某医专学生艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为的调查分析

目的 了解湖南省怀化医专学生对艾滋病相关知识知晓情况，为学校进一步开展预防艾滋病健康教育提供理论依据。方法 以班级为单位进行随机整群抽样，对怀化医专2003、2004级在校学生进行调查。采用匿名式自填问卷的方法收集资料，用SPSS11．5统计软件进行统计分析。结果 怀化医专学生对艾滋病知识有一定认识，90％以上的学生能正确回答艾滋病的主要传播途径，但仍有相当一部分学生对艾滋病传播途径有不正确的认识：如有70％以上的学生认为蚊虫叮咬可感染艾滋病，40％左右的学生认为与HIV感染者日常生活接触会传染艾滋病（如共用生活用品感染，咳嗽、打喷嚏传播，共用马桶感染，一起游泳感染，拥抱接吻感染等）。该校学生对待艾滋病病人的态度不容乐观，有40％以上的学生对艾滋病病人存在歧视、偏见、疏远的错误态度。结论 怀化医专学生对艾滋病知识有一定认识，但不够全面，且部分学生尚存在感染艾滋病的高危行为。     

承德市某校高中男生艾滋病知识知晓率及高危行为的调查研究

目的：了解高中男生艾滋病预防知识知晓率及高危行为发生的现状,为该人群的艾滋病高危行为的干预,减少艾滋病的传播提供科学依据。方法：对某校高中男生开展艾滋病防治知识知晓率调查和高危行为问卷调查。结果：共调查学生400人,年龄15～18岁,艾滋病知识知晓率为80．50％。最近6个月中有7％（28／400）的男生发生过性行为,其中发生过异性性行为的占1．5％（6／400）,发生过同性性行为的占4．75％（19／400）,有过双性性行为的占0．75％（3／400）。发生异性性行为使用安全套的占50％（3／6）,发生同性性行为使用安全套的占31．57％（6／19）。结论：承德市高中男生艾滋病知识知晓率、安全套使用率偏低,应采取有效措施,增强该人群的自我保护意识,提高他们的艾滋病知识知晓率和安全套的使用率,减少艾滋病在青年学生中的传播。     

334名医专生艾滋病知识和态度的调查分析

青少年是艾滋病的高发人群,在全世界每天新增加的感染者中,青少年约占50％,因此,对青少年学生进行艾滋病健康教育,动员青少年向艾滋病作斗争已迫在眉睫,为了解医专生经艾滋病课堂教学后,对艾滋病有关知识的掌握情况及态度,我们于1998午12月份进行了调查。1对象和方法1．1调查对象：随机整群抽取邯郸医学高等专科学校二年级学生340名进行调查,收到有效答卷334份,有效率98．2％,其中男生150名,女生184名。1．2方法：参考有关文献自制调查表,由学生在班内统一填写,并当场收卷,以回答正确与否来判断学生艾滋病知识和态度的现状。…     

海口市大学生艾滋病知识、态度、行为的现状调查

目的了解海口市大学生艾滋病基本知识掌握现况、艾滋病相关危险行为现况，为艾滋病的干预措施和干预效果评价提供相关信息和依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法，对海口市7所大学、大专院校以及职高院校注册在读的16～24岁765名青年学生，采用统一设计的匿名问卷进行现场调查，收集有关艾滋病知识、态度和行为方面资料。采用Epidata3．02软件进行数据录入，导出Excel数据表进行统计分析。结果艾滋病基本知识总知晓率为80．69％，对蚊虫叮咬传播艾滋病病毒这一问题的正确回答率较低，只有34．38％，艾滋病相关危险行为中有性行为者占10．46％（80／765），同性恋者占0．39％（3／765），吸毒者占0．13％（1／765），80名有性行为的大学生中发生性行为时使用过安全套的是38人，占47．82％；每次都使用的14人，占17．39％。获取艾滋病知识信息的主要途径是电视（75．02％）和报刊书籍（67．41％）。结论大学生对有关艾滋病基本知识的知晓率大于75％，对艾滋病的非传播途径还缺乏正确认识，发生性行为时安全套使用率较低，有吸毒现象的出现，建议加强学校的艾滋病宣传教育工作，提高学生的自我保护意识和减少高危行为的发生。     

