60Co放射及微量元素锌对钛种植体骨融合的影响

背景：前期实验证实补锌可以加速种植体的骨融合。目的：观察⁶⁰Co放射及微量元素锌对种植体骨融合的影响。方法：取成年雄性家兔36只,双侧胫骨近心端各植入1枚钛种植体,建立钛种植体动物模型,随机均分为4组,补锌组种植后24 h肌注10 g/L硫酸锌4 mg/kg,1次/d;对照组种植后24 h肌注9 g/L生理盐水4 mg/kg,1次/d;放射组于种植后第2,4,6天给予双侧胫骨近心段⁶⁰Co照射,15 Gy/d,同时种植后24 h肌注9 g/L生理盐水4 mg/kg,1次/d;放射补锌组于种植后第2,4,6天给予双侧胫骨近心段⁶⁰Co照射,15 Gy/d,同时种植后24 h肌注10 g/L硫酸锌4 mg/kg,1次/d。种植后1,4,12周利用显微镜观察种植体骨界面组织形态。结果与结论：在相同时间段内,与其他各组相比,放射组种植体周围成纤维细胞数量较多,纤维性结合较多,而骨性组织特别是成熟骨组织形成较少。在相同时间段内,与其他各组相比,补锌组种植体表面成骨细胞数量更多,骨性结合更多,在第4周时即可见成熟骨组织出现,说明补锌能在种植后早期(1-4周)即形成骨性愈合。放射补锌组在第4,12周时也较放射组产生更多骨性结合,说明即使在⁶⁰Co照射后,微量元素锌的补充仍可以促进种植体-骨融合。提示⁶⁰Co照射会延缓种植体骨愈合,放射治疗后适量补锌能够减轻其对种植体骨融合的不利影响。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

微弧氧化/电化学沉积钙磷涂层纯钛种植体的骨内植入

背景：近年来已有对微弧氧化/电化学沉积技术制备涂层在材料性能方面的相关报道,但对这种材料植入体内的性能研究较少见。 目的：观察纯钛种植体经微弧氧化/电化学沉积处理后的骨结合和新骨形成情况。 方法：通过微弧氧化/电化学沉积方法在纯钛上制备含钙磷元素的涂层,然后将该种植体和纯钛种植体分别植入羊两侧胫骨种植窝内,于动物处死前15,5 d分别进行注射四环素进行四环素标记。术后4,12周分别进行X射线、扫描电镜及激光共聚焦观察。 结果与结论：两侧X射线表现相似,种植体周围均无明显阴影,骨小梁排列和骨质密度与宿主骨基本一致。术后4周时,在电镜下可观察到两组种植体和骨组织之间均有间隙,部分见骨性结合;术后12周时,微弧氧化/电化学沉积种植体组可形成新骨,并且新骨与种植体和原来骨组织结合紧密,涂层与钛基体没有明显间隙,纯钛种植体组也可见新骨生成,但可看到明显裂隙。激光共聚焦观察显示,微弧氧化/电化学沉积种植体组双标记带间距离及骨矿化沉积率均高于纯钛种植体组(P < 0.05)。表明微弧氧化/电化学沉积处理可增强纯钛种植体的骨结合能力及新骨形成。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯电纺支架修复种植体周围骨缺损

背景：牙齿缺失导致牙槽嵴骨质的改建和持续吸收,严重影响种植体植入的条件和种植区软硬组织的美观。目的：评价纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯电纺支架促进即刻种植体周围骨缺损的成骨效果。方法：制作犬骨髓间充质干细胞复合纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯电纺支架的组织工程化骨。拔除6只实验犬双侧下颌第二前磨牙,在其近中根牙槽窝处制备种植床,即刻植入种植体,在钛钉颊侧制作三壁骨缺损,两侧骨缺损处分别植入组织工程化骨与Bio-Oss小牛无机骨粉,并在材料表面覆盖Bio-Gide胶原膜。术后即刻、4周、8周、12周X射线测量种植体周围骨灰度值;12周后完整取出下颌骨,甲苯胺蓝染色观察骨缺损区的微观结构,新生骨量、形态结构及种植体-骨结合情况。结果与结论：两组间术后各时间点骨密度变化无明显差异,表明两组材料在促进骨再生过程中的成骨效果基本一致。组织工程化骨组骨缺损区内形成致密板状骨,可见成熟骨细胞,哈弗氏管,新生骨-种植体结合较紧密;Bio-Oss小牛无机骨粉组板层骨致密,新骨中有少量Bio-Oss颗粒分布,成骨细胞较组织工程化骨组少,部分哈弗管结构内可见到毛细血管,新骨与植入材料之间形成桥形连接,与种植体结合紧密。表明纳米羟基磷灰石/聚己内酯支架复合骨髓间充质干细胞、Bio-Gide胶原膜可促进种植体周围牙槽骨再生。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

