针康法对脑卒中后抑郁患者血清脑源性神经营养因子、血管内皮生长因子及抑郁状态的影响

目的：探讨针康法对脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平及抑郁状态的影响。方法：40例脑卒中后抑郁患者随机分为常规康复组（对照组）和针康组（观察组）,每组20例,对照组在康复科常规康复治疗基础上给予心理康复治疗,观察组在对照组基础上进行头穴丛刺治疗（针康法）。比较2组患者治疗4周后汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、Fugl-Meyel运动功能评估量表、改良Barthel指数量表（MBI）评分,检测血清脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）水平差异,HAMD与BDNF、VEGF相关性分析。结果：治疗前2组患者HAMD评分、Fugl-Meyel及MBI评分、BDNF及VEGF水平比较差异无统计学意义。治疗4周后,2组HAMD评分较治疗前均有下降(P＜0.01),且观察组低于对照组(P＜0.01);2组Fugl-Meyel及MBI评分、BDNF及VEGF水平较治疗前均有明显上升(P＜0.05),且观察组均高于对照组 (P＜0.05)。HAMD评分与BDNF呈负相关（r=-0.571,P=0.000）;HAMD评分与VEGF呈负相关（r=-0.551,P=0.000）。结论：针康法可明显改善PSD患者抑郁状态,提高患者运动功能及日常生活功能。其抑郁状态好转作用机制可能与提高血清BDNF、VEGF水平有关。     

卒中单元病房综合治疗脑卒中后抑郁状态的疗效

目的：探讨卒中单元病房综合治疗对脑卒中后抑郁状态的疗效。方法：随机抽取卒中单元病房的脑卒中患者450例为卒中组和普通神经内科住院的脑卒中患者180例为对照组,均采取常规药物治疗;卒中组同时配合综合康复治疗,包括肢体运动康复、语言训练、心理康复和健康教育等。将2组患者的PSD发生率进行比较,对有PSD患者进行治疗,并比较疗效。结果：治疗2周后,卒中组患者PSD的发生率低于对照组（P〈0.01）;治疗8周后,卒中组PSD患者汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分与治疗前及与对照组PSD患者比较均明显降低（P〈0.01）。结论：在卒中单元病房综合康复治疗能降低卒中后PSD的发生率,并能显著改善PSD患者HAMD评分,提高临床疗效。     

抗抑郁治疗对脑卒中抑郁患者神经功能恢复的影响

目的：探讨抗抑郁治疗对脑卒中抑郁（PSD）患者神经功能的影响。方法：PSD患者80例,分为对照组41例和干预组39例,均在软瘫期、痉挛期及恢复期给予相应康复治疗。干预组治疗过程中配合服用抗抑郁药及心理疏导。结果：治疗3个月后,2组Fugl—Meyer（FMA）及ADL评分均较治疗前明显提高;汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．05,0．01）,且干预组较对照组表现更显著（P〈0．05）。结论：PSI）是影响脑卒中患者神经功能恢复的重要因素,抗抑郁治疗可促进神经功能的恢复,提高ADL能力。     

逍遥散联合百忧解治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效观察

目的观察逍遥散联合百忧解辅以心理疗法治疗脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）及神经功能缺损的疗效.方法将85例PSD患者随机分为治疗组43例和对照组42例,在药物治疗基础上,对照组予百忧解配合心理治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上加用逍遥散.治疗前后采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、改良Barthel指数（MBI） 、斯堪的纳维亚卒中量表（SSS） 对患者进行评定,比较两组的疗效.结果治疗后,治疗组的有效率明显高于对照组（ P〈0.01）,HAMD评分和SSS 评分明显低于对照组（ P〈0.01） ,MBI评分明显高于对照组（ P〈0.01） .结论逍遥散联合百忧解并配以心理疗法治疗PSD不仅能明显改善患者的抑郁症状,而且能促进神经功能的恢复.     

早期康复护理对脑卒中后抑郁康复的影响

目的：探讨早期康复护理介入对脑卒中后抑郁康复的影响。方法：应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）作为抑郁情绪的评定工具,评价268例脑卒中患者,将其中168例并发抑郁的患者随机分成康复护理组84例与对照组84例,对照组采用抗抑郁药治疗,而康复护理组则在应用抗抑郁药物治疗的基础上进行综合康复护理,治疗前后应用HAMD抑郁量表、Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表进行评价。结果：治疗后康复护理组HAMD抑郁量表评分明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）;Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论：早期康复护理能有效减轻脑卒中的抑郁情绪,同时还可促进其神经功能的康复。     

