新一代准分子激光斑块消蚀技术应用于球囊治疗失败的复杂冠脉病变的初步尝试

目的:探讨新一代准分子激光斑块消蚀技术(ELCA)治疗复杂冠脉病变的可行性和安全性。方法:收集2例球囊治疗失败的复杂冠脉病变患者,其中1例为球囊无法通过病变,另1例为球囊不能充分扩张病变。借助于ELCA技术,以能量40~60mJ/mm~2、频率30~40次/s为技术参数对复杂冠脉病变处的斑块进行消蚀2~4次,耗时不超过10min。结果:ELCA导管均能顺利通过病变,球囊均能充分扩张并植入支架,完成再血管化,2例患者均未出现任何并发症。结论:新一代ELCA技术具有操作简单、疗效确切的特点,可作为治疗复杂冠脉病变新的选择。     

经皮冠脉介入治疗术中并发冠状动脉穿孔5例分析

【目的】探讨经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）并发冠状动脉穿孔的发生及其处理对策。【方法】对本院1999年11月至2007年5月3125例PCI病例及发生冠状动脉穿孔者进行回顾性分析。【结果】共行PCI治疗3125例,并发冠状动脉穿孔5例,发生率为0．16％,2例为完全闭塞性病变,考虑超硬导丝导致穿孔,经灌注球囊长时间低压扩张,穿孔全部闭合,1例为叉口病变,切割球囊扩张后出现冠脉穿孔,经球囊长时间加压扩张,穿孔不能闭合行带膜支架植入,1例为钙化病变伴肌桥,支架选择偏大,高压扩张后冠脉穿孔,经球囊长时间加压扩张,穿孔不能闭合行带膜支架植入。1例为次全闭塞伴钙化病变,有侧支循环,支架高压扩张后出现冠脉穿孔,经球囊长时间加压扩张,穿孔不能闭合,行急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术,无一例死亡。【结论】PCI并发冠状动脉穿孔并不常见,术前正确治疗方案选择可尽量避免出现,术中及时发现,恰当处理,可以避免严重并发症的发生。     

Guidezilla延长导管在冠状动脉非闭塞性钙化病变介入治疗中的应用

目的:探讨Guidezilla延长导管在非闭塞性冠状动脉(简称冠脉)钙化病变介入治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法:选择2015年3月至2017年8月收治的非完全闭塞性冠脉钙化病变,由于球囊或支架输送困难,无法通过病变,在Guidezilla导管辅助下实施经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的患者。采集人口统计学资料、病史、冠脉病变特征等信息,分析Guidezilla导管操作成功率、介入手术成功率和PCI相关并发症。结果:共选择183例患者,冠脉病变分型为B2/C型者占比99.5%;其中,合并多支血管病变者占94.0%,合并冠脉扭曲或成角者占85.3%。因支架输送失败而使用Guidezilla延长导管者占87.4%。Guidezilla操作成功率和PCI手术成功率分别为89.6%和97.3%。操作相关并发症发生率为3.3%(6例),其中冠状动脉夹层占66.7%(4例),无致死性并发症;住院期间主要心血管不良事件(MACEs)发生率为2.2%(4例);平均12个月的随访期内,MACEs发生率为7.7%(14例)。结论:Guidezilla延长导管能安全有效地用于非闭塞性中重度冠脉钙化狭窄病变的PCI治疗。     

不用球囊预扩张的直接冠脉内支架术

目的 :探讨直接冠脉内支架术在冠心病治疗中的疗效和安全性。方法 :选择有支架植入指征的A型和部分B型血管病变的冠心病者 ,不用球囊预扩张 ,直接将第二代支架放在病变血管处高压扩张 ,术后重复造影和临床随访。结果 :15例冠心病患者植入支架 15只 (前降支 10只 ,回旋支 2只 ,右冠脉 3只 ) ,手术成功率 10 0 %。靶血管直径从术前平均 (1 0 3± 0 6 8)mm扩大至 (3 0 6± 0 32 )mm ,狭窄程度由术前平均 (82 6±11 3) %减至 (6 4± 4 1) % ,无严重并发症。随访 3～ 2 0 (12± 6 )个月 ,无心脏事件发生。 13例 (86 6 % )心绞痛消失 ,2例心绞痛复发。结论 :直接冠脉内支架术对某些选择性病例具有疗效满意、安全而费用减少的优点。     