直流电刺激钛种植体的实验研究

牙种植的成败,本质上取决于种植体—骨组织界面的反应。本研究的目的为探讨持续小量直流电刺激(15μA),作用于种植体对界面的影响。结果表明:界面区新骨形成的量及速度,电刺激组明显优于对照组,电刺激可明显促进新骨形成,本实验也同时证明钛种植体本身可直接做为刺激电极,电刺激种植体可望成为加速界面骨形成,从而缩短骨愈合时间的一种手段。     

雌激素干预吸烟骨质疏松大鼠种植体周围的骨沉积

背景：骨质疏松、吸烟可致口腔种植失败率显著增高。 目的：观察雌激素对吸烟骨质疏松大鼠种植体周围骨沉积的影响。 方法：50只雌性大鼠均分为5组：除假手术组外,卵巢去势组、卵巢去势+雌激素组、卵巢去势+吸烟组、卵巢去势+吸烟+雌激素组均制备卵巢去势模型,去势术后后两组持续熏烟24周。去势术后12周,在大鼠右侧胫骨近骺端植入钛种植体,种植后对卵巢去势+雌激素组和卵巢去势+吸烟+雌激素组肌注雌激素。实验24周时行动物活体骨密度测量及X射线观察,处死动物采集标本行种植体骨硬组织切片观察。 结果与结论：骨密度及X射线观察结果显示,雌激素可提高种植体周围骨沉积。硬组织切片观察结果显示,卵巢去势+雌激素组种植体骨包绕范围基本形成骨结合,松质骨区结合骨板与周围骨小梁相连。卵巢去势+吸烟+雌激素组种植体周围结合骨板较卵巢去势+吸烟组明显增厚,骨板周围小梁骨增多。提示雌激素可在一定程度上提高吸烟骨质疏松大鼠种植体周围骨沉积,促进种植体骨结合。     

新型种植体骨界面Ⅰ型胶原的表达

背景：刘福祥教授自行设计的新型种植体在较短种植体长度上给出了较大骨接触面积,同时考虑到种植体的抗扭转能力、抗侧向力能力,种植体与骨弹性模量的匹配及加工和植入、修复的便易度。 目的：观察自主设计的新型种植体植入颌骨后种植体-骨界面Ⅰ型胶原的表达变化,探讨新型种植体与牙槽骨的骨结合能力。 方法：拔除成年狼犬双侧下颌前磨牙3个月后,于两侧拔牙位点牙槽骨分别植入新型种植体和圆柱状种植体各2枚。 结果与结论：随时间增加两组周围骨组织密度逐渐升高,新型种植体组圆盘结构间出现密度逐渐升高的影像组织。两组种植体-骨界面均有Ⅰ型胶原表达,均于术后4周达高峰,且新型种植体组术后2,4周Ⅰ型胶原平均灰度值均高于圆柱状种植体组(P < 0.05)。表明新型种植体植入颌骨后能够取得生物性成功,种植体-骨界面成骨较圆柱状种植体更快,更活跃,骨结合能力更强。     

