海藻酸钠微球支气管动脉栓塞材料治疗肺结核大咯血的有效性

背景：临床对肺结核大咯血患者实施支气管动脉栓塞介入治疗过程中,可以选择不同的栓塞材料,其中海藻酸钠微球和明胶海绵是两种常用的材料,但目前关于两种材料应用效果的比较分析相关报道相对较少。目的：分析海藻酸钠微球支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的临床有效性。方法：纳入157例肺结核大咯血患者,其中男98例,女59例,年龄22-75岁,均实施支气管动脉栓塞治疗,按照栓塞材料的不同分为海藻酸钠微球组(n=74)和明胶海绵组(n=83)。栓塞治疗后随访12个月,观察两组临床疗效、复发情况及并发症发生情况。结果与结论：经疗效判定,海藻酸钠微球组和明胶海绵组的治疗总有效率分别为91.2%和81.9%,组间治疗总有效率比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05); 海藻酸钠微球组和明胶海绵组的复发率分别为6.8%和26.5%,组间复发率比较差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);两组并发症发生情况比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明海藻酸钠微球支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血临床有效率高、复发率低,效果更理想。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

自制Fe3O4微粒和明胶海绵的肺微循环栓塞效果

背景：有研究表明,小颗粒的栓塞剂易经微导管行栓塞,50-100 μm的颗粒能很好栓塞小动脉,减少侧支循环的产生。 目的：观察自制栓塞剂介入栓塞兔肺微循环的病理改变。 方法：用自制的50,100,150,200,250 μm粒径的Fe3O4微粒、直径500-1 000 μm明胶海绵自制颗粒,对新西兰大白兔行动脉介入肺动脉栓塞,观察其栓塞效果。 结果与结论：数字减影血管造影及病理检测结果显示,50,150,250 μm粒径Fe3O4微粒及明胶海绵自制颗粒均能栓塞兔不同直径肺动脉微循环血管。Fe₃O₄微粒能栓塞兔毛细血管及毛细血管前小动脉,介入栓塞后1-4周兔栓塞血管未见再通,能达到长期栓塞效果,50-250 μm粒径Fe₃O₄微粒能顺利通过微导管行栓塞治疗,且未见明显异位栓塞。明胶海绵自制颗粒能栓塞直径(1 300±348) μm的小动脉,不易通过微导管,在一两周后可被吸收,血管易再通。结果证实,Fe₃O₄微粒具有良好的栓塞效果,栓塞持久、完全、彻底栓塞后血管不易再通,侧支循环不易建立,是良好的肺微循环永久栓塞剂。明胶海绵作为栓塞剂多栓塞于分支小动脉,不能栓塞微循环。     

海藻酸钠微球与明胶海绵栓塞肺结核大咯血的效果比较:143例分析

背景:在诸多治疗方案中,介入栓塞肺结核大咯血的疗效最明确、显著。而多种栓堵材料也随之而出现,从传统的明胶海绵、聚乙烯醇颗粒,到目前应用广泛的微弹簧圈、海藻酸钠微球栓塞剂,疗效各不相同。目的:比较海藻酸钠微球与明胶海绵支气管动脉内栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血的疗效。方法:143例肺结核大咯血患者,根据栓塞材料不同分为明胶组与海藻酸钠微球组。先行选择性支气管动脉插管造影,再做超选择支气管动脉插管,最后注入栓塞材料栓塞末梢支气管动脉。结果与结论:明胶组共栓塞靶血管92支,44例(58.7%)患者栓塞后即刻止血,总有效率为81.3%。随访2年,复发12例(25.3%)。海藻酸钠微球组共栓塞靶血管83支,60例(89.1%)患者栓塞后即刻止血,总有效率为92.6%。随访2年,复发5例(7.8%)。两组比较,海藻酸钠微球组即刻止血效果显著优于明胶组(P0.05),治愈率显著高于明胶组(P0.05);海藻酸钠微球组复发率显著低于明胶组(P0.05);海藻酸钠微球组总有效率显著高于明胶组(P0.05)。并发症的发生率两组差异无显著性意义(P0.05)。结果提示,海藻酸钠微球支气管动脉栓塞治疗肺结核大咯血安全、有效,复发率低,值得临床推广应用。     

