促进疮疡愈合,还可以通过直接吞噬作用抗感染和释放自由基杀灭微生物,或分泌白细胞介素-1、干扰素、前列腺素和白三烯等活性物质来调节炎症和组织再生。巨噬细胞被受调理素作用的酵母多糖刺激时,释放氧自由基,氧自由基在细胞内杀灭微生物起重要作用,并对肿瘤细胞具有毒性和免疫调节特性[1]。目前该药…     

胸腺肽制剂及临床应用研究现状

目的介绍近年胸腺肽作为免疫调节剂广泛应用于临床的进展和概况。方法通过文献查阅综合报道胸腺肽制剂的最新进展。胸腺肽是胸腺产生的一种具有生物活性的多肽物质,目前国内使用的胸腺肽制剂都是由动物（小牛或猪）的提取物制成的。其主要作用是促进淋巴细胞生成,调节机体的细胞免疫功能。结果近年开发了多种的新剂型,在临床领域有了更多的应用。结论胸腺肽做为一种免疫调节剂,还有广泛的开发前景。     

中国药学会黏多糖类药物研发及临床应用学术研讨会会议纪要

根据中国药学会2005年学术活动计划、中国药学会生化与生物技术药物专业委员会主办、山东省生物药物研究院承办的“中国药学会黏多糖类药物研发及临床应用学术研讨会”于2005年8月17日至8月20日在黑龙江省哈尔滨市召开。本次会议共到代表60余人，人员有科研、教学、生产、医院、药学刊物编辑等多个方面。会议会前征得论文48篇，经生化与生物技术药物专业委员会的部分委员审定，并编印成论文集。论文涉及黏多糖类药物的新制备工艺、新制剂、新分析检验方法以及新用途等多个方面，有论述某一领域或具体药物研究进展与发展方向的综述，也有黏多糖类药物基础与临床的研究论文。     

多糖类药用辅料的应用及其质量分析进展

多糖由于优良的性质,在药用辅料中应用广泛,近年来成为缓控释制剂和靶向制剂载体的研究热点。多糖类辅料的质量日益引起人们关注。本文从应用和质量分析两个方面,对近年来多糖类药用辅料的研究进行综述。     

中药及天然药物中多糖类成分药理研究概况

中药及天然药物中多糖类成分过去常被当作杂质.从60年代开始,对多糖进行了广泛的研究,近十多年来,研究取得了显著的进展.本文对近十多年来部分中药及天然药物多糖类成分的药理研究概述如下:     

多糖类物质的抗辐射防护研究现状

随着人类利用辐射的日趋广泛,人体受辐射的机会增多,致使对辐射损伤的机制和防护药物研究成为人们关注的焦点.研究表明,一些中药提取物和细菌内毒素等多糖类物质对放射损伤有一定防治作用,并能在体内刺激网状内皮等系统产生某些细胞因子,促进造血和免疫功能的恢复,是值得重视的研究领域.本对多糖类物质抗辐射防护研究现状作一综述.     

复方治癣洗液的研制与临床应用

目的：制备复方治癣洗液并观察疗效。方法：建立复方治癣洗液制备、质量控制与临床应用观察等方法。结果：复方治癣洗液用于治疗各型手足癣总有效率达92．7％。结论：复方治癣洗液质量可控,疗效确切。     

天然植物多糖抗糖尿病研究进展

糖尿病及其相关代谢综合征的发生率呈逐年上升的趋势,其患病率、致残率、病死率及对健康危害程度已居全球非传染性疾病的第3位。因此从天然药物中寻找和研究有效、安全的抗糖尿病治疗药物日益成为医药工作者关注的热点。近几年来有较多文献报道了多种天然多糖对糖尿病及其并发症有较好的治疗效果,本文根据多糖来源进行分类总结并综述。     

硫酸多糖与动脉粥样硬化

动脉粥样硬化（ＡＳ）的发生、发展是一个十分复杂的病理过程。它涉及到血管内皮细胞（ＥＣ）、平滑肌细胞（ＳＭＣ）、炎性细胞（如单核细胞、巨噬细胞等）、淋巴细胞、血小板等多种细胞及相关细胞因子。许多研究发现硫酸多糖与ＡＳ存在密切的关系。大多报道表明硫酸多糖可保护ＥＣ免受各种刺激因子的损伤作用,从而阻断ＡＳ形成的起始环节;另外,硫酸多糖也可通过抑制ＶＳＭＣ增殖、迁移;减少炎性细胞、淋巴细胞、血小板等粘附、聚集到血管内膜;抑制补体的激活等多种途径来达到抗ＡＳ目的。但也有文献报道部分硫酸多糖反而促进ＡＳ形成。而且硫酸多糖的抗ＡＳ活性与其分子结构有关,所以ＡＳ与硫酸多糖的关系是一直存在争议的问题。     

Study on extraction and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Radix Bupleuri by natural deep eutectic solvents combined with ultrasound-assisted enzymolysis

