喉癌患者术后行食管癌手术并发食管气管瘘的治疗

<正>食管癌术后并发瘘是较严重且难治的并发症,尤其是食管气管瘘的治疗更困难。大多数患者会因感染、中毒及衰竭而死亡,少数患者度过急性期进入慢性期,极少数患者可以治愈。2013年12月我院1例喉癌患者术后3年患食管癌行手术治疗并发食管气管瘘,经治疗效果满意,现报告如下。1资料与方法患者,男,70岁,3年前因早期喉癌行手术切除治疗,术后长期声音嘶哑。本次因进行性吞咽困难2个月入院。胃镜检     

纤维支气管镜下带囊支架置入术治疗儿童气管狭窄2例

目的通过纤维支气管镜下带囊支架置入术治疗儿童气管狭窄,观察近期疗效和并发症。方法例1,女,4月龄,因＂发现心脏杂音3个月余,咳嗽10 d渐加重,伴发热、喘息3 d＂入院,诊断为膜周部＋肌部室间隔缺损,房间隔缺损（继发孔型）,肺动脉高压,主气道下段及左右主支气管变形狭窄。行肺动脉环缩术,房间隔、室间隔缺损修补术＋主动脉悬吊术成功后,术后2个月内3次撤离呼吸机均未成功。例2,女,1岁10个月,因＂咳嗽1个月余＂入院,诊断为左主支气管狭窄,EBV相关性噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增生症。左侧支气管狭窄致使排痰困难,肺部反复感染,左肺气肿。2例患儿家长在充分了解纤维支气管镜下带囊支架置入术可能的风险后签署知情同意书。采用＂边麻边进＂方法行气道黏膜表面麻醉,例1和例2选择带囊支架长度分别为24和29 mm,直径均为4 mm（均经雷帕霉素处理）,由支架导入器送入纤维支气管镜,在纤维支气管镜直视下释放带囊支架,然后退出支架导入器。结果 2例患儿置入带囊支架后狭窄段气管扩张良好,带囊支架放置2~3个月随访,未见肉芽组织增生等并发症。结论纤维支气管镜下带囊支架置入术治疗气管狭窄近期疗效较好,远期疗效尚待观察。     

金属带膜支架治疗恶性食管支气管瘘的临床研究

食管气管瘘多因食管癌溃疡穿通或放疗损伤所致，一旦发生，预后极差，死亡率高。以往采用手术修补或保守治疗效果均较差。随着介入放射学的发展，金属支架治疗食管病变日益广泛，我院应用金属带膜支架治疗食管支气管瘘24例，报告如下。     

食管内放射支架治疗食管癌狭窄31例的疗效观察

目的观察食管内放射支架治疗食管癌狭窄的疗效。方法对31例不同程度的食管癌狭窄患者,进行食管内放射支架治疗。结果所有患者取得较好疗效。结论食管内放射支架治疗食管癌狭窄的一种有效方法。     

恶性食管癌并发气管瘘成功置入食道近端覆膜支架一例

我院消化科于2002年11月成功地置入食道近端覆膜支架,解决了1例恶性食管癌合并气管瘘患者的进食问题,系重庆市首例,现报告如下。 1 临床资料 病例,男,51岁,于2002年5月无明显诱因出现吞咽梗阻,进普通饮食出现梗阻感,以第一口干饭时明显,偶感胸骨后胀痛不适。来院应诊后确诊为食管中段癌伴狭窄,在肿瘤科多次行化、放疗后感吞咽梗阻有所缓解,此次入院前半月患者出现     

“双管法”镍钛记忆合金支架置入术治疗气管狭窄和气管瘘的临床应用

目的 探讨在局麻和数字减影血管造影机(DSA)监视下应用“双管法”置入镍钛记忆合金支架急诊治疗气管良恶性狭窄和气管瘘的疗效.方法 回顾性分析2003-2011年间,在DSA监视和咽喉、气管局麻下,先经鼻或气管瘘口留置通气导管,予以2～4 L/min流量供氧,再经气管置入不同类型镍钛记忆合金气管支架的25个典型病例.结果 25例患者行镍钛记忆合金支架均成功,共置入一体式倒Y型支架2枚,“子弹头”覆膜支架1枚,管状覆膜支架5枚,管状裸支架20枚.所有患者术后呼吸困难明显改善,气促评级由Ⅲ～Ⅳ级改善为0～Ⅰ级,氧饱和度(SPO2)由高流量吸氧时的(73.24±3.07)％提高至自然呼吸时的(92.55±3.08)％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在局麻和DSA下,采用“双管法”置入镍钛记忆合金气管支架,是一种安全,有效的治疗方法,操作简单,具有一定的临床应用价值.     

