不同接收液对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响

本以改进型Franz扩散池为研究工具，以裸鼠皮肤为实验屏障，研究了不同接收液（生理盐水），生理盐水／乙醇，蒸馏水，PEG400饱和水溶液，pH6.8磷酸缓冲液）对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响，结果表明，以pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液为接收液时具有较好的萃取回收率及较高的透皮吸收速率常数，提示磷酸盐缓冲液是进行青藤碱透皮吸收研究的较理想的接收液。     

药物的油水分配系数及透皮吸收速率常数的相关性研究

探讨药物的辛醇 /水分配系数与其透皮吸收速率常数之间的相关性。方法 :用高效液相法测定青藤碱的辛醇 /水分配系数 ,根据pH分配原理实现青藤碱在不同碱性环境中的不同辛醇 /水分配系数并测定其透皮吸收速率常数 ,对二者进行相关性考察。结果 :在本研究的脂溶性及pH范围内 ,青藤碱的透皮速率常数与辛醇 /水分配系数的回归方程为Y =0 .2 44 4X+5 .486 4,r=0 .98;结论 :在pH4～ 10的范围内 ,青藤碱透皮速率常数与辛醇 /水分配系数间有良好的线性关系     

风湿宁贴片中透皮吸收促进剂的筛选研究

目的 :对风湿宁贴片中的透皮吸收促进剂进行筛选研究。方法 :应用均匀设计法从氮酮、丙二醇、油酸中选择风湿宁贴片的透皮吸收促进剂及最佳配比。结果 :氮酮、丙二醇、油酸的含量配比为 6 %∶10 %∶0 %时 ,风湿宁贴片中的青藤碱有最大的透皮速率常数。结论 :氮酮—丙二醇 (6 %∶10 % )是风湿宁贴片较理想的透皮吸收促进剂。     

猪不同部位皮肤与人体皮肤对药物渗透性的比较

以苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲硝唑为模型药物,对猪耳和猪腹部皮肤进行体外药物渗透实验,在相同条件下与正常人体皮肤进行了渗透性差别的比较研究。结果表明:猪耳和猪腹部皮肤与人体皮肤对药物渗透性具有相似性,特别是猪耳皮肤对药物体外透皮实验是个有价值的动物模型。     

促进剂及压敏胶对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响

目的：对促进剂及压敏胶对青藤碱透皮吸收的影响进行研究。方法：青藤碱的含量测定采用ＨＰＬＣ法,用改进型Ｆｒａｎｚ扩散池进行透皮吸收研究。结果：氮酮及丙二醇（６％、１０％）对青藤碱的透皮吸收有促进作用,聚丙烯酯压敏胶则有阻滞作用。结论：选择正确的压敏胶及促进剂是透皮吸收制剂研究的关键之一。     

7种动物与人的皮肤在药物渗透性中的比较

目的:为选择动物皮肤模型研究提供科学依据.方法:以苯甲酸、水杨酸、甲硝唑为模型药物,对小鼠、大鼠、兔、小猪、蛇、泥鳅、青蛙的皮肤进行Franz扩散池法的药物渗透实验,并与正常人体皮肤进行渗透性比较研究.结果:7种动物皮肤中对药物渗透性最大的为青蛙和泥鳅皮肤,渗透性较小的为猪、兔、蛇的皮肤,大部分动物皮肤渗透性比人体皮肤渗透性大.结论:小猪皮肤与人体皮肤对药物渗透性最为相似,选择小猪皮肤作为透皮吸收研究模型,是较理想的实验动物模型.     

利拉萘酯乳膏离体透皮速率评价

目的 研究利拉萘酯乳膏对小鼠皮肤和人体皮肤的渗透性.方法 采用符合美国药典标准的汉森全自动体外释放仪,研究药物在不同释放液中对人体皮肤和小鼠皮肤的透皮吸收作用,并通过乳膏透皮吸收残余量测定,验证实验结果.结果 实验结果显示,利拉萘酯对人体皮肤的透过作用大于鼠皮;其对人体离体皮肤最大渗透量占总给药量的0.014%,稳态流量J为0.148μg/cm2·h;乳膏释放8h后残余药量测定结果显示,有＞82%的药物滞留于皮肤表面.结论 利拉萘酯乳膏不易透过人体皮肤屏障,给药后绝大部分药物滞留于皮肤表面靶组织,利于其发挥局部治疗作用.     

青藤碱贴片的溶出度考察

仿透皮吸收实验方法对青藤碱贴片的溶出度进行了考察,结果表明青藤碱体外释药随时间为一递增过程,符合Ｈｉｇｕｃｈｉ方程（ｙ＝２６５．８６ｔ１／２＋１００．３０）。     

不同透皮吸收促进剂对扑热息痛体外经皮透过性影响的实验研究

 目的 研究透皮吸收促进剂对扑热息痛体外经皮渗透的影响.方法 采用Franz扩散池,用离体大鼠皮肤进行尿素、薄荷油、氮酮及油酸4种透皮吸收促进剂对扑热息痛体外经皮透过性影响的研究.结果 应用尿素、薄荷油、氮酮及油酸4种透皮吸收促进剂,药物的稳态流量与对照组比较均有提高 ,透过倍数分别为1.61、3.52、4.53 及14.89;药物的扩散系数分别提高1.21、1.31、 1.09及16.03倍,而尿素、薄荷油、氮酮的分配系数分别为1.33、2.69及4.16,油酸的分配系数略有下降.结论 4种透皮吸收促进剂中促透作用最强的为油酸,其机制主要为改变角质层的通透性,减低了药物经皮肤透过的阻力,提高了药物在皮肤角质层的扩散系数.     

利福平透皮吸收作用研究

本实验采用Franz扩散小室,初步研究了利福平(Rifampin ,RFP)的透皮吸收情况,实验结果表明:RFP能透过离体小白鼠皮肤,且月桂氮(艹卓)酮(Azone,氮铜)能明显地促进其透皮吸收。含5％(W/W)氮铜的RFP软膏在各时间下的透皮吸收量比不含氮酮者均提高了1倍以上。本文用抛物线拟合法建立了不周时间下不同浓度的氮酮对RFP透皮吸收量的数学模型,求得氮酮对RFP透皮吸收促进作用的最佳浓度为5.70±0.45％。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.