一种新型小鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型的制作及评估

背景：目前有关小鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型有多次剂量注射雨蛙素法、高剂量L-精氨酸诱导法和胆碱缺乏食物喂养等,但有各自应用的局限性,不能较为广泛使用。 目的：探索并建立一种新型小鼠重症急性胰腺炎动物模型。 方法：雄性ICR小鼠40只随机分成2组,假手术组小鼠仅行开腹和关腹,模型组小鼠直视下逆行胆胰管注射30 g/L牛黄胆酸钠建立重症急性胰腺炎模型。所有小鼠在注射后6,12,24,48 h麻醉下处死进行指标检测。 结果与结论：各时间点模型组血清淀粉酶、谷丙转氨酶、血肌酐及乳酸脱氢酶均显著高于假手术组(P < 0.05),胰腺组织病理评分(水肿,炎性细胞浸润,坏死)显著高于假手术组(P < 0.05),伴有肺组织病理轻度改变。结果表明,在直视下逆行注射牛黄胆酸钠诱发小鼠重症急性胰腺炎模型,具有快捷,可重复性好而又稳定的优点,且符合临床病变特征。     

重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肾上腺病理及超微结构变化

目的:观察重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肾上腺皮质的病理和超微结构变化。方法:采用5%牛磺胆酸钠逆行胰管注射法建立SAP模型,分别于术后3、12、24h测定血淀粉酶,观察胰腺、肾上腺皮质病理变化,透射电镜观察12h肾上腺皮质束状带细胞超微结构。结果:SAP造模成功后,血淀粉酶、胰腺病理评分进行性升高。3h时肉眼见肾上腺包膜轻度水肿,并逐渐加重,24h最为明显;3h肾上腺组织出现血窦扩张,12h可见肾上腺组织水肿、腺体结构轻度破坏、少量炎性细胞浸润,24h肾上腺皮质部分细胞变性及出血性坏死,腺体结构破坏严重;12hSAP大鼠肾上腺皮质束状带细胞超微结构损伤和分泌功能降低等改变。结论:随着SAP病情进展,肾上腺组织病理及超微结构损害加重。肾上腺功能减退可能与其病理、超微结构损伤有关。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对急性胰腺炎模型大鼠的保护作用

背景：急性胰腺炎是由胰腺腺泡细胞损伤介导的常见炎性疾病,白细胞浸润是其主要的发病特征。近来发现N-乙酰半胱氨酸能够控制白细胞游走并在一些严重的炎症疾病中发挥调节炎症反应的作用。 目的：观察N-乙酰半胱氨酸在体内对牛黄胆酸盐诱导的急性胰腺炎大鼠模型的保护作用。 方法：90只SD大鼠随机等分为正常对照组、急性胰腺炎组和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组,后2组以十二指肠大乳头逆行注射牛黄胆酸盐制备急性大鼠胰腺炎模型。N-乙酰半胱氨酸组大鼠由尾静脉给予N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗。 结果与结论：急性胰腺炎模型诱导后大鼠血浆淀粉酶活性较正常对照组大鼠显著升高(P < 0.05)。急性胰腺炎组白细胞介素1β,6,10和肿瘤坏死因子α表达水平明显高于正常对照组(P < 0.05)。免疫荧光化学显示N-乙酰半胱氨酸主要表达在胰岛细胞上,急性胰腺炎组织N-乙酰半胱氨酸的表达从mRNA水平到蛋白水平都明显低于正常组织。N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗显著降低了大鼠血清淀粉酶水平,髓过氧化物酶活性以及促炎性细胞因子产物生产和胰腺及肺组织损伤,但N-乙酰半胱氨酸治疗并没有明显抑制胰腺组织核因子κB的激活。提示N-乙酰半胱氨酸能改善急性胰腺炎大鼠胰腺和肺脏的组织损伤,并发挥抗炎症的作用。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗重症急性胰腺炎相关肺损伤

背景：目前骨髓间充质干细胞移植治疗各种炎症性疾病研究甚多,但在重症急性胰腺炎相关器官损伤干预方面研究甚少。 目的：观察同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植对重症急性胰腺炎相关肺损伤大鼠的干预作用。 方法：采用全骨髓差异贴壁法培养获得骨髓间充质干细胞。100只SD大鼠随机取32只为假手术组,仅翻动轻柔胰腺;另68只制作重症急性胰腺炎肺损伤动物模型,并分为干预组和对照组,每组再分为4个时间点。分别经尾静脉注入1×10⁹ L^-1浓度骨髓间充质干细胞悬液和同体积生理盐水。干预组每个时间点随机取1只注射CM-DiI标记的骨髓间充质干细胞悬液用于细胞示踪研究。 结果与结论：逆行胆胰管注射建模能早期诱发重症急性胰腺炎及相关肺损伤,炎症因子及E-选择素表达明显增高,并且胰腺和肺的损伤程度随时间延长而加重;移植荧光标记的干细胞后肺组织可见红色荧光出现,并随时间增长而增多;干预组肺组织损伤情况均较对照组各时间点减轻,血清淀粉酶及炎症递质肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β较对照组各时间点下降。干预组肺组织中E-选择素表达较对照组下降。提示同种异体骨髓间充质干细胞移植能有效保护肺血管内皮细胞,减轻重症急性胰腺炎相关肺损伤。     