低功率激光对Beagle犬胫骨种植体周骨愈合的影响

背景：低功率激光照射对种植体周骨愈合及骨结合的影响尚无确切的结论。 目的：探讨低功率氦氖激光局部照射对骨内种植体周骨愈合的影响。 方法：取6只Beagle犬,每只犬两侧胫骨分别植入3枚种植体,植入后分别采用低功率氦氖激光局部照射1周,2周或不照射。分别于第4,8,12周随机处死2只Beagle犬取材。 结果与结论：亚甲基蓝-酸性品红染色显示,给予低功率氦氖激光局部照射的种植体周骨组织愈合优于未照射者。骨形态计量学分析结果显示,随着种植体植入时间的延长,种植体-骨结合率逐渐增高;在相同时间点,种植体-骨结合率以照射2周组最高,照射1周组次之。提示低功率氦氖激光局部照射能显著促进种植体周骨组织愈合及其改建成熟,同时增加种植体骨结合面积。     

跑步锻炼大鼠缺损股骨干内的骨质生长

背景：研究已经证实,力学刺激能够促进骨折的愈合。但是,跑步锻炼所产生的力学刺激能否增加骨材料的骨传导性和促进骨缺损的愈合尚不清楚。 目的：观察跑步锻炼所产生的间接力学刺激对骨缺损愈合和骨材料成骨性能的影响。 方法：在12周龄SD大鼠左股骨远端制作一个直径3 mm、高3 mm的缺损,然后在缺损内塞入同等大小的硫酸钙支架材料。实验组于术后1周开始以10 m/min,45 min/d,5 d/周的策略进行跑步锻炼,持续3周;对照组不给予跑步锻炼。 在术后1,2,3,4周进行micro-CT扫描以观察缺损内的成骨情况。实验结束后,取股骨远端制作切片后进行苏木精-伊红染色观察骨缺损内新骨生成和骨材料降解情况。 结果与结论：通过micro-CT分析得到,术后1周时,实验组和对照组的骨缺损内已经有少量的新骨形成。在2,3,4周时,实验组骨缺损内新骨生成量明显高于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。在4周时,组织学切片结果也说明实验组新骨生成情况明显优于对照组。另外,给予跑步锻炼之后,实验组骨缺损内生成的新骨骨密度高于对照组,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果表明,适度的跑步锻炼确实能够增加骨材料的成骨性能和加速骨缺损的愈合。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

未负载种植体骨界面形态与元素动态改变相关实验研究

观察种植界面微区元素改变与种植界面形成的关系。建立并采用种植体动物模型,应用X线观察,组织学观察,扫描电镜观察以及电子探针X射线能谱分析方法对界面进行研究。X线平片,组织学观察及扫描电镜观察表明12周时,种植体界面已形成大量新生骨组织。钛合金种植体植入后,12周内,钙元素与磷元素逐渐增加并达到峰值,以后趋于平稳,钛元素含量在植入后2周较高,以后逐渐减少。种植体与机体组织之间只有极薄的一层纤维膜,已达到骨结合标准。钙元素与磷元素在骨结合界面形成过程中起主导作用,本研究使用的钛合金种植体在实验条件下植入后,短期内会释放游离离子,但不足以影响骨结合界面的形成。     

尼古丁对不同表面处理种植体骨结合的影响

背景：研究证实尼古丁会影响成骨细胞、破骨细胞、成纤维细胞和红细胞的活性。 目的：检测尼古丁对表面喷砂或酸蚀处理种植体植入后骨结合及骨保护素、骨形成蛋白2表达的影响。 方法：将24只SD大鼠随机均分为实验组和对照组,实验组大鼠每天2次背部皮下注射2 mg/kg尼古丁,对照组对应皮下注射等量生理盐水。2周后在两组大鼠胫骨近干骺端分别植入表面喷砂或酸蚀处理的钛种植体,实验组继续皮下注射尼古丁,对照组注射生理盐水。种植后第2,4周对种植体及其周围骨组织行CT、X射线、荧光定量PCR及苏木精-伊红染色观察。 结果与结论：与对照组相比,实验组骨结合程度及骨保护素和骨形成蛋白2表达明显下降(P < 0.05)。在尼古丁作用下,表面喷砂处理种植体组骨保护素和骨形成蛋白2表达、表面酸蚀处理种植体组骨保护素表达均随时间变化明显下调(P < 0.05),并且表面酸蚀处理种植体组植入2周时骨形成蛋白2表达高于表面喷砂处理种植体组(P < 0.05);X射线与CT结果提示,尼古丁干预对表面酸蚀处理种植体周围新生骨形成量和新生骨矿化程度的影响明显小于表面喷砂处理种植体。苏木精-伊红染色显示,两种种植体周围成骨细胞的数量与活性随时间变化均降低,但表面酸蚀处理种植体组效果好于表面喷砂处理种植体组。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

