不同剂量放射线照射对大鼠学习记忆能力的损害

目的了解不同放射剂量对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其关系。方法分组采用直线加速器对Sprague-Dawley大鼠进行全脑照射,剂量分别为10Gy、20Gy、30Gy、40Gy,并设未照射组为对照。在照射前及照射后7d,20d,60d分别进行Morris水迷宫实验,分析各组大鼠行为学检测结果,采用平均逃避潜伏期和搜索策略两个指标评价大鼠学习记忆能力。同时观察各组脑组织病理变化。结果20Gy、30Gy、40Gy剂量组与对照组及10Gy组照射后不同时间点平均潜伏期和搜索策略差异有显著性(P<0.05)。20Gy组在放射后7d、20d平均逃避潜伏期[(66.57±11.49)s、(51.30±12.45)s]和搜索策略得分[(15.64±2.14)分、(19.64±2.28)分]明显下降,60d时潜伏期[(40.05±10.98)s]和搜索策略得分[(26.42±2.59)分]有所恢复,30Gy和40Gy组在放射后60d仍没有恢复。30Gy组和40Gy组病理检查显示神经元萎缩变性,白质梳松。结论学习记忆能力检测可作为判断放射性脑损害的敏感指标,20Gy以上剂量放射线照射可降低大鼠学习记忆能力。     

大鼠体外循环模型的建立

目的建立大鼠体外循环(extracorporeal c ircu lation,ECC)动物模型,为心血管外科ECC术后重要器官损伤,尤其是脑损伤的研究提供简单可靠、经济的实验平台。方法选用雄性SD大鼠,经右颈静脉、股静脉插管引流,股动脉插管灌注建立ECC。ECC 1 h,监测血流动力学指标及血气、电解质的变化。结果ECC中动物血流动力学稳定,血气结果满意,完全符合满意ECC标准。停机后心血管和呼吸功能恢复顺利。结论利用特制动物实验膜肺,建立经右颈静脉、股静脉插管引流,股动脉插管灌注的大鼠体外循环模型,具有安全、稳定、简单、实用的特点,是进行与体外循环有关脏器损伤,尤其是脑损伤研究可靠的实验平台。     

大鼠体外循环动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立大鼠体外循环动物模型的可行性.方法以SD大鼠为研究对象,尾动脉插管灌注,右颈静脉插管引流,建立常温大鼠体外循环模型.转流1h,比较体外循环大鼠与对照大鼠的生理学指标.结果现有条件下能够建立常温大鼠体外循环模型,较高流量(200ml@min-1@kg-1)转流1h,转流期间保持存活,但容易出现代谢性酸中毒和动脉血压降低;转流结束后因血液过度稀释不能够长期存活.结论无血预充常温大鼠体外循环模型可以成功建立,但是不能长期存活.     

大鼠体外循环动物模型的建立

目的探讨建立大鼠体外循环动物模型的可行性.方法以SD大鼠为研究对象,尾动脉插管灌注,右颈静脉插管引流,建立常温大鼠体外循环模型.转流1h,比较体外循环大鼠与对照大鼠的生理学指标.结果现有条件下能够建立常温大鼠体外循环模型,较高流量(200ml@min-1@kg-1)转流1h,转流期间保持存活,但容易出现代谢性酸中毒和动脉血压降低;转流结束后因血液过度稀释不能够长期存活.结论无血预充常温大鼠体外循环模型可以成功建立,但是不能长期存活.     

大鼠体外循环动物模型的建立

目的建立大鼠体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)动物模型.方法选用体质量350～500 g的SD大鼠10只,经颈动、静脉插管建立CPB,并且自行设计改进CPB环路元件,检测血流动力学指标和血气变化.结果成功建立大鼠CPB动物模型,CPB中血流动力学稳定,氧合器氧合性能完全符合CPB标准要求.结论采用本方法建立的大鼠CPB模型操作简单、安全、经济实用,是进行CPB基础研究的理想模型.     