胶原诱导性关节炎模型大鼠炎性细胞因子表达及白喉乌头的影响

背景：目前治疗类风湿关节炎主要的药物有慢作用抗风湿药、生物制剂及植物药物,植物药因价格便宜、不良反应小而越来越受到瞩目。 目的：观察胶原诱导性关节炎模型大鼠滑膜中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β表达及白喉乌头对其表达的影响。 方法：将45只大鼠随机分为正常对照组8只、造模组37只,造模组于大鼠足跖及尾根部多点皮内注射牛Ⅱ型胶原乳剂建立胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠模型。造模成功后,随机选取24只造模成功大鼠进行后续实验,将其随机分为模型组、雷公藤组和白喉乌头组,每组各8只,每周对3个造模后干预组和正常对照组共4组大鼠进行关节炎评分。经过灌胃给药治疗4周后,通过免疫组织化学染色检测肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β在滑膜中的表达。 结果与结论：与模型组比较,治疗后白喉乌头组、雷公藤组关节炎评分明显降低(P < 0.05)。肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β在模型组滑膜中表达明显高于正常对照组(P < 0.05),在白喉乌头组、雷公藤组中表达低于模型组(P < 0.05)。结果证实,白喉乌头治疗类风湿关节炎的机制可能与其抑制肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β表达有关。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程全文链接：     

内皮祖细胞移植对肺损伤炎症状态的影响

背景：内皮祖细胞在维持内皮系统功能及血管损伤后的修复中起重要作用,已广泛应用到心血管、下肢缺血、血管修复等多种疾病,但在炎症疾病及肺损伤中的研究较少。 目的：观察内皮祖细胞移植对急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征肿瘤坏死因子α及白细胞介素10的影响,探讨细胞移植能否改善急性肺损伤/急性呼吸窘迫综合征的炎症状态。 方法：同遗传背景SD大鼠30只随机均分为正常对照组、肺损伤组、细胞移植组。采用密度梯度离心法分离、培养SD大鼠的骨髓内皮祖细胞。肺损伤组、细胞移植组大鼠经尾静脉注射脂多糖建立急性肺损伤模型;正常对照组仅给予等量的磷酸盐缓冲溶液。造模半小时后,正常对照组、细胞移植组大鼠经尾静脉注入内皮祖细胞悬液;肺损伤组大鼠同法注入等量的磷酸盐缓冲溶液。 结果与结论：与肺损伤组相比,细胞移植组中白细胞介素10的水平显著增加(P < 0.001),肿瘤坏死因子α的表达下调,但差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。细胞移植促进白细胞介素10的表达,下调肿瘤坏死因子α的表达,能改善损伤肺组织的炎症状态。     

复合组织及血清肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素10表达与大鼠喉移植急性排斥反应的相关性

背景：喉移植后致炎细胞因子(肿瘤坏死因子α、γ-干扰素等)和抗炎细胞因子(白细胞介素10、白细胞介素4等)之间的相互作用会发生哪些变化呢？ 目的：观察肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素10在大鼠喉移植急性排斥反应期移植喉组织的不同部位和血清中的表达变化,评价其血清水平在预测急性排斥反应中的作用。 方法：进行Wistar→SD大鼠喉移植,移植后依照注射环孢霉素A剂量不同随机分为3组：0 mg组、5 mg组及10 mg组,以未进行喉移植的SD大鼠为正常对照组。 结果与结论：各组移植后第3,7,11天肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素10血清浓度的变化与移植后各相应时间点黏膜上皮及黏膜下层组织中其表达水平的变化均呈正相关。提示,供体喉的高抗原性主要集中于喉的黏膜上皮层及黏膜下层组织;血清肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素10的浓度可以作为预测喉移植术后急性排斥反应的指标。     