具有微弧氧化-硅烷-褪黑素复合膜层钛合金种植体的体内骨结合

BACKGROUND: Imperfect strength of titanium alloy implant-bone interface delays bone healing. OBJECTIVE: In order to further improve the early healing ability of titanium dental implants, to make the surface modification of titanium alloy implant and observe the osseointegration ability of the implant. METHODS: Titanium alloy implants were coated with micro-arc oxidation (group A), micro-arc oxidation-silane (group B), and micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin (group C) coatings, respectively. Three kinds of implants were placed into the mandible of New Zealand white rabbits, and 2, 4, 6 weeks after implantation, implant-bone interface osseointegration was observed using cone-beam CT, fluorescence microscopy, and torsion test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Cone-beam CT examination: 6 weeks after implantation, the osseointegration of the implant with the mandible achieved the best results in the group C, followed by group B and group A. (2) Fluorescence microscope observation: the implants in the three groups exhibited the strongest fluorescence at 4 weeks and slightly weakened at 6 weeks, and the fluorescence intensity was higher in the group C than the other two groups. (3) Torsion test: with implantation time prolonged, the implant-bone osseointegration activity gradually increased in the three groups, while it was still highest in the group C (P < 0.05). In summary, our results show that the titanium alloy implant coated with micro-arc oxidation-silane-melatonin composite coating has higher osseointegration activity and promotes bone formation.     

Trabecular bone response to surface roughened and calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coated titanium implants.

The influence of calcium phosphate (Ca-P) coating and surface roughness on the trabecular bone response of titanium implants was investigated. Four types of titanium implants, i.e. blasted with titanium powder, sintered with titanium beads, titanium powder blasted and provided with an additional Ca-P coating, and titanium beads with Ca-P coating, were prepared. The Ca-P coating was deposited by ion beam dynamic mixing method. The Ca-P coating was rapid heat-treated with infrared radiation at 700 degrees C. The implants were inserted into the trabecular bone of the left and right femoral condyles of 16 rabbits. After implantation periods of 2, 3, 4 and 12 weeks, the bone-implant interface was evaluated histologically and histomorphometrically. Histological evaluation revealed new bone formation around different implant materials after already 3 weeks of implantation. After 12 weeks, mature trabecular bone surrounded all implants. At 3 and 4 weeks of implantation, no difference existed in bone contact to the various implant materials. On the other hand, after 12 weeks of implantation the highest percentage of bone contact was found around the Ca-P coated beads implants. Supported by the results, we concluded that the combination of surface geometry and Ca-P coating benefits the implant-bone response during the healing phase.     

锌离子改善骨质疏松状态下钛植入体的稳定性

背景：有研究表明,锌可通过调节成骨细胞活性起到改善骨质疏松状态下骨对钛植入体反应的作用。 目的：观察锌离子对改善骨质疏松状态下钛植入体稳定性的作用。 方法：摘除28只雌性SD大鼠卵巢,饲养12周获得骨质疏松效果,后随机分为2组,实验组于双侧股骨干骺端植入含锌羟基磷灰石涂层的钛植入体,对照组于双侧股骨干骺端植入羟基磷灰石涂层钛植入体。两组分别随机选择3只大鼠进行双重荧光标记,于术后6周末计算矿物沉积率;术后12周末,两组分别随机选择4只大鼠进行植入体及其周围组织组织形态学分析;术后12周,对两组剩余大鼠行推出实验,计算最大推出力与最大剪切力。 结果与结论：荧光标记检测发现在术后3-5周,两组中植入体周围均有活跃的骨生成,实验组矿物质沉降率显著高于对照组(P < 0.05)。两组中均可见新骨形成,但实验组新骨形成量、骨面积比率、骨-植入体接触率、最大推出力及最大剪切力均优于对照组(P < 0.05或P < 0.01)。表明锌离子在去势大鼠骨植入体中具有促进骨生成和改善植入体稳定性的作用。     