选择性支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床应用价值

目的 探讨选择性支气管动脉栓塞术(BAE)治疗大咯血的临床应用价值.方法 对28例经内科抗感染、止血保守治疗无效的大咯血患者,采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺插管,行选择性支气管动脉血管减影显像(DSA)检查,根据造影明确咯血病灶后,超选择性插管,用明胶海绵(GS)栓塞.血管粗大者加用明胶海绵条,存在动静脉瘘者加用钢圈行多重栓塞.结果 一次栓塞后,咯血立即停止26例,咯血明显减少2例,无效1例,近期止血总有效率96.4%;术后随访6个月-3年,临床治愈18例,显效5例,有效3例,2例复发,中远期止血总有效率为92.9%,未出现严重栓塞并发症.结论 支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血是有效的非外科手术技术,是一种高效、安全、操作简便的治疗方法.     

明胶海绵颗粒和壳聚糖α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球在肺结核咯血应用中的对比北大核心

背景:文献报道显示,明胶海绵颗粒和壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球在肺结核咯血中具有较高的应用前景。目的:观察明胶海绵颗粒和壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球在肺结核咯血中的应用效果。方法:取40只昆明小鼠,采用雾化吸入感染装置构建肺结核咯血模型,随机分为2组,分别采用明胶海绵颗粒、壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球进行栓塞止血治疗,治疗后15,30 d,观察体质量变化、止血时间、止血有效率、心肌相关指标及肺结核组织病理变化。结果与结论:(1)壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球组治疗后15 d的体质量高于明胶海绵组(P<0.05);(2)壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球组止血有效率高于明胶海绵组(P<0.05),止血时间短于明胶海绵组(P<0.05);(3)两组N端BNP前体、肌酸激酶同工酶及肌酸激酶水平比较差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);(4)壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球组材料周围淋巴细胞浸润,存在坏死病灶,材料上存在大量活性细胞;明胶海绵颗粒组材料上存在少许淋巴细胞,存在坏死病灶;(5)结果表明,将壳聚糖/α,β-甘油磷酸凝胶微球应用于肺结核小鼠动物模型中可获得更好的止血效果。     

明胶海绵粉末栓塞犬髂内动脉

背景：明胶海绵已成为骶骨肿瘤术前栓塞的首选材料,但针对小颗粒明胶海绵对栓塞效果及栓塞后并发症的影响未见明确报道。 目的：观察小颗粒明胶海绵栓塞犬双侧髂内动脉后手术出血量变化和并发症情况。 方法：用直径为50-150 μm明胶海绵粉末对15只犬行双侧髂内及骶正中动脉栓塞,分别于栓塞后1,2,3 d模拟骶骨肿瘤手术测量出血量变化;病理观察栓塞区膀胱、直肠、臀部肌及坐骨神经变化。 结果与结论：栓塞后第3天出血量高于第1,2天(P < 0.05),栓塞后第1天与第2天出血量差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。在运用直径为50-150 μm明胶海绵粉末栓塞犬双侧髂内及骶正中动脉时,最小动脉是50 μm的微动脉,但主要集中在100-200 μm小动脉,数字减影血管造影下显示栓塞双侧髂内及骶正中动脉近端血管级别为其一级分支,此时犬盆腔脏器组织无明显变化。     

大咯血的急诊栓塞治疗

目的 探讨动脉栓塞在大咯血治疗中的临床意义.方法 对19例大咯血患者进行支气管动脉或/和肋间动脉的栓塞治疗,在造影明确病变血管后,对靶血管进行明胶海绵颗粒或/和弹簧铜圈栓塞.结果 19例患者共栓塞支气管动脉22支,肋间动脉6支.所有病例于栓塞后0.5一1h咯血即停止,即时止血均成功.1月内复发率约为10.5%(2/19).未有截瘫等脊髓动脉栓塞所致严重并发症的发生.结论 动脉栓塞法治疗大咯血并发症少,疗效满意,是一种安全有效的治疗手段.     