人脐带间充质干细胞移植治疗大鼠急性肺损伤

背景：间充质干细胞具有免疫调节特性,脐带间充质干细胞因其特有的优势,将在急性肺损伤和急性呼吸窘迫综合征的临床应用中有着光明的前景。 目的：探讨脐带间充质干细胞移植对内毒素性大鼠急性肺损伤模型的保护作用。 方法：将48只健康雄性SD大鼠随机均分为正常对照组、急性肺损伤组和脐带间充质干细胞移植组。后两组采用经气管内滴注内毒素建立急性肺损伤模型。成功造模1 h后,脐带间充质干细胞移植组,经气管内滴注脐带间充质干细胞混悬液,正常对照组和急性肺损伤组同法予以等量生理盐水。分别在干预后24,72 h,观察肺组织病理改变,检测病理组织评分、肺组织干湿质量比、髓过氧化物酶活性及血浆白细胞介素6、白细胞介素10及肿瘤坏死因子α水平。 结果与结论：脐带间充质干细胞移植可以减轻内毒素诱导的急性肺损伤模型的损伤程度;脐带间充质干细胞移植组在各时间点与急性肺损伤组比较,病理损伤评分、肺干湿质量比、肺组织髓过氧化物酶活性、血浆白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α水平均明显降低,血浆白细胞介素10水平明显升高。说明脐带间充质干细胞对内毒素性急性肺损伤模型有保护作用;其保护机制可能为脐带间充质干细胞移植维持肺内炎性递质和抗炎递质平衡。     

骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植脊髓损伤大鼠肿瘤坏死因子α及 白细胞介素1β的表达

背景：研究认为间充质干细胞的营养支持在脊髓损伤治疗中起了主要作用,其同损伤宿主神经组织间的相互作用可导致一些不利于损伤修复的炎症因子表达减少。 目的：观察大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植对脊髓损伤后肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β 表达的影响。 方法：运用改良Allen法制备大鼠T10脊髓外伤性截瘫模型,随机分为对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组,设未损伤脊髓的假手术组做对照。骨髓间充质干细胞移植组、假手术组均接受大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉注射移植,对照组静脉注射等量PBS。 结果与结论：对照组和骨髓间充质干细胞移植组损伤脊髓肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达较假手术组有明显增加(P < 0.05);骨髓间充质干细胞移植组与对照组比较, 肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β蛋白表达受到明显抑制(P < 0.05)。提示大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植后能使损伤脊髓局部的肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1β表达程度降低。这可能是改变脊髓损伤区的微环境,减少脊髓继发性损伤,促进损伤大鼠运动功能恢复的机制之一。     

维药买朱尼对关节软骨前炎性因子的影响

背景：骨关节炎病理过程中,白细胞介素1β被认为是促进软骨基质降解和关节软骨破坏的最重要的细胞因之一。 目的：观察白细胞介素1β在关节软骨中的表达,并观察维药买朱尼对其的影响。 方法：将40只SD大鼠随机数字表法随机等分为模型对照组、维药买朱尼组、假手术组、正常对照组。模型对照组和维药买朱尼组采用改良Hulth造模法建立大鼠膝骨关节炎模型,假手术组仅显露膝关节,不切断韧带,不切除内侧半月板。维药买朱尼组建模第2周开始灌胃维药买朱尼10.31 mg/(kg•d),模型组及假手术组大鼠均灌服等量生理盐水,连续4周。 结果与结论：模型组软骨退变程度明显重于维药买朱尼组,模型组软骨大体评分及Mankin评分均明显高于维药买朱尼组(P < 0.05),模型组软骨细胞白细胞介素1β的表达强度亦明显高于维药买朱尼组(P < 0.05)。与正常对照组比较,假手术组软骨大体评分、Mankin评分及软骨细胞白细胞介素1β差异无显著性意义 (P > 0.05)。结果说明,维药买朱尼可以抑制关节软骨前炎性因子白细胞介素1β的表达。     

黄芪甲苷通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路减轻重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝损伤

目的:探讨黄芪甲苷对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠相关急性肝损伤的影响及作用机理。方法:将96只健康SD大鼠随机分成假手术组、模型组(SAP组)、黄芪甲苷治疗组和AG490干预组,每组24只。对大鼠采用逆行胰胆管注射5%牛磺胆酸钠(1 m L/kg)建立SAP模型。黄芪甲苷治疗组和AG490干预组大鼠于造模前2 h分别腹腔注射20 mg/kg黄芪甲苷和8.0 mg/kg AG490,假手术组和模型组各自注射对应量的0.9%生理盐水。处理结束后每组分别于12 h、18 h和24 h各组随机取8只大鼠检测其腹水量,下腔静脉穿刺采血检测血淀粉酶(AMY)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)水平,酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法检测血清中TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平。HE染色观察各组大鼠肝脏组织病理变化。Western blot检测各组大鼠肝脏组织中p-JAK2和p-STAT3的蛋白水平。结果:各时点模型组大鼠腹水量和血清中AMY、ALT、AST以及IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平明显高于假手术组,黄芪甲苷和AG490干预组大鼠这些指标明显低于模型组。同时,模型组大鼠与假手术组相比,p-JAK2和p-STAT3的蛋白水平明显上调。黄芪甲苷和AG490预处理则明显改善大鼠肝损伤,并抑制JAK2和STAT3的磷酸化水平。结论:黄芪甲苷能够通过抑制JAK2/STAT3信号通路的活化从而减轻重症急性胰腺炎大鼠急性肝损伤。     