Investigation of titanium leak to bone tissue surrounding dental titanium implant: electron microscopic findings and analysis by electron diffraction

This study investigated the tissue response associated with dental titanium implants. The mandibular third and fourth premolars and first molar of three adult beagle dogs were extracted bilaterally. Healing was then allowed for 3 months. Six titanium implants were placed in the mandibles of a dog. Three weeks after the implantation, mandibular sections containing the implants were retrieved with the use of a bone saw and investigated by light and electron microscopy, X-ray microanalyzer, and electron diffraction. Scanning electron microscopic observation showed titanium particles on the implant-bone interface, and investigation by microanalyzer revealed titanium not only on the implant-bone interface but also in the bone tissue. Transmission electron microscopic observation and investigation by electron diffraction showed titanium in the bone matrix and cells other than macrophages. In this study, titanium particles from the dental implant were recognized morphologically in the surrounding bone tissue. Thus, study of the influence of titanium particles on the human body is needed.     

Effect of osteogenic protein 1/collagen composite combined with impacted allograft around hydroxyapatite-coated titanium alloy implants is moderate.

This study evaluated the effects of osteogenic protein 1/collagen composite (OP-1/col) mixed with impacted allograft around hydroxyapatite (HA)-coated titanium alloy implants in a canine model. The aim of the study was to test different doses of OP-1 growth factor in a collagen composite for stimulatory effect on allograft incorporation around an implant. Unloaded implants were inserted in each proximal humerus of 16 skeletally mature dogs. The cylindrical implants (4 x 9 mm) coated with HA were initially surrounded by a 3-mm gap into which allograft mixed with OP-1/col was impacted. Two different doses of OP-1 were investigated. In eight animals 325 mg OP-1 protein and 130 mg bovine collagen type I as carrier were mixed with the allograft chips.This composite is identical to the clinically used OP-1 device called Novus. In another eight animals a lower dose of 65 mg OP-1 protein and 130 mg bovine collagen type I was used. Control implants placed in the contralateral humerus were surrounded by allograft mixed with collagen carrier only. The dogs were euthanized at 6 weeks. Implant fixation was determined by push-out testing. Bone ingrowth and bone formation were evaluated by quantitative histomorphometry on serial sections of the bone-implant interface. Impacted allograft together with low-dose OP-1 enhanced bone volume in a zone adjacent to HA-coated titanium alloy implants. The high dose had no effect on bone formation. Mechanical fixation, bone ingrowth, and bone volume in the gap near the original trabecular bone were unaffected by both low and high OP-1/col composite. In this model and observation period, the low dose of OP-1/col composite mixed with impacted allograft has a moderate effect on bone healing around HA-coated implants and no effect on implant fixation.     

不同力值即刻载荷对即刻种植体骨结合的影响

背景：动物实验研究显示,对即刻种植体进行功能性地早期载荷或者即刻载荷,并不影响种植体的预后。 目的：分析不同力值即刻载荷对即刻种植体骨结合表面成骨的影响。 方法：选用6只成年健康雄性犬,拔除其下颌尖牙和第1磨牙之间的所有牙齿(3颗前磨牙),并在其相应的拔牙窝位点立即植入奥齿泰GSⅡ种植体各1颗,共计36颗。植入种植体后24 h采用自行设计制作的种植体垂直加载仪每犬左侧3颗种植体由前至后分别加载0,10,20 N,对应每犬右侧3颗种植体由前至后分别加载30,40,50 N,每天以1 Hz 的频率加载10 min,加载0 d及第4,8,12周后分别使用OSSTELL进行ISQ值测量记录。 结果与结论：随着加载力值的增加,血清骨钙素和的表达量呈上升趋势,20 N到达最高值,但到达30 N组时数值呈下降趋势,在50 N组到达最低值。即刻种植后4周各组ISQ值均比种植前有少许下降,其中以加载力值50 N组下降的最多。即刻种植后8周各组ISQ值均有不同程度提升,以20 N组上升程度最大,在即刻种植后12周达到各实验组的峰值。切片中可见植入种植体均能与骨组织发生不同程度结合,各组种植体骨结合界面形成范围与时间成正相关。提示较小力值的载荷对种植体骨结合不会产生影响且有一定的促进作用,但当力值较大(≥20 N)时则会影响种植体骨结合的稳定性。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