冠脉旋磨术在冠脉钙化病变中的应用效果

目的分析冠脉旋磨术在冠脉钙化病变中的应用效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析36例应用冠脉旋磨术治疗的冠脉严重钙化病变患者的临床资料,观察患者的手术治疗情况、冠脉病变血管变化情况、心功能指标、术后随访及不良事件发生情况。结果36例患者手术成功率为97.22%,手术治疗过程中未出现冠脉穿孔、心肌梗死、心源性死亡等并发症。术后,患者血管狭窄率显著低于术前,管腔直径显著大于术前(P<0.05)。所有患者均在术后半年复查心脏彩超,术前及术后半年的左室舒张末期内径、左室射血分数比较,差异不显著(P>0.05)。术后随访1年,36例患者均未再发心绞痛、靶血管重建、心肌梗死以及心源性死亡等不良事件。结论冠脉旋磨术治疗冠脉严重钙化病变的远期疗效好,安全性高。     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架直接置入术治疗急性冠脉综合征的临床研究

目的评价直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(CYPHERTM,codis)治疗急性冠脉综合征(ACS)罪犯病变的安全性、可行性.方法32例接受CYPHERTM支架直接置入的患者(直接支架组)和一般情况匹配的34例球囊扩张后行冠脉支架术的患者(常规支架组),比较两组的一般情况,冠脉造影及介入治疗即刻和临床随访结果.结果直接支架组和常规支架组的成功率分别为97%和100%,直接支架组1例支架无法通过病变,球囊预扩张后成功置入原支架.两组无一例发生介入治疗相关的的严重心脏事件.随访期间两组严重心脏不良事件发生率无明显统计学差异.结论CYPHERTM支架直接置入术治疗ACS罪犯病变安全可行,成功率高.     

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架直接置人术治疗急性冠脉综合征的临床研究

目的 评价直接置入雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架(CYPHER^TM,codis治疗急性冠脉综合征(ACS)罪犯病变的安全性、可行性。方法 32例接受CYPHERTM支架直接置入的患者(直接支架组)和一般情况匹配的34例球囊扩张后行冠脉支架术的患者(常规支架组),比较两组的一般情况,冠脉造影及介入治疗即刻和临床随访结果。结果 直接支架组和常规支架组的成功率分别为97％和100％,直接支架组1例支架无法通过病变,球囊预扩张后成功置入原支架。两组无一例发生介入治疗相关的的严重心脏事件。随访期间两组严重心脏不良事件发生率无明显统计学差异。结论 CYPHER^TM支架直接置入术治疗ACS罪犯病变安全可行,成功率高。     

棘突球囊有效性和安全性临床评估

目的探讨棘突球囊在冠状动脉狭窄病变治疗中的有效性和安全性。方法采用回顾性研究方法,以2018年1月至2019年12月住院的120例134处冠状动脉狭窄病变应用棘突球囊进行扩张治疗的冠心病患者为研究对象。收集患者的一般资料、病史、冠状动脉造影结果、介入治疗方式、围手术期并发症等资料,评估棘突球囊临床应用的有效性和安全性。结果 134处冠状动脉狭窄病变行棘突球囊扩张治疗中失败5处,成功扩张129处,成功率为96.3%。129处中,支架内再狭窄、小血管弥漫性病变、分叉病变、开口部病变和以及其他类型病变各为30、24、26、16和33处,成功扩张后,给以支架植入或应用药物球囊治疗。6例棘突球囊扩张后发生了内膜撕裂,均为A型夹层,发生率为5.0%(6/120),对其中5例行植入支架治疗。术中及术后住院期间无急性心肌梗死、死亡及需要外科处理的血管并发症发生。结论棘突球囊临床应用于冠状动脉狭窄病变的扩张治疗是有效且安全的。     

