General pathological processes in somatic muscles in W/SSM rats with genetically determined metabolic myopathy

Hypertrophy, atrophy, and dystrophy, which reflect the balance between alterative and compensatory-adaptive processes at all levels of structural organization, predominate among structural changes in W/SSM rats with metabolic myopathy under conditions of progressive chronic disorders of cellular homeostasis. Primary universal reactions of striated muscles to damage (myofibril contractures and intracellular myocytolysis) are observed at the ultrastructural level. Increased incidence of focal changes and the time course of morphological and stereological parameters in a constantly functioning organ (diaphragm) indicate that working muscle fibers are most susceptible to injury. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 8, pp. 228–233, August, 1998     

Absorption of carbohydrates and fats in an allogeneic graft of the small intestine

The results of a study of the absorptive function of an allogenic graft of the small intestine, using D-xylose loading and electron-microscopic investigation of neutral fat transport in the intestinal wall, are described. An unusual increase in the absorption of D-xylose was shown to take place in association with structural changes in the wall of the intestine and disturbance of fat transport.Central Research Institute of Gastroenterology and Department of Operative Surgery and Topographical Anatomy, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. Kh. Vasilenko.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 153–156, February, 1977.     

Effect of lidocaine on cholera vibrio-induced changes in the jejunum, renal medulla, and lungs of suckling rabbits

Lidocaine injected into suckling rabbits infected with a virulent strain ofVibrio cholerae abolishes the development of hydropic and ballooning degeneration the jejunal enterocytes. Secretory granules and lipid inclusions accumulate in jejunal enterochromaffin cells and interstitial cells of renal medulla, respectively, and are not released into the vascular bed. In pulmonary tissue ultrastructural changes are mild, and capillary epithelium is undamaged, indicating that lidocaine stimulates pulmonary enzymes which inactivate biologically active substances implicated in the pathogenesis of cholera. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 6, pp. 632–637, June, 1997     

Ultrastructural analysis and autoradiography of gastric mucosa bioptates in chronic active hepatitis

The results of gastrobiopsy are studied for a general pathological process in the liver. It is shown that the atrophic-sclerotic reactions predominating in the gastric mucosa are characterized by disturbances in the mucocyte ultrastructure attended by a reduction of cytoplasmic organelles, a marked decrease of biosynthesis in parenchymatous cells, and stroma collagenization, which is a systemic manifestation of regenerative-plastic insufficiency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 8, pp. 190–193, August, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural analysis of liver biopsy specimens in chronic hepatitis and hepatopathy

Three types of morphogenesis of a chronic general pathological process in the liver are distinguished: active hepatitis, hepatitis attended by a pronounced and early tendency toward sclerosis, and hepatopathy, a morphological phenotype of parenchymal dystrophy in the absence of a stromal inflammatory component, which is defined as a syndrome of regenerative-plastic insufficiency. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 306–310, September, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Surface architectonics of peripheral blood erythrocytes in patients with mental diseases

Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated altered surface topography of peripheral erythrocytes in patients with nonpsychotic mental diseases, nonmetabolic mental retardation, and paranoid schizophrenia. Maximum decrease in the number of bioconcave diskocytes and acculation of transitional, prehemolytic, and degenerative forms of erythrocytes were found in schizophrenia. Translated fromByulleten’ Eksperimental’noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 130, No. 10, pp. 429–432, October, 2000     

Intracellular reorganization and ultrastructural stereological analysis of cardiomyocytes of W/SSM rats with genetically determined cardiomyopathy

We studied ultrastructure of cardiomyocytes of W/SSM rats with inherited hypertrophic cardiomyopathy bred from Wistar rats by hypersensitivity to cataractogenic action of high galactose doses. The observed dynamics of quantitative and qualitative changes in the main sarcoplasmic organelles reflects general principles of spatial and temporal reorganization of cardiac muscle cells induced by hypertrophy of different genesis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 8, pp. 233–237, August, 1999     

Morphofunctional changes in the intima of collateral arteries in modeled aorta coarctation

In modeled aorta coarctation long-term functioning of collateral arteries is shown to be accompanied by activation of subintimal smooth muscle cells and elastofibrosis of the intima, which are a manifestation of hemodynamic arteriosclerosis. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 7, pp. 82–85, July, 1994 Presented by L. D. Sidorova, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Cytopharmacological effect of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide in experimental silicosis

The development of experimental silicosis during simultaneous administration of polyvinylpyridine-N-oxide was studied by scanning and transmission electron-microscopic and cytochemical methods. Most macrophages were found to preserve their active function and to phagocytose quartz and to remove it through the air passages. In the fibroblasts the liberation of proteins onto the cell surface was delayed and the intensity of formation of collagen fibers was reduced. Administration of the polymer prevented the development of fibrosis of the lungs.Laboratory of Pathomorphology, Institute of Work Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. V. Smol'yannikov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 3, pp. 371–374, March, 1977.     