载三联抗痨药硫酸钙/聚氨基酸人工骨植入脊柱结核病灶内：植骨界面的组织学改变

BACKGROUND: Most researchers have devoted to study the control-release system in spinal tuberculosis focus and implant material for bone defects, but the effective combination to obtain a novel implant material and its treatment outcomes are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological change of the implant-bone interface after implantation of the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone carrying triple-anti-tuberculosis drugs including isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide in a rabbit model of spinal tuberculosis, and to assess the fusion ability of the material. METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into experiment, control and blank control groups (n=12 per group). Models of spinal tuberculosis were established in the rabbits and randomly assigned into either experiment or control groups, followed by implantation with the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone carrying triple-anti-tuberculosis drugs including isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide, or the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone, respectively. Healthy controls received the implantation with calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone only. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the artificial bone was covered by fibers and tightly adhered to the wound in each group at 2 weeks after implantation, the graft started to degrade obviously at the 4th week, degraded mostly at the 8th week, and disappeared completely at the 16th week. There was obvious callus formation at 4 weeks after implantation in the experiment group, but the bone healing was later than that of the blank control group. The bone healing ended in the control group. In the blank control group, callus formation and early osteogenesis appeared at the 4th week, and healed completely at the 16th week. Transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope revealed that osteoblasts could crawl through the gap of materials to form new bone. These results suggest that the calcium sulfate/polyaminoacid artificial bone carrying triple-anti-tuberculosis drugs can be used as a scaffold, and osteocytes in the bone defect area can crawl through the gap of materials, thereby promoting bone osseointegration at the bone-implant interface.     

Synthetic Peptide-conjugated Titanium Alloy for Enhanced Bone Formation In Vivo

There are growing demands for bioactive titanium implants that could shorten the healing period, promote faster rehabilitation, and thereby increase the success rate of treating patients with poor bone quality. A synthetic receptor-binding peptide mimicking bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was covalently linked to a titanium alloy with two types of topography-machined (TiMA) and rough (TiGB)-by using a chemical conjugation process. In vivo osseointegration capacity was evaluated chronologically using histomorphometric analysis at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation in the distal femurs of rabbits. In the histologic examinations, peri-implant bone formation was more active around TiGB than TiMA. Compared to the control groups (nonconjugated TiMA and TiGB) at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, the peptide-conjugated groups (TiMA-P and TiGB-P) had more mature new bone, thicker trabeculae, more rapid bone maturation, and higher affinity index (percentage of new bone contact length) in histomorphometric analysis. Particularly, differences in the affinity index between the peptide-conjugated and nonconjugated groups were more pronounced at the early phase of peri-implant healing (2 and 4 weeks). However, at 8 weeks, enhanced bone formation was less prominent according to peptide conjugation, especially in specimens with a rough surface. The titanium alloys in the rabbit femurs led to a significant increase of bone growth when modified with bioactive peptides, especially during the early phase of bone healing. These results confirm that biochemical modifications of titanium surfaces can enhance the rate of bone healing compared with that of untreated titanium surfaces.     

Biomechanical and histomorphometric study of dental implants with different surface characteristics

The aim of this study was to investigate the early bone response to the titanium dental implants with different surface characteristics using the rabbit tibia model. Calcium metaphosphate coated, anodic oxidized, hydroxyapatite particle-blasted, and turned (control) surfaces were compared. Surface topography was evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscope and optical interferometer. Eighteen rabbits received 72 implants in the tibia. Resonance frequency was analyzed every week for 6 weeks. Removal torque values were measured 2 and 6 weeks after placement. The implant-bone interfaces were directly observed by light microscope and bone-to-implant contact ratios were measured 2 and 6 weeks after insertion. All the surface-modified implants showed superior initial bone responses to the control. No significant differences were found among the surface-modified groups. Data suggest that various surface modification methods can provide favorable bone responses for early functioning and healing of dental implants.