微泵恒速灌注叠氮钠对大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的　利用线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶抑制剂叠氮钠，观察其对模型大鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法　SD大鼠皮下埋植Alzet微泵，连续恒速给予叠氮钠共30天，给药1mg.kg     

大鼠体外循环模型的建立

建立大鼠的体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass，CPB)模型，使CPB的动物模型更加简单可靠、经济实用，为CPB相关实验研究提供可靠的动物模型。     

不同剂量放射线照射对大鼠学习记忆能力的损害

目的 了解不同放射剂量对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其关系.方法 分组采用直线加速器对Sprague-Dawley大鼠进行全脑照射,剂量分别为10Gy、20 Gy、30 Gy、40 Gy,并设未照射组为对照.在照射前及照射后7d,20d,60d分别进行Morris水迷宫实验,分析各组大鼠行为学检测结果 ,采用平均逃避潜伏期和搜索策略两个指标评价大鼠学习记忆能力.同时观察各组脑组织病理变化.结果20Gy、30Gy、40Gy剂量组与对照组及10Gy组照射后不同时间点平均潜伏期和搜索策略差异有显著性(P＜0.05).20Gy组在放射后7d、20d平均逃避潜伏期[(66.57±11.49)s、(51.30±12.45)s]和搜索策略得分[(15.64±2.14)分、(19.64±2.28)分]明显下降,60d时潜伏期[(40.05±10.98)s]和搜索策略得分[(26.42±2.59)分]有所恢复,30 Gy和40Gy组在放射后60d仍没有恢复.30 Gy组和40Gy组病理检查显示神经元萎缩变性,白质梳松.结论 学习记忆能力检测可作为判断放射性脑损害的敏感指标,20Gy以上剂量放射线照射可降低大鼠学习记忆能力.     

多氯联苯对大鼠学习记忆能力影响的研究

目的 研究多氯联苯（PCB）对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响。方法 选用受孕wistar大鼠分组锔喂含不同剂量PCB的饲料至分娩，再分组饲喂乳鼠3个月采用避暗法及主动回避方法检测大鼠学习、记忆能力。结果 高剂量组大鼠的生长发育比其它组缓慢（P＜0．05）；I组（1000ppb)和Ⅱ组（100ppb)的学习记忆能力显著低于Ⅲ组（10ppb)及对照组（P＜0．01）。结论 PCB能抑制大鼠的学习、记忆功能。     

白矾对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响

目的:观察白矾对大鼠学习记忆能力和海马结构组织学的影响.方法:将32只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(生理盐水)、白矾低(0.10 g/kg)、中(0.42 g/kg)、高(1.00 g/kg)剂量组,每组8只,每d灌胃给药,用药1周后行电迷宫试验,2个月后行水迷宫试验.试验结束后观察海马结构组织学改变,并计数CA1区神经元密度.结果:和对照组相比,中、高剂量白矾组电迷宫试验寻找安全区出错的几率增加(P＜0.05或0.01,中、高剂量白矾组水迷宫试验中寻找平台潜伏期延长(P＜0.05或0.01,皮层组织学分级升高、CA1区神经元密度降低(P＜0.05).结论:白矾可降低大鼠学习记忆能力,损伤海马组织细胞.     

经皮血管腔内支架成形术在肝移植(LT)术后静脉流出道阻塞(VOO)患者中的应用并附长期随访报告

 目的 评估经皮血管腔内支架成形术治疗肝移植（liver transplantation，LT）术后静脉流出道阻塞（venous outflow obstruction，VOO）患者的近期与远期疗效，总结相关介入处理经验。方法 对复旦大学附属中山医院2003年1月至2015年12月收治的21例LT术后VOO患者的介入处理方式和长期随访资料进行回顾性分析。结果 21例VOO患者中，下腔静脉狭窄16例次，肝静脉狭窄9例次。21例患者均采用经皮血管球囊扩张联合自膨式支架植入。术前跨狭窄压力梯度为3~31 cmH₂O，平均（12.7±8.3） cmH₂O，术后压力梯度为0~5 cmH₂O，平均（2.2±1.5） cmH₂O。技术成功率及临床成功率均为100%，与介入操作相关并发症1例。下腔静脉及肝静脉1、3、5和10年通畅率分别为100%、100%、100%和95%。结论 经皮血管腔内支架成形术治疗LT术后VOO操作简便，疗效确切，可获得良好的近期及远期疗效，可作为LT术后VOO的首选治疗方案。     

A novel, recovery, and reproducible minimally invasive cardiopulmonary bypass model with lung injury in rats