医学生艾滋病预防知识、态度及行为的调查

目的了解医学生艾滋病知识掌握情况，为开展艾滋病宣传教育提供依据。方法问卷调查法，对在海南省3所医院实习的300名医学生进行匿名问卷调查。结果（1）医学生艾滋病的基本常识掌握较好，正确率在60％-85％，但较专业的问题回答正确率较低；（2）医学生对艾滋病的主要传播途径回答正确率相对较高，知晓者均超过80％，但非传播途径、非正确预防方法掌握较差；（3）医学生中仍存在对HIV感染者／艾滋病患者的歧视现象。结论调查的医学生已具有一定的预防艾滋病的知识和较为正确的态度，今后应进一步加强艾滋病防治知识的宣传教育。     

黄石市娱乐场所女性性工作者AIDS相关知识与行为特征

目的了解娱乐场所女性性工作者（FCSWs）艾滋病（AIDS）知识知晓情况和行为特征，探讨针对FCSWs的宣传干预方法。方法选择黄石市某中心城区娱乐场所FCSWs问卷调查。结果共调查172名FCSWs,AIDS传播途径和预防措施回答正确率在37．8％-83．1％之间，坚持使用安全套的人占64．6％，从不使用的占14．5％，有吸毒史者占2．3％。结论FCSWs对AIDS知识知晓率较低，高危性行为较普遍，应加强对该人群宣传教育和行为干预，推广安全性行为理念，遏制艾滋病经性途径传播。     

学生的艾滋病知识、态度调查及教育效果评价

目的：在青年学生中普及艾滋病知识，增强该人群对艾滋病的自我保健能力和防范意识。方法：采用随机整群抽样的方法对江门中医药学校1299名学生进行艾滋病知识、态度基线调查，开展艾滋病健康教育，进行干预效果评价。结果：采取教育干预后，学生对艾滋病相关知识的回答正确率比干预前提高3．6％－54．3％，差别有高度显著意义（P＜0．01），干预指数均大于1。结论：在学校实施艾滋病健康教育是对该人群普及艾滋病知识的有效措施。     

医学生艾滋病知识、态度和行为的调查分析

目的：了解医学生有关艾滋病的知识、态度情况,从而对相关课程的设置和教育提供基线资料。方法：采用整群抽样方法,对宁夏医学院420名大学生进行问卷调查。结果：医学生有关艾滋病相关知识的正确回答率较高且与年级增长呈平等关系,但对艾滋病的传播途径还不十分明确。在医学生中还存在对艾滋病的恐惧心理,有20．4％的医学生认为自己由于职业接触有可能感染艾滋病。有48．4％的学生认为今后在工作岗位上接触到艾滋病人会感到恐惧、害怕;绝大多数大学生想了解更多有关艾滋病的知识（92．6％）,认为学校向学生讲授有关艾滋病的知识非常重要者占89．1％。低、中、高年级的医学生对婚前性行为持否定态度者分别为71．3％、65．8％;57．1％。结论：开设有关艾滋病知识的课程是必须的。     

抚顺市农民工艾滋病知识及行为调查分析

目的：深入了解抚顺市农民工艾滋病知识和行为现状，为对流动人口进行艾滋病健康教育及预防提供科学依据。方法：随机抽样，采用《农民工预防艾滋病知识与行为调查问卷》对抚顺市1500名农民工进行调查。结果：在1500名农民工中，91．7％听说过艾滋病，能正确指出其三大传播途径的占78．0％，认为蚊虫叮咬传播和不清楚的占43．2％，认为与艾滋病感染者其他一般日常生活和工作接触传播的和不清楚的比例为18．4％。结论：农民工对艾滋病的传播等具体知识掌握不够准确，要大力加强农民工艾滋病防治宣传工作。     

邵阳市大专院校学生艾滋病知识及健康需求调查

目的 了解大专院校学生艾滋病基本知识的知晓情况，为高校开展艾滋病（AIDS）健康教育提供依据。方法 采取整群随机抽样的方法，对邵阳市一所本科、两所大专院校1600名学生进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括一般情况、艾滋病基本知识、预防相关知识和对健康教育形式的需求等。结果 艾滋病基本知识、传播途径知识、预防相关知识正确回答率分别为76．51％、52．26％、71．86％；大学生希望获得有关知识的途径为专题讲座（68．89％）、宣传小册子（65.74％）、书刊（45．58％）、音像制品（43．66％）、校内宣传栏（32．33％）、校园广播（28．48％）。结论 大学生已经掌握一定的艾滋病相关知识，但还不完善，当前在大学生中开展全面系统的AIDS健康教育十分必要。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.