介入栓塞术治疗大咯血（附32例分析）

目的研究大咯血的介入栓塞临床价值。方法对32例大咯血患者行介入性胸部支气管动脉及相关动脉造影,用聚乙烯醇颗粒（PVA）或明胶海棉颗粒对出血动脉进行栓塞治疗。结果近期（两周内）成功止血率达100%,2例分别在2周及6个月后复发咯血,再次介入栓塞或外科手术治疗而痊愈。结论介入性栓塞术治疗大咯血是及时有效的抢救患者生命的重要手段。     

骨盆骨折大出血的急诊动脉栓塞治疗

目的探讨急诊应用动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血的临床疗效及方法。方法15例骨盆骨折大出血患者,其中男性9例,女性6例;年龄15-59岁,平均年龄36岁。接诊时处于失血性休克状态,3例由急诊科直接送导管室,12例保守治疗2.0-12.0h,血压不稳定或持续下降而行急诊动脉栓塞术,选择性或超选择性髂内动脉或分支栓塞。栓塞剂取明胶海绵。结果15例栓塞全部成功,立刻止血,血压上升或稳定。结论急诊应用髂内动脉栓塞术治疗骨盆骨折大出血,是一种行之有效、立竿见影的急救止血手段。     

介入栓塞术治疗大咯血(附32例分析)

目的 研究大咯血的介入栓塞临床价值.方法 对32例大咯血患者行介入性胸部支气管动脉及相关动脉造影,用聚乙烯醇颗粒(PVA)或明胶海棉颗粒对出血动脉进行拴塞治疗.结果 近期(两周内)成功止血率达100%,2例分别在2周及6个月后复发咯血.再次介入栓塞或外科手术治疗而痊愈.结论 介入性栓塞术治疗大咯血是及时有效的抢救患者生命的重要手段.     

Radiological Findings and Outcomes of Bronchial Artery Embolization in Cryptogenic Hemoptysis

Management of cryptogenic massive hemoptysis is difficult, and conservative treatment may be inadequate to stop the hemorrhage. Surgery is not a reasonable option because there is no underlying identifiable pathology. This study aimed to investigate the radiologic findings and bronchial artery embolization outcomes in cryptogenic hemoptysis, and to compare the results with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. We evaluated 26 patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis and 152 patients with non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. A comparison of the bronchial artery abnormalities between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups showed that only extravasation was more statistically significant in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group, while the other bronchial artery abnormalities, such as bronchial artery dilatation, hypervascularity, and bronchial-to-pulmonary shunting, showed no significant difference between groups. Involvement of the non-bronchial systemic artery was significantly greater in the non-cryptogenic hemoptysis group than in the cryptogenic hemoptysis group. While 69.2% of patients with cryptogenic hemoptysis also had hypervascularity in the contralateral bronchial arteries and/or ipsilateral bronchial artery branches other than the bleeding lobar branches, this finding was not detected in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Embolization was performed on all patients using polyvinyl alcohol particles of 355-500 µm. Hemoptysis ceased in all patients immediately after embolization. While recurrence of hemoptysis showed no statistically significant difference between the cryptogenic and non-cryptogenic hemoptysis groups, it was mild in cryptogenic hemoptysis in contrast to mostly severe in non-cryptogenic hemoptysis. Transarterial embolization is a safe and effective technique to manage cryptogenic hemoptysis.     