Background Cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） has been shown to be associated with a systemic inflammatory response leading to postoperative organ dysfunction. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing protective strategies for the pathophysiological consequences of CPB have been hampered due to the absence of a satisfactory recovery animal model. The purpose of this study was to establish a good rat model of CPB to study the pathophysiology of potential complications. Methods Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450-560 g were randomly divided into a CPB group （n=10） and a control group （n=10）. All rats were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. The carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated. The blood was drained from the right atrium via the right jugular and transferred by a miniaturized roller pump to a hollow fiber oxygenator and back to the rat via the left carotid artery. Priming consisted of 8 ml of homologous blood and 8 ml of colloid. The surface of the hollow fiber oxygenator was 0.075 m~. CPB was conducted for 60 minutes at a flow rate of 100-120 ml. kg-1. min-1 in the CPB group. Oxygen flow/perfusion flow was 0.8 to 1.0, and the mean arterial pressure remained 60-80 mmHg. Blood gas analysis, hemodynamic investigations, and lung histology were subsequently examined. Results All CPB rats recovered from the operative process without incident. Normal cardiac function after successful weaning was confirmed by electrocardiography and blood pressure measurements. Mean arterial pressure remained stable. The results of blood gas analysis at different times were within the normal range. Levels of IL-113 and TNF-a were higher in the lung tissue in the CPB group （P 〈0.005）. Histological examination revealed marked increases in interstitialcongestion, edema, and inflammation in the CPB group. Conclusion This novel, recovery, and reproducible minimally invasive CPB model may open the field for various studies on the pathophysiological process of CPB and systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.     

外周插管法建立幼龄大鼠体外循环的技术要点

通过右侧股动脉灌注、右侧颈静脉插管引流建立幼龄大鼠体外循环(CPB)模型,14只均顺利建立CPB模型,除3只停机后死于呼吸循环衰竭,余11只顺利脱离CPB。其中采用外周插管的方法、静脉引流通畅、静脉引流穿刺针的合理选择、全血预充方式是CPB模型成功建立的关键。     

A novel, minimally invasive rat model of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass model without blood priming

Background Cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） has been shown to be associated with systemic inflammatory response leading to postoperative organ dysfunction. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms and developing protective strategies for the pathophysiological consequences of CPB have been hampered due to the absence of a satisfactory recovery animal model. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel, minimally invasive rat model of normothermic CPB model without blood priming. Methods Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450-560 g were randomly divided into CPB group （n=10） and control group （n=10）. All rats were anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated. The carotid artery and jugular vein were cannulated. The blood was drained from the right atrium via the right jugular and further transferred by a miniaturized roller pump to a hollow fiber oxygenator and back to the rat via the left carotid artery. The volume of the priming solution, composed of 6% HES130/0.4 and 125 IU heparin, was less than 12 ml. The surface of the hollow fiber oxygenator was 0.075 m2. CPB was conducted for 60 minutes at a flow rat of 100-120 ml. kg -1. min-1 in CPB group. Oxygen flow/perfusion flow was 0.8 to 1.0, and the mean arterial pressure remained 60-80 mmHg. Results All CPB processes were successfully achieved. Blood gas analysis and hemodynamic parameters of each time point were in accordance with normal ranges. The vital signs of all rats were stable. Conclusions The establishment of CPB without blood priming in rats can be achieved successfully. The nontransthoracic model should facilitate the investigation of pathophysiological processes concerning CPB-related multiple organ dysfunction and possible protective interventions. This novel, recovery, and reproducible minimally invasive CPB model may open the tield tor various studies on the pathophysiological process of CPB and systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo.     

家兔体外循环停跳动物模型的建立

目的:改进家兔体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)动物模型.方法:选用体重2.5～3.0 kg家免10只,经股动脉、股静脉插管建立体外循环,经颈动脉插管至主动脉根部灌注停跳液,检测血流动力学指标和血气变化.结果:成功建立家免CPB动物模型,体外循环中血流动力学稳定.结论:采用本方法建立的家免CPB模型操作简单,更加符合临床,是进行CPB基础研究的理想模型.     

A novel rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest without blood priming

Background Large animal cardiopulmonary bypass （CPB） models are expensive,and prevent assessment of neurocognitive function,and difficulties with long-term recovery.The purpose of this study was to establish a novel rat model of cardiopulmonary bypass for deep hypothermic circulatory arrest without blood priming.Methods Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 450-560 g were randomized to CPB with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest （DHCA） and control groups,with 10 rats each.The experimental protocols,including blood and crystalloid fluid administration,anesthesia,orotracheal intubation,ventilation,cannulation,and heparinization were identical in both groups.After inducing cardiac arrest,the circuit was turned off and rats were left in a DHCA state for 15 minutes.Rats were rewarmed to 34℃ to 35℃ over a period of 36 to 42 minutes using CPB-assisted rewarming,a heating blanket,and a heating lamp along with administration of 0.1 mEq of sodium bicarbonate and 0.14 mEq of calcium chloride.The remaining priming volume was reinfused and animals were weaned from CPB.Results All CPB with DHCA processes were successfully achieved.Blood gas analysis and hemodynamic parameters were in the normal range.The vital signs of all rats were stable.Conclusions Our CPB circuit has several novel features,including a small priming volume,active cooling/rewarming processes,vacuum-assisted venous drainage,peripheral cannulation without thoracotomy or stemotomy,and an accurate means of monitoring peripheral tissue oxygenation.     