A green and efficient extraction method for Radix Bupleuri polysaccharide (RBP) by natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) combined with the ultrasonic-assisted enzymolytic extraction (UAEE) was established. Using UAEE, the NADES with different ion combinations were selected to extract RBP. The best technical conditions of NADES combined with UAEE were determined by a single factor experiment and response surface optimization experiment. The results showed that the best extraction process of RBP with NADES was as follows: the molar ratio of urea to choline chloride was 1:3, the water content was 20%, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:30, the ultrasonic power was 400 W, the temperature was 57.34 °C, pH was 4.89, and the amount of enzyme was 2.63%. The extraction rate of RBP was 10.1042%, and the relative error compared with the predicted value was 2.03%. The reuse of NADES not only has little effect on the extraction rate of RBP but also has the highest extraction rate when it is reused for the third time, indicating that NADES has certain recyclability. The in vitro antioxidant activity of polysaccharides extracted from Radix Bupleuri by NADES showed that the extract had a specific ability to DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals. Therefore, this study proposed a new, green, and recyclable extraction method for extracting RBP from Radix Bupleuri, which provided a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of the physical and chemical properties of RBP and the development and utilization of its biological activities.     

Preparation and evaluation of conjugate nanogels of glycyl-prednisolone with natural anionic polysaccharides as anti-arthritic delivery systems

Although prednisolone (PD) is used as an anti-arthritis drug due to its rapid and strong anti-inflammatory potential, its frequent and large dosing often brings about adverse effects. Therefore, targeting therapy has attracted increasing attention to overcome such adverse effects. In the present study, nanogels (NGs) composed of macromolecule–PD conjugates were developed as a novel targeting delivery system, and their anti-inflammatory potential was examined. Conjugates were prepared by carbodiimide coupling between glycyl-prednisolone (GP) and the natural anionic polysaccharides, alginic acid (AL) and hyaluronic acid (HA). NGs were produced by the evaporation of organic solvent from the conjugate solution. The obtained NGs, named AL-GP-NG and HA-GP-NG, respectively, were examined for particle characteristics, in vitro release, pharmacokinetics, and in vivo efficacy. Both NGs were several hundred nanometers in size, had negative zeta potentials, and several % (w/w) drug contents. They released PD gradually at pH 7.4 and 6. They exhibited fairly good retention in the systemic circulation. In the efficacy examination using rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis, both NGs showed the stronger and more prolonged suppression of paw inflammation than PD alone. These suggested that the present NGs should be possibly useful as anti-arthritis targeting therapeutic systems.     

临床路径护理记录单的设计与应用

简化护理记录单,缩短护士书写时间,把护理工作的基本内容,以表格的形式快速记录下来,提高书写速度,把时间还给患者,这是临床护理工作所期盼的,也是卫生部对护理文书书写的要求,本院护理部设计的临床护理记录单,书写内容简洁明了、简便易学,不仅能在走临床路径的患者使用,也可用于其他住院患者,为护士节约了时间,为医院节约了成本。     

炉甘石制霉菌素洗剂的制备及临床应用

目的：研制炉甘石制霉菌素洗剂及临床应用。方法：复方炉甘石洗剂中加入制霉菌素，临床验证160例并设对照组观察其疗效。结果：观察组(A)总有效率为87．5％．对照组(B)总有效率为62．5％。结论：炉甘石制霉菌素洗剂抗炎作用明显，临床应用前景广阔。     

功劳木多糖的含量测定

目的为了充分利用功劳木资源,为生产各种食品,医药品等多糖产品提供重要原料,提取功劳木中的多糖,并进行含量的测定。方法采用热水浸提法充分提取功劳木多糖,绘制葡萄糖标准曲线,利用Sevag法脱蛋白提纯功劳木粗多糖并采用苯酚一硫酸法进行功劳木多糖含量的测定。结果测得样品中多糖的含量为0．689％,回收率为96．66％,RSD=O．158％（n=5）。结论功劳木中含有一定量的多糖,且该方法可作为检测贵港功劳木含量的较方便的方法。     

Electrospinning of polysaccharides for regenerative medicine

Electrospinning techniques enable the production of continuous fibers with dimensions on the scale of nanometers from a wide range of natural and synthetic polymers. The number of recent studies regarding electrospun polysaccharides and their derivatives, which are potentially useful for regenerative medicine, is increasing dramatically. However, difficulties regarding the processibility of the polysaccharides (e.g., poor solubility and high surface tension) have limited their application. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of various polysaccharides such as alginate, cellulose, chitin, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, starch, dextran, and heparin, which are either currently being used or have potential to be used for electrospinning. The recent progress of nanofiber matrices electrospun from polysaccharides and their biomedical applications in tissue engineering, wound dressings, drug delivery, and enzyme immobilization are discussed.     

桑葚中多糖的提取及含量测定

目的研究桑葚中多糖的提取及含量测定方法。方法采用超声提取技术提取桑葚中的多糖,并以苯酚-硫酸法测定其含量。结果葡萄糖在0.01～0.06mg/mL范围内,其浓度与吸光度的线性关系良好,回归方程为A=7.2346C-0.0081(r=0.9997),平均回收率为98.92%(n=6,RSD=3.50%),桑葚中多糖含量为9.42%。结论该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,测定结果可靠,可用于桑葚中多糖含量的测定。