球囊跟踪辅助技术在经桡动脉冠脉介入中的应用

目的:探讨应用球囊跟踪辅助技术推送导管通过迂曲、痉挛挠动脉,完成经桡动脉介入治疗(transradial intervention,TRI)的安全性及有效性。方法:选取2016年11月—2019年6月行TRI的1251病例中,28例患者沿PTCA导丝同时推送导管及球囊通过桡动脉痉挛、迂曲嵌顿部位,通过迂曲、痉挛段后退出PTCA导丝及球囊,更换J型导丝,完成造影和介入治疗操作。结果:28例患者(男性12例,女性16例),应用球囊跟踪辅助技术,26例成功完成冠状动脉造影,7例(70%)患者随后完成PTCA及植入冠脉支架植入治疗。失败2例(由于环形迂曲导管无法跟进),所有患者术后即刻造影显示无造影剂外渗,术后即刻至术后3d内无穿刺点出血、前臂血肿、迷走反射及假性动脉瘤,术后监测血压良好。结论:球囊跟踪辅助技术是一种解决经桡动脉冠脉介入治疗中因桡动脉痉挛、迂曲及损伤后无法送入导管的有效方法,有助于治疗顺利完成。     

GuidezillaTM延长导管在复杂冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用

目的 对应用GuidezillaTM延长导管在复杂经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中的有效性及安全性进行评估, 并总结应用GuidezillaTM临床经验。方法 2017年1月至2018年12月邯郸市第一医院PCI手术中应用因球囊或支架难以通过,补救性应用GuidezillaTM辅助球囊或支架通过病变进行PCI手术患者53例。收集术中穿刺入路、病变性质、靶血管开口变异、钙化迂曲、特殊操作及GuidezillaTM延长导管深插冠状动脉长度等数据,观察应用该器械的安全性和有效性。结果 应用GuidezillaTM辅助球囊和支架进行手术患者53例,其中成功植入支架49例(92.5%)。经右桡动脉途径45例、经右股动脉进行手术8例,靶血管开口异常4例,靶血管开口存在病变22例,慢性完全闭塞病变19例,钙化病变19例,迂曲病变9例,钙化迂曲病变24例,辅助旋磨磨头达到病变1例,GuidezillaTM深插冠状动脉深度（19.38±12.66） mm。术中术后无严重并发症,无死亡病例。结论 在复杂PCI治疗中,补救性应用GuidezillaTM辅助介入治疗安全有效,手术成功率高,安全有效,并发症少。     

Intravascular ultrasound detected calcification of coronary lesions as a predictor of dissections after balloon angioplasty

Dissection after balloon angioplasty of coronary arteries may give rise to an unfavourable early outcome. Compared with coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) allows more detailed characterisation of dissections. We investigated the incidence and the type of dissections after balloon angioplasty in calcified coronary lesions. IVUS was performed in 43 patients with 48 lesions before and after percutaneous balloon angioplasty. Significant calcification was defined as an are of more than 90° with typical acoustic shadowing. Dissections were classified as type A when the media was not involved by the dissection and as type B when media involvement had occured. In the group with significant calcification dissection was observed in 79 % of the cases vs. 38 % in the control group (p<0.03). Type B dissection was present in 71 % of the dissections in the calcified lesions vs. 15 % in the control group (p<0.02). The balloon diameter and the ratio of balloon area to vessel area was not different in both groups but the required pressure for the first complete balloon inflation was significantly greater in the group with calcified lesions (9.46±3.6 atm vs. 6.65±2.6 atm; p<0.001). Thus balloon angioplasty in calcified coronary lesions is more likely to lead to dissection which frequently involve the media.     

经皮冠状动脉成形术中的冠状动脉破裂原因分析

目的：探讨冠状动脉成形术中冠状动脉破裂的可能原因。方法：对所有介入治疗前的靶病变行定性和定量造影分析,并选择在发生冠状动脉破裂前最近一次的血管内超声（IVUS）图像进行分析。结果：在5个心脏介入中心总共1 506例经皮冠状动脉成形术（PCI）患者中,发生冠状动脉破裂15例（1.0%）,其中6例与操作导丝相关,1例与单纯球囊扩张相关,8例与支架植入相关。6例与导丝相关的破裂均由亲水涂层或中等硬度导丝所致,靶病变包括3例闭塞、4例偏心和3例分叉病变。与球囊或支架相关冠状动脉破裂包括6例偏心、6例中等至严重钙化病变。有血管内超声分析的5例,其病变偏心率均小于0.4,钙化弓在42~109度。除了单纯球囊破裂病例,在所有支架植入导致的破裂,球囊/管腔比值均超过1.3。所有与导丝相关冠状动脉破裂属于EllisⅡ级,与球囊或支架相关的2例属Ⅱ级,7例属Ⅲ级。结论：导丝相关的冠状动脉破裂常发生在采用亲水涂层或中等硬度导丝对偏心、分叉或闭塞病变进行操作;球囊或支架相关冠状动脉破裂经常与球囊尺寸过大或压力过大有关,常发生在偏心和伴钙化的病变处。     