黛力新治疗脑卒中后抑郁状态的疗效观察

目的观察黛力新治疗脑卒中后抑郁状态（PSD）的临床疗效。方法采用平行对照研究方法,将98例脑卒中后抑郁患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组49例。对照组只进行常规治疗;治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用黛力新片治疗4周。对2组患者治疗前,治疗后2、4周的汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）及神经功能缺损评分进行比较。结果 2组患者治疗2、4周后HAMD及神经功能缺损评分均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;治疗组治疗2、4周后HAMD及神经功能缺损评分明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）。结论黛力新治疗PSD疗效好,不良反应轻。     

交变电磁场疗法对脑卒中后抑郁的临床效果

目的：探讨交变电磁场疗法对脑卒中后抑郁（PSD）患者的临床效果。方法：PSD患者119例,分为磁疗组61例和对照组58例,均配合心理治疗及服用帕罗西汀片,磁疗组增加交变电磁场治疗30 min,每日1次。治疗前后均采用汉密顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、临床神经功能缺损评分（CNS）及ADL评分评定抑郁状态、神经功能缺损程度及ADL。结果：经过平均4周的治疗,2组HAMD及ADL评分与治疗前比较均有明显下降,磁疗组表现更明显（均P〈0.01）。CNS评分,磁疗组较治疗前及对照组明显下降,对照组治疗前后变化不明显。治疗后临床疗效比较,磁疗组痊愈率及总有效率均明显高于对照组（47.5%、88.5%与25.9%、74.1%,P〈0.05）。结论：应用交变磁场治疗脑卒中后抑郁能明显改善患者精神症状,降低神经功能的缺损程度。     

脑卒中后抑郁症对患者肢体感觉功能和日常生活活动能力的影响

目的探讨脑卒中后抑郁症(PSD)对患者肢体感觉功能和日常生活活动（ADL）能力的影响。 方法将100例脑卒中患者根据综合医院焦虑/抑郁情绪测定量表（HAD）评分分为脑卒中后抑郁组和非抑郁组,2组均给予常规药物、康复治疗及感觉功能训练,抑郁组同时给予抗抑郁药物治疗,于治疗前和治疗3个月后分别采用Fugl-Meyer评分法和Barthel指数（BI）评定2组受累侧感觉功能和ADL能力。 结果2组患者的感觉功能及BI评分较治疗前均有明显改善(P<0.01)(排除未服抗抑郁药的5例抑郁组患者);抑郁组的感觉功能及BI评分结果较非抑郁组差(P<0.01);抑郁组中因故未服用抗抑郁药物的5例患者,其治疗前、后的感觉功能及BI评分结果差异无统计学意义（P&rt;0.05）。 结论PSD可严重影响患者肢体感觉功能和ADL能力的康复;及时有效的抗抑郁治疗和康复训练可促进神经功能和ADL能力的提高。     

老年女性脑卒中后抑郁症患者血清性激素变化及临床意义分析

目的 探讨老年女性脑卒中患者血清性激素雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(Te)、催乳素(PRL)水平与脑卒中后抑郁症(PSD)的关系.方法 检测和比较老年女性PSD患者(抑郁症组)、脑卒中后非抑郁症患者(非抑郁症组)和健康者(对照组)各41例血清E2、FSH、LH、Te、PRL水平,应用Hamilton抑郁量表(HAMD) 24项评价抑郁状况,并进行相关分析.结果 抑郁症组血清E2、FSH水平低于非抑郁症组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),血清PRL水平高于非抑郁症组和对照组(P<0.01);3组血清LH、Te水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).抑郁症组血清E2、FSH水平与HAMD评分呈负相关(r=-0.38、-0.28,P<0.01);血清PRL水平与HAMD评分呈正相关(r=0.21,P<0.01);而血清LH、Te水平与HAMD评分无关(P＞0.05).结论 老年女性PSD患者存在明显的性激素水平紊乱,与PSD发病有密切关系.血清性激素水平检测有望成为预测PSD发病的指标.     

经皮穴位电刺激与针刺治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床研究

摘要 目的：观察经皮穴位电刺激与针刺对脑卒中后抑郁的疗效。 方法：脑卒中后抑郁患者90例,随机分为经皮穴位电刺激组30例、针刺组30例与对照组30例。各组治疗前、结束后运用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）进行评定。 结果：各组治疗后汉密尔顿量表组内评分均明显降低（P＜0.01）;与对照组比较,电刺激组及针刺组治疗后评分均有明显降低（P＜0.01）;电刺激组与针刺组治疗后评分无显著性差异（P＞0.05）。 结论：经皮穴位电刺激和针刺治疗均可改善脑卒中后抑郁,较为方便。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.