右美托咪定对体外循环大鼠脑损伤的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定对大鼠体外循环相关脑损伤的影响。方法 将48 只健康雄性SD 大鼠随 机分为假手术组（S 组）、体外循环组（CPB 组）和右美托咪定组（Dex 组）,每组16 只。S 组不进行体外循 环转流;CPB 组行体外循环转流120 min ;Dex 组泵注右美托咪定,并行体外循环转流120 min。采用ELISA 法检测不同时点血浆IL-6 因子的表达,TUNEL 检测海马CA1 区神经细胞凋亡,Western blotting 检测大鼠海 马组织cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白的表达,称重法检测大脑组织含水量。结果 与体外循环前（T0）比较,体外 循环1 h（T1）、体外循环2 h（T2）时CPB 组、Dex 组大鼠血浆IL-6 浓度升高（P <0.05）;与S 组比较,CPB 组体外循环后大鼠海马CA1 区凋亡阳性细胞和脑组织含水量增多（P <0.05）,大鼠血浆IL-6 因子和海马组 织cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达升高（P <0.05）;与CPB 组比较,Dex 组体外循环后大鼠海马CA1 区凋亡阳性 细胞和脑组织含水量减少（P <0.05）,大鼠血浆IL-6 因子和海马组织cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达降低（P <0.05）。 结论 右美托咪定可以减轻体外循环大鼠脑损伤,其机制可能与抑制体外循环相关的炎症反应、下调cleaved Caspase-3 蛋白表达有关。     

自体肺体外循环实验动物模型的建立

目的：试建立自体肺体外循环实验动物模型。方法：杂种犬16只,静脉麻醉后气管插管行人工呼吸。开胸,右心房、肺动脉插管,连接贮血器、泵建立右心体外循环系统;左心房、升主动脉插管,连接贮血器、变温器和泵建立左心体外循环系统。结果：15只犬顺利建立自体肺体外循环,1只失败。结论：模型建立成功的要点是熟练的插管技术,左右心系统转流平衡,适宜的体温。     

三七总皂苷对老年性痴呆大鼠空间探索学习记忆力的影响

目的探讨三七总皂苷(PNS)对老年性痴呆(AD)模型大鼠空间学习记忆功能障碍的改善作用.方法以D-半乳糖腹腔注射致亚急性损伤合并鹅膏蕈氨酸损毁双侧大脑Meynert基底核建立AD大鼠动物模型;Morris水迷宫进行学习记忆能力检测.结果PNS高、低剂量组大鼠在Morris水迷宫测试中,逃避潜伏期明显缩短,寻求次数、原平台象限比、跨越原平台次数明显增加,与模型组比较有显著意义(P<0.05).结论PNS对AD模型大鼠空间学习记忆损害具有明显改善作用.     

大鼠体外循环前后血浆蛋白质差异性表达

目的：实施大鼠体外循环（CPB）前后血浆比较蛋白质组学研究,了解 CPB 前、后血浆蛋白质的差异性表达,以期发现对早期诊断 CPB 后并发症有参考价值的血浆标志物。方法将成年雄性 SD 大鼠10只分为实验组和对照组,每组5只,术前自由进食进水。实验组大鼠建立 CPB 模型,对照组只进行麻醉和动、静脉穿刺操作。两组动物分别在 CPB 前和 CPB 结束时采取血液标本1 mL,肝素抗凝,分离血浆。血浆蛋白提纯后进行二维凝胶电泳、用 ImageScanner 扫描仪扫描成像。将被认定为差异表达的蛋白质斑点进行切胶、酶解和肽段提取后,用质谱仪分析鉴定。结果CPB 后,大鼠血浆蛋白质表达斑点数目明显增加,共有17个表达上调的蛋白质斑点被认定为 CPB 所致。经质谱分析,共鉴定出5种蛋白质,分别为：凝溶胶蛋白、结合珠蛋白、载脂蛋白 A1（ApoA1）、免疫球蛋白和 Ba1-647。结论CPB 可引起大鼠血浆蛋白质出现差异性表达,从功能上分析,凝溶胶蛋白、结合珠蛋白、ApoA1有可能作为研究 CPB 并发症的血浆标志物。