Norepinephrine-induced inhibition of thyroid-stimulating effects of oxytocin in rats

In vivo andin vitro experiments on rats and isolated fragments of the thyroid gland showed³H-oxytocin incorporation into thyrocytes followed by activation of the synthesis and release of thyroid hormones. Norepinephrinein vivo activates the thyroid gland, but combined action of norepinephrine and oxytocin suppressedin vivo andin vitro thyroid-stimulating effects of oxytocin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 657–659, December, 1999.     

Ultrastructural visualization of protein-4 binding insulin-like growth factors in cow ovarian follicles

Protein-4 that binds the insulin-like growth factors (IGFBP-4) was visualized in the basal membrane of some vessels and follicles and in extracellular membrane surrounding thecal cells in middle-sized cow ovarian follicles. Examinations of serial sections of thecal granular cells showed highly specialized sites for detection of this protein on plasma membranes and highly specialized endosomes responsible for accumulation of IGFBP-4 in granular cells. These data point to an active role palyed by the extracellular ovarian matrix in the binding and accumulation of insulin-like growth factor and to high specificity of internalization and exocytosis of IGFBP-4 by ovarian granular cells. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 12, pp. 676–680, December, 1998     

Effect of direct cardiac massage on peripheral blood erythrocytes

The effect of direct cardiac massage on peripheral blood erythrocytes is examined. A significant increase in the count of transitory reversible forms of erythrocytes is observed after 1 h of direct cardiac massage without no significant changes in the hemoglobin content, hematocrit, and erythrocyte and reticulocyte counts. It is concluded that direct cardiac massage produces less severe damage to erythrocytes than other means of assisted circulation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 123, No. 3, pp. 353–356, March, 1997     

Effects of polyphenol compounds fromAlchemilla vulgaris on morphofunctional state of thyroid gland in rats exposed to low temperature

In control rats and animals receiving polyphenol compounds extracted fromAlchemilla vulgaris, intense cooling stimulated synthesis of thyroid hormones and promoted their peripheral deiodination. In control rats, the period of recovery after cooling (readaptation period) was characterized by a compensatory reduction in thyroid function. In rats receiving test preparation, this period was characterized by significant activation of thyroid hormone synthesis and by further growth of reserve follicles that appeared during the cooling. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsyni, Vol. 127, No. 6, pp 697–699, June, 1999     

Structural and metabolic analysis of gastric mucosa in gastropathies. Gastrobiopsy data

Bioptates of gastric mucosa are studied in gastropathies. Light and electron microscopic changes in the parenchymal and stromal compartments are described, and biosynthetic reactions and stereological parameters are evaluated, which are different in the fundal and pyloric regions. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 8, pp. 228–232, August, 1996     

Atrophy of bronchial epithelium: Ultrastructural-metabolic analysis of the bronchial mucosa in chronic bronchitis

Complex morphological analysis of bronchial biopsy specimens shows two forms of the atrophic process in the bronchial mucosa: the primary dystrophic form, whose basis is the syndrome of regenerative-plastic insufficiency, and the primary inflammatory form developing at the end of chronic inflammation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, № 10, pp. 444–448, October, 1994 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural and biosynthetic reactions in cell populations of renal glomeruli of the kidney under conditions of glomerular pathology

Proliferative and degenerative variants of structural and functional changes in the cell populations of renal glomeruli are revealed. These variants differ in the intensity of biosynthetic reactions in endotheliocytes, mesangiocytes, and parietal epitheliocytes. The degenerative variant is characterized by inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis and ultrastructural alterations in endotheliocytes, which attests to the leading role of damage to glomerular endothelial associations in destruction of renal glomeruli. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 11, pp. 591–596, November, 1999     

Morphological study of somatic muscles in alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria

The development of acute focal metabolic lesions of somatic muscles is shown in alimentary-toxic paroxysmal myoglobinuria. Two principal universal reactions of striated muscles are traced in the genesis of this pathological process, namely, contracture damage and intracellular myocytolysis. The functional asynchronism and structural-metabolic heterogeneity of muscle fibers are reflected in the stagewise and typical heterogeneity of the morphological picture, which preserves the entire spectrum of stereotypical pathological reactions regardless of the severity of the illness. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, N ^o 2, pp. 228–233, February, 1996 Presented by D. S. Sarkisov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Ultrastructural,radioautographic, and morphometric analysis of gastric mucosa in chronic gastritis

Biopsy specimens of gastric mucosa from patients with chronic gastritis are examined. The dynamics of structural changes occurring during the development of chronic inflammation is demonstrated and the ultrastructural changes in the mucosa cell populations are described, which together with the radioautographic analysis of biosynthetic reactions and morphometric data characterizes the complex structural and functional rearrangements in the gastric mucosa. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 7, pp. 103–108, July, 1996     

Ultrastructural organization of blood-C-cell interrelationships in thyroid gland guanethidine-desympathized four-week-old rats

Morphometry of electron microscopic preparations reveals a compensatory and adaptive nature of ultrastructural changes in the thyroid blood-C-cell junctions induced by desympathization. The data suggest the involvement of adrenergic innervation in neurohumoral regulation of the blood-C-cell relationships in the thyroid gland. Translated fromByulleten', Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 678–681, December, 1996.