镍钛记忆合金网状支架植入治疗喉气管狭窄

目的探讨镍钛记忆合金网状支架在喉气管狭窄的治疗及颈段气管重建术中的作用。方法回顾分析6例喉气管狭窄病例用镍钛记忆合金网状支架治疗及2例颈段气管肿瘤行气管切除术后用镍钛网状支架重建气管的临床资料。结果6例喉气管狭窄患者安放网状支架后,均呼吸畅顺,2例行颈段气管重建术的患者同样获良好疗效。随访1～18个月,呼吸道无狭窄征。近期有效率100%。结论镍钛记忆合金网状支架可使狭窄的喉气管迅速扩张,明显地改善呼吸困难,具有使用方便、见效快、疗效可靠的优点熏可作为喉气管狭窄的常规治疗手段之一熏在颈段气管重建术中也有独特的应用效果。     

晚期食管癌患者食管内支架置入术的整体护理

目的：初步探讨整体护理对晚期食管癌患者食管内支架置入术后患者的临床效果。方法采用回顾性研究的方法,回顾2013年6月~2014年6月成功为20例晚期食管Ca患者在胃镜下行食管支架置入术后的整体护理。结果20例患者全部置入成功,术后2h可进流食,术后2w再进行吞咽苦难分级。未发生大出血穿孔等近期并发症,随访6~12个月,均未发生支架变形、移位及食物嵌塞等远期并发症。结论通过全方位的整体护理,晚期食管癌患者食管内支架置入术后能有效防治可能发生的并发症,值得推广应用。     

特殊形态气道支架的个体化设计和临床应用

目的 探讨特殊形态气道支架的个体化设计及治疗气道狭窄和瘘的可行性及临床疗效.方法 20例气道狭窄或气道瘘患者,其中男性13例,女性7例;年龄37～78岁.平均年龄65.3岁.根据患者不同病变特点和影像学测量,设计个体化特殊形态气道支架.在X射线监视下,置入特殊形态气道支架20枚(L型8枚,倒Y型12枚).结果 1例倒Y...     

Paclitaxel or 5-fluorouracil/esophageal stent combinations as a novel approach for the treatment of esophageal cancer

Currently, esophageal cancer is rarely curable, and herein, a paclitaxel or 5-fluorouracil/esophageal stent combination (PTX or 5-FU/stent) was used to provide a new approach to treat this cancer. The PTX or 5-FU/stent was prepared by covering a nitinol stent with a bilayered polymer film that consisted of a layer of 50% PTX or 5-FU and a layer of drug-free backing. These treatment modalities were evaluated in vivo after implantation into the porcine esophagus. The percentages of the drugs that permeated from the backing layer over a period of 95 days were very small (0.61% for 5-FU), and an overwhelming majority of the PTX and the 5-FU was released from the other side of the film. During the follow-up period (120 days), the drug/stent was always maintained in the porcine esophagus, and did not show any obvious systemic or local toxicities. In contrast, this treatment had an effect on the inhibition of tissue proliferation and ulceration. In addition, the drug concentrations were highest in the esophagus compared with in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and blood (81500.0 ± 9475.2 ng/g vs. 3.9 ± 0.3 ng/mL of PTX in the plasma at 13 days). The PTX/stent and the 5-FU/stent have a dual function as both a stent and a local drug delivery device, which provides a potential treatment modality with high efficacy and non systematic toxicity for esophageal cancer.     

A potential treatment option for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: Three cases

ObjectiveRecent progress in targeted therapy and immunotherapy has reduced the mortality of advanced-stage patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite advances in treatment, only some patients are eligible for and benefit from genome-targeted therapy, while few patients are ineligible for genome-driven therapy or have limited treatment options due to performance status, comorbidity, and adverse events or rejection of chemotherapy.Clinical features and outcomesWe report the cases of three patients with advanced NSCLC who were not available to continue conventional anticancer therapy, who were able to maintain progression-free survival (PFS) or disease-free survival (DFS), and who have shown symptom amelioration after treatment with herbal Medicine. Patients were managed only with herbal medicines according to their disease status and symptoms, without conventional anticancer therapy. Two patients with metastatic NSCLC maintained PFS for 19 and 20 months after the discontinuation of chemotherapy, respectively. A patient with locally advanced NSCLC showed no evidence of recurrence for more than 5 years despite an increase in squamous cell carcinoma antigens. These patients had considerable clinical outcomes to maintain relatively long PFS and DFS.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential treatment option of herbal medicine in inhibiting tumor progression and prolonging PFS and DFS in patients with advanced NSCLC.     