生长抑素联合大柴胡汤对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠的作用

目的:建立重症急性胰腺炎大鼠模型,研究生长抑素(奥曲肽)联合大柴胡汤对急性重症胰腺炎的作用及初步机制。方法:50只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、奥曲肽组、大柴胡汤组与联合组,经相应处理后记录腹水量,测定血清中淀粉酶(amylase,AMY)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)和肌酐(creatinine,Cr)的水平,HE染色后观察胰腺组织形态,Western blot检测胰腺细胞核中NF-κB与细胞中IκBα的蛋白表达水平,qPCR检测胰腺细胞中ICAM-1与IL-1的mRNA表达水平。结果:生长抑素联合大柴胡汤能有效降低重症急性胰腺炎大鼠的腹水量以及血清中AMY、ALT和Cr的水平;重症急性胰腺炎可导致胰腺细胞核NF-κB蛋白表达升高,IκBα蛋白表达降低,ICAM-1和IL-1 mRNA表达升高。生长抑素联合大柴胡汤可逆转这些改变。结论:生长抑素联合大柴胡汤可以减轻大鼠的急性重症胰腺炎,其机制可能与抑制NF-κB信号通路以及ICAM-1和IL-1表达有关。     

The free radical scavenger edaravone suppresses experimental closed duodenal loop-induced acute pancreatitis in rats

Recent studies suggest that the enhanced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of clinical acute pancreatitis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of the free radical scavenger edaravone, which is used clinically as an anti-stroke agent, in the development of experimental closed duodenal loop (CDL)-induced acute pancreatitis. In the CDL-pancreatitis model, after edaravone and vehicle saline were injected intravenously, pancreatitis was induced for 7 h by the CDL technique. The subsequent ascites volume, wet pancreatic weight, serum amylase levels, and pancreatic tissue lipid peroxide levels were evaluated. Pancreatic tissue damage was also evaluated histologically. In this CDL-induced pancreatitis model, edaravone treatment tended to reduce the ascites volume and inhibit the increases in the wet pancreatic weight. Edaravone also tended to reduced the microscopic mucosal damage scores and pancreatic tissue lipid peroxide levels. In particular, the serum amylase levels in the edaravone-treated rats (1-20 mg/kg i.v.) were significantly reduced as compared to the vehicle-treated rats. These results strongly support the involvement of ROS in the pathogenesis of CDL-induced acute pancreatitis and cytoprotective effects of free radical scavender against pancreatic acinar cells. A clinical effect for edaravone against acute pancreatitis is strongly expected.     

Effect of Emodin on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Rats with Severe Acute Pancreatitis

This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of emodin on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and the underlying molecular mechanism. Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, SAP model group, and emodin treatment group. SAP was constructed through injecting sodium taurocholate into pancreatic and biliary duct in rats. Half an hour before establishing the animal model, emodin or sodium carboxymethylcellulose was intragastrically administrated to the rats in respective group. Rats were killed at 3, 6, and 12 h postdisease induction. The amylase, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in serum, pancreatic histopathology, acinar ER ultrastructure, protein expression of Bip, IRE1α,TRAF2, ASK1, p-JNK, and p-p38 MAPK in pancreas were examined. Sodium taurocholate induced pancreatic injury and ER lumen dilated in exocrine pancreas in rats at 3-, 6-, and 12-h time points. ER stress transducers Bip, IRE1α, and their downstream molecules TRAF2, ASK1 in pancreatitis were upregulated. Furthermore, phosphorylation of JNK and p38MAPK in pancreas was increased, which induced high expression level of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6. Treatment with emodin obviously ameliorated pancreatic injury and decreased the release of amylase and inflammatory cytokines. Further studies showed that emodin significantly decreased the expression of Bip, IRE1α, TRAF2, and ASK1, inhibited phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK in pancreas in rats at all time points. Emodin could reduce pancreatic injury