Quantification of coronary artery calcification in patients with FH using EBCT

BACKGROUND: Calcification of the coronary vessel wall is regarded as a marker of advanced coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS: To test whether patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) exhibit excessive calcification of the coronary vessel wall, we quantified coronary artery calcium in LDL-apheresis treated FH-patients with known severe coronary artery disease (CAD) (n = 10), in patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia and known severe CAD (n = 10), and in asymptomatic controls (n = 10) using electronic beam CT. The total coronary calcium score (Agatston-Score), the number of calcified lesions and the calcified plaque volume were evaluated for this study. RESULTS: CAD-patients with FH, although on average 10 years younger, had a significantly higher total coronary calcium score (702/2018/2890), number of lesions (34/43/49) and calcified plaque volume (700/1818/2313) compared to patients with CAD only (480/641/1362, 10/16.5/22, 480/588/1209, respectively) and controls (10/47/137, 2/4/10, 15/50/144, respectively). Furthermore, we observed a significant correlation (r = 0.93; P < 0.01) between LDL-cholesterol levels (pretreatment levels of the CAD-FH group) and the total coronary calcium score in all three groups. Our results demonstrate that coronary artery calcification is more extensive in CAD-patients with FH than in CAD-patients with moderate hypercholesterolemia. In addition, we provide evidence that the amount of calcium in the coronary vessel wall in FH patients result from a long lasting history of elevated LDL-Cholesterol levels. CONCLUSION: These findings emphasize the significance of LDL-cholesterol as a risk factor for atherosclerosis and underline the importance of early diagnosis of CAD and early cholesterol lowering therapy in FH patients.     

Application of a rapid exchange extension catheter technique in type B2/C nonocclusive coronary intervention via a transradial approach

BACKGROUNDIn transradial intervention procedures, poor back-up support and noncoaxial alignment of the guide catheter (GC) may result in failure of the balloon or stent to reach the targeted lesion. Methods to provide extra back-up support using the original GC and wire can improve procedural success with reduced complications. A rapid exchange guide extension catheter provides convenient and efficient back-up support while preserving the initial GC and inserted wire.AIMTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of rapid exchange extension catheter in the treatment of type B2/C nonocclusive coronary lesions via the radial access.METHODSA total of 135 patients with type B2/C nonocclusive lesions who were treated via the transradial approach were enrolled in the study. The clinical characteristics, indications for use of the rapid exchange extension catheter, and procedural details and results were reviewed and analyzed. All procedure-related complications and major adverse cardiovascular events were recorded during the in-hospital stay and follow-up period.RESULTSThe most common indication for the use of a rapid exchange extension catheter was vascular tortuosity (37.8%), followed by heavy calcification (28.9%), long lesions (20.0%), proximal stent (6.7%), in-stent restenosis (5.2%), and coronary origin anomalies (1.5%). The following technologies failed in passing targeted lesions before delivering the rapid exchange catheter: Multiple predilatation technique (57%), buddy wire technique (33.4%), balloon anchoring technique (5.9%), and cutting balloon modification (3.7%). The mean depth of the extension catheter intubation was 20.56 ± 13.05 mm, and the mean rapid exchange catheter service time was 18.9 ± 9.7 min. The mean length and diameter of stents were 33.5 ± 14.4 mm and 2.75 ± 0.45 mm, respectively. The total rate of technique success (balloon or stent successful crossing of the target lesion with this technique) was 94.8%.CONCLUSIONThe rapid exchange extension catheter technique showed acceptable safety and efficacy in the transradial coronary interventions of type B2/C nonocclusive coronary lesions. We recommend this technique to assist in complex lesion intervention via radial access.     

Patterns of coronary arterial lesion calcification by a novel, cross-sectional CT angiographic assessment

To investigate the patterns and diagnostic implications of coronary arterial lesion calcification by CT angiography (CTA) using a novel, cross-sectional grading method, we studied 371 patients enrolled in the CorE-64 study who underwent CTA and invasive angiography for detecting coronary artery stenoses by quantitative coronary angiography (QCA). The number of quadrants involving calcium on a cross-sectional view for ≥30 and ≥50 % lesions in 4,511 arterial segments was assessed by CTA according to: noncalcified, mild (one-quadrant), moderate (two-quadrant), severe (three-quadrant) and very severe (four-quadrant calcium). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate CTA diagnostic accuracy and agreement versus. QCA for plaque types. Only 4 % of ≥50 % stenoses by QCA were very severely calcified while 43 % were noncalcified. AUC for CTA to detect ≥50 % stenoses by QCA for non-calcified, mildly, moderately, severely, and very severely calcified plaques were 0.90, 0.88, 0.83, 0.76 and 0.89, respectively (P < 0.05). In 198 lesions with severe calcification, the presence or absence of a visible residual lumen by CTA was associated with ≥50 % stenosis by QCA in 20.3 and 76.9 %, respectively. Kappa was 0.93 for interobserver variability in evaluating plaque calcification. We conclude that calcification of individual coronary artery lesions can be reliably graded using CTA. Most ≥50 % coronary artery stenoses are not or only mildly calcified. If no residual lumen is seen on CTA, calcified lesions are predictive of ≥50 % stenoses and vice versa. CTA diagnostic accuracy for detecting ≥50 % stenoses is reduced in lesions with more than mild calcification due to lower specificity.     

腔内CT密度值用于评估冠状动脉钙化及狭窄程度

目的观察冠状动脉CT成像(CCTA)中,根据冠状动脉钙化(CAC)近端与远端冠状动脉管腔CT值及校正后冠状动脉强化值(CCO)差值评估钙化部位管腔狭窄的准确度。方法对CCTA显示钙化的233支主要冠状动脉(左前降支、左回旋支和右冠状动脉),根据狭窄程度分为轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组、重度狭窄组和完全闭塞组,比较各组CCO差值,分析以钙化近远端CCO差值评估冠状动脉狭窄的准确度。结果完全闭塞组CCO差值高于轻度狭窄组、中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组(P<0.001);重度狭窄组与中度狭窄组CCO差值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);中度狭窄组和重度狭窄组CCO差值高于轻度狭窄组(P<0.001)。以钙化近远侧CCO差值0.0869作为诊断界点,其诊断冠状动脉≥50%狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为76.67%、75.47%、91.39%和48.78%;以0.2070作为诊断界点时,其诊断冠状动脉闭塞的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为91.84%、79.89%、54.88%和97.35%。结论冠状动脉钙化近远端管腔CCO差值随狭窄程度加重而升高,以之作为评价指标,可明显提高评估冠状动脉钙化及狭窄程度的准确性。     

冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变与胰岛素抵抗的相关性分析

目的探讨冠心病合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉缺血及钙化程度与胰岛素抵抗的相关性。方法选择2020年1月1日至2022年1月1日在上饶市人民医院明确诊断为冠心病且伴有2型糖尿病的患者80例。根据稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(insulin resistance index in a homeostasis model,HOMA-IR)将患者分为两组:HOMA-IR>2.69为A组(n=42)、HOMA-IR≤2.69为B组(n=38),并比较两组靶血管钙化长度、靶血管钙化弧度、冠状动脉病变支数、支架覆盖病变长度及Gensini积分的差异性,以及HOMA-IR与上述各项指标的相关性。结果与B组比较,A组靶血管钙化长度较长、靶血管钙化弧度较大、冠状动脉病变数目较多、支架覆盖病变长度较长、Gensini积分较高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,靶血管钙化长度、靶血管钙化弧度、冠状动脉病变数目、支架覆盖病变长度、Gensini积分与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r分别为0.75、0.51、0.43、0.38、0.59,均P<0.05)。结论冠心病合并2型糖尿病的患者胰岛素抵抗与冠状动脉缺血及钙化程度呈正相关。