支气管动脉栓塞术治疗大咯血的临床应用研究

目的探讨支气管动脉栓塞术（SBAE）治疗大咯血的安全性和疗效。方法30例大咯血患者行选择性支气管动脉栓塞术，术后随访6～24个月以评价疗效和安全性。结果即时止血成功率为86．6％，近期复发率为6．6％，中远期复发为0，并发症少而轻，对症治疗后缓解。结论选择性支气管动脉栓塞术安全、可靠，成功率高，适应证广，可避免开胸手术，是一种治疗大咯血的理想方法。     

儿童先天性体动脉-肺动脉瘘4例并文献复习

目的总结临床表现为大量咯血的先天性体动脉-肺动脉瘘患儿的临床特点及诊治经验。方法回顾性收集首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院2007年3月至2008年2月诊断为先天性体动脉-肺动脉瘘4例患儿的临床资料,总结其临床表现、胸部X线片、胸部64排CT增强扫描三维容积再现（3D-VR）、数字减影血管造影（DSA）、治疗及随访情况。结果男1例,女3例,最大发病年龄为11岁,最小发病年龄为2个月,主要表现为咯血。1例有杵状指,3例未见特异性体征。胸部X线片检查：3例未见异常,1例示肺间实质浸润。胸部64排CT增强扫描3D-VR检查：1例提示支气管动脉迂曲,但未见异常交通;1例导管栓塞治疗（TCE）后示右侧支气管动脉扩张迂曲,并与肺动脉相通可能性大,考虑支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘;1例提示支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘;1例未见异常。3例DSA提示为支气管动脉-肺动脉瘘,病变部位均位于右下肺,并行TCE。随访至2009年2～5月,1例复发,表现为痰中带血,胸部64排CT增强扫描未见异常,余3例未复发。3例怀疑为遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症（HHT）,1例考虑为HHT高度危险者。结论体动脉-肺动脉瘘可造成大量咯血。胸部X线片一般无特异性表现,胸部64排CT增强扫描3D-VR可显示病变部位,明确诊断需行DSA。可采用TCE治疗。TCE远期效果应进行长期随访予以明确。     

维吾尔族与汉族咯血患者支气管动脉多层螺旋CT影像解剖学对比研究

目的 探讨维吾尔族与汉族咯血患者支气管动脉多层螺旋CT 血管成像(MSCTA)影像解剖学差异。方法 回顾性分析喀什地区第一人民医院2016年1月—2017年12月70例维吾尔族咯血患者(维吾尔族组)和70例汉族咯血患者(汉族组)行支气管动脉MSCTA检查,运用多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)和三维容积重现(VR)等后处理技术显示和观察两组患者支气管动脉的起源、开口位置、分布类型、分型。结果 140例患者CTA显示支气管动脉共371支,其中原位208支(56.06%),异位163支(43.94%);其中70例维吾尔族患者原位支气管动脉占50.84%(90/177)、异位49.16%支(87/177),70例汉族患者原位支气管动脉占60.82%(118/194)、异位39.18%(76 /194),两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ²=3.740, P＞0.05)。两组患者异位支气管起源于主动脉弓、肋间动脉的占比比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=9.861、4.415, P值均＜0.05),原位支气管动脉开口位于降主动脉前、后、左、右侧壁位置组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ²=19.763, P＜0.01)。两组患者支气管动脉发育分型均以Ⅱ型多见,维吾尔族组患者占49.63%(66/133),汉族患者占55.64%(74/133),其次维吾尔族人以Ⅰ型(27.07%、36/133)和Ⅳ型(14.28%、19/133)多见,汉族以Ⅰ型(19.55%、26/133)和Ⅲ型(19.55%、26/133)为主,差异有统计学意义(χ²=12.766, P＜0.01)。结论 支气管动脉系统发育个体差异较大,维吾尔族与汉族咯血患者的支气管动脉起源、开口方位及分型,均存在一定的差异;在支气管动脉栓塞术前行支气管动脉CTA,可为介入治疗提供详尽的三维影像解剖信息,对快速选择责任血管,避免反复插管以缩短造影时间,均有一定指导意义。     

Uterine arterial embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to establish guidelines for using uterine artery embolization for the treatment of uterine leiomyomas accompanied by adenomyosis in Korea. This study was performed to investigate 1) the effects of uterine embolization on leiomyoma accompanied by adenomyosis, 2) the outcome of uterine embolization according to the embolization materials used, 3) the relationship between the Resistance Index (RI) and the change in uterine volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study on 37 women who had uterine leiomyomas accompanied by adenomyosis. Bilateral uterine artery embolization was performed over a period of 17 months in 37 patients (age range 25 - 65) experiencing pain, hypermenorrhea, urinary frequency, etc. due to leiomyomas. Ultrasound imaging was performed before the procedure and at mean 6.9 months after the procedure. RESULTS: All procedures were technically successful. Mean clinical follow-up time was 12.8 months. Minor complications occurred in 82% patients following the procedure. After follow-up imaging, the median uterine volume decreased by 34.4% and the dominant myoma volume decreased by 86%. There was no statistical difference in the uterine volume reduction and the dominant myoma size reduction, whether the occluding agent was polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol plus gelfoam, or gelfoam, and whether the ultrasound measured Resistance Index value before the procedure was low or high. CONCLUSION: Primary candidates for uterine artery embolization include those with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas, who no longer desire fertility, but who wish to avoid surgery or are poor surgical risks. According to the results of our study, adenomyosis should not be considered as a contraindication for uterine artery embolization. However, because little data is available about the subsequent reproductive potential following this procedure, it should not be routinely advocated for infertile women. Further investigation is warranted regarding the choice of occluding agent and the role of the Resistance Index.     

部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压并脾功能亢进

目的：探讨部分脾栓塞术的临床疗效。方法：采用Seldinger技术经股动脉穿刺置入导管至脾动脉，注入明胶海绵颗粒，栓塞脾动脉的部分小分支血管，治疗肝硬化门静脉高压并脾功能亢进患9例。结果：栓塞范围为30％～70％，术后患外周血象明显改善，上消化道再出血间期延长。无严重的并发症发生。结论：部分脾栓塞治疗肝硬化门脉高压并脾功能亢进是安全和有效的。     

支气管动脉超选择性介入治疗中晚期肺癌

目的 探讨支气管动脉超选择性介入化疗及栓塞治疗肺癌的疗效。方法 58例肺癌病人均行支气管动脉超选择性介入化疗栓塞术，观察治疗前后原发癌灶体积及最大直径与垂直直径的变化，比较肺CT影像学改变；观察栓塞剂用量与癌灶体积之间的关系；观察临床病征、介入并发症等情况，并进行分析。结果 支气管动脉超选择性介入化疗栓塞术治疗肺癌疗效显，术后原发癌灶的体积大多有不同程度缩小，肿瘤最大直径与垂直直径乘积缩小，降低50％以上的占89．66％，栓塞剂用量小，介入并发症出现率低，副反应轻。     

Longterm histopathologic follow-up of bronchial arteries after therapeutic embolization with polyvinyl alcohol (Ivalon) in patients with cystic fibrosis

We used light microscopy to examine, at autopsy, bronchial arteries in three patients with cystic fibrosis who died, respectively, 10, 16, and 28 months after bronchial artery embolization with barium sulfate-impregnated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to control hemoptysis. PVA was not identified beyond the midsegmental bronchus in any patient. Persistent focal fibrovascular occlusion was noted in two patients, and recanalized and/or partially obstructed vessels were associated with PVA in all. The histologic reaction to PVA included fibrosis, mild chronic inflammation, localized foreign body reaction, and, in two patients, focal calcification of PVA spicules. Within the inflammatory milieu were numerous macrophages containing BaSO4. Extensive vascular mural destruction and fibrosis associated with PVA were also observed. Both PVA and BaSO4 were also frequently present in the perivascular connective tissue. These findings indicate that, although longterm occlusion persists after therapeutic arterial embolization with PVA, focal recanalization also occurs. The extent of vascular mural injury following PVA embolization in humans has been previously underestimated by animal experiments. Finally, perivascular deposition of PVA represents a common reaction to diverse foreign body emboli in both systemic and pulmonary arteries.