腹腔镜辅助下进展期胃癌根治术16例临床分析

目的探讨腹腔镜辅助下进展期胃癌根治术的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析我院自2009年12月至2010年8月16例腹腔镜辅助下实施进展期胃癌根治术患者的临床资料,其中全胃切除2例、近端胃癌根治8例、远端胃癌根治6例。结果 16例患者顺利完成腹腔镜胃癌根治术,无中转开腹病例。平均手术时间为全胃切除280（230~310）min,近端胃癌根治246（210~276）min,远端胃癌根治230（200~256）min。术中平均出血量为全胃切除280（260~300）mL,近端胃癌根治110（60~180）mL,远端胃癌根治120（70~200）mL。切口长度为5~7 cm。术后患者肛门排气平均3.5（2~4）d,下床活动时间平均为3.5（2~4）d,所有患者随访1~8个月,术后近期恢复良好,无近期并发症,无肿瘤的局部复发,无Trocar种植。结论腹腔镜辅助下行胃癌根治术具有较好的安全性及可靠性,微创手术在胃癌根治中的应用是可行的。     

阿帕替尼治疗53例晚期原发性肝癌的疗效

目的:探讨阿帕替尼治疗晚期原发性肝癌的疗效及安全性.方法:回顾性分析经过多程治疗后晚期原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer,PLC)53例,每天给予阿帕替尼250,500,850 mg口服治疗,直至肿瘤进展或者不能耐受.随访时间21个月,评估疗效并观察药物毒副作用.结果:本组53例患者均能进行疗效评价.客观缓解率(objective response rate,ORR)为18.86%,疾病控制率(disease control rate,DCR)为56.6%,中位无进展生存时间(median progress-free survival,mPFS)为3.65个月.不良反应主要为高血压、手足综合征、蛋白尿、疲乏等,多数为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,多数患者能够能耐受.结论:阿帕替尼对晚期原发肝癌安全、有效,且不良反应多能耐受.     

A 5-fluorouracil-loaded polydioxanone weft-knitted stent for the treatment of colorectal cancer

In-stents restenosis caused by tumour ingrowth is a major problem for patients undergoing stent displacement because the conventional stents often lack a sustained anti-tumour capability. The aim of this paper was to develop a weft-knitted polydioxanone stent which can slow release 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In order to determine the most suitable drug concentration, the 5-FU safe concentration in vivo and appropriate loading percentage in the membranes were investigated, and then 5-FU-loaded poly-l-lactide membranes at concentration of 3.2%, 6.4% and 12.8% were coated onto the stent using electro-spinning method, respectively. The morphology, chemical structure and in vitro drug release property of the coating membranes were subsequently examined. Their anti-tumour activity and mechanism were assessed in vitro and in vivo using a human colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116 and tumour-bearing BALB/c nude mice. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) and the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) demonstrated that the 6.4% and 12.8% membranes had better anti-tumour effects than pure 5-FU due to the sustainable drug releasing property of the coated membranes on the stent. The membranes possessing appropriate drug loading doses, such as 6.4% or 12.8% also provided better anti-in-stents restenosis effects than other groups tested. Therefore, it is concluded that the drug-loaded stents have great potential for the use in the treatment of intestinal cancers in the future.     

奈达铂联合多西他赛治疗晚期食道癌的临床观察

目的：观察奈达铂联合多西他赛治疗晚期食道癌的近期疗效及不良反应。方法：将80例晚期食道癌患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例,治疗组：采用奈达铂联合多西他赛治疗,其中奈达铂25mg／（m2·d）第1～3天给予;对照组：采用顺铂联合多西他赛治疗,其中顺铂25mg／（m2·d）第1～3天给予,两组均在第1天给予多西他赛75mg／m2,21天为1个周期。化疗2个周期后按WHO标准评价疗效及毒副作用。结果：治疗组完全缓解2例,部分缓解14例,稳定18例,进展6例,有效率为40．0％（16／40）;对照组完全缓解2例,部分缓解16例,稳定16例,进展6例,有效率45．0％（18／40）,两组有效率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。治疗组和对照组消化道不良反应分别为10．0％和30．0％;肾毒性分别为0和15．0％,血小板下降分别为30．0％和5．0％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;白细胞减少分别为70．0％和65．0％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：奈达铂联合多西他赛方案与顺铂联合多西他赛方案治疗晚期食道癌的疗效相近,在毒副作用方面多西他赛联合奈达铂方案耐受性良好,具有优势。     

607例晚期血吸虫病人的救治效果分析

目的通过对江西省上饶县晚期血吸虫病人医疗救治项目实施情况进行分析,为进一步加强晚期血吸虫医疗救助项目的管理提供科学依据。方法采用《江西省晚期血吸虫病人治疗救助信息管理系统》,对2005～2009年接受医疗救助的607例晚期血吸虫病人的相关资料进行分析。结果607例晚期血吸虫病人中,男性占62．6％,女性占37．4％,50岁以上患者占83％。其中腹水型病人551例,占9018％,救治1252例次,人均治疗2．3次;巨脾型病人56例,占9．2％,救治56例次,治疗次数均为1次。临床治愈及好转患者占89．O％。结论上饶县晚期血吸虫医疗救助项目取得良好社会效益。达到了症状改善,病情好转的基本救治目的。     

紫杉醇顺铂方案联合自体CIK细胞输注治疗晚期食道癌的临床分析

目的:晚期食道癌的的治疗以化疗为主,紫杉醇顺铂方案治疗晚期食道癌因疗效确定,在临床应用日益推广。自体CIK细胞治疗晚期恶性肿瘤能起到延缓或阻止肿瘤的转移与复发,并可提高晚期食道癌患者的细胞免疫功能及改善生活质量等综合作用。本组应用紫杉醇顺铂方案联合自体CIK细胞输注治疗晚期食道癌患者,旨在探讨采用自体CIK细胞输注同步化疗的综合治疗方法,是否能提高晚期食道癌的临床疗效。方法:本科自2008年1月至2010年1月共入选59例患者。均为Ⅳ期食道癌病人。化疗方案剂量及方法设定:自体CIK治疗操作流程:采血前一天需对患者进行血常规检测,对于白细胞数低于8×109L-1的患者应于采血前24小时注射1～2支集落刺激因子。采血前急查血常规,确认患者白细胞数达到或高于8×109L-1时方可采血,采集患者静脉血50 ml。培养至14天左右细胞成熟,经检验科和实验室测量CIK细胞数量达1×109～11L-1时,对细胞培养物进行无菌检测,当检验科和实验室自身均检测无菌后,安排进行回输。自体CIK细胞输注+紫杉醇顺铂方案治疗组:Cik采血,d1,紫杉醇PTX 175 mg/m2,d2,顺铂DDP 20 mg/m2,静滴d3-7,紫杉醇使用前严格按照说明书进行预处理。CIK回输:d14。21天为1个周期,2个周期后评价疗效。结果:全组59例患者总有效率为32.2%(19/59),其中完全缓解率为1.7%(1/59),部分缓解率为30.5%(18/59),稳定52.5%(31/59),进展15.2%(9/59)。中位进展时间7.6个月,中位生存时间11.7个月。主要毒性反应为外周血细胞下降、脱发及外周神经毒性。结论:应用紫杉醇顺铂方案联合自体CIK细胞输注治疗Ⅳ期食道癌,疗效突出,毒性反应轻微,治疗顺应性好,提高了患者的生存质量,值得进一步推广。     

中晚期食管癌患者经艾迪注射液联合放化疗治疗的临床疗效研究

目的：研究分析中晚期食管癌患者经艾迪注射液联合放化疗治疗的临床疗效。方法：选取在我院治疗的中晚期食管癌患者92例(2013年9月到2015年9月)。将其动态随机化分2组,研究组和对照组各46例。对照组患者给予同步放化疗治疗,研究组患者在同步放化疗的基础上联合使用艾迪注射液治疗,对比两组患者的临床疗效、生活质量与免疫变化情况。结果：研究组患者的总缓解率为80.43%、提高稳定率达到了76.09%,治疗后CD3+T细胞76.16%±6.61%、CD4+T细胞35.71%±4.33%、CD8+T细胞36.27%±9.13%,与对照组比较均有明显优势,P<0.05。结论：采用艾迪注射液与放化疗结合的方式对中晚期食管癌患者进行治疗的效果显著,可以广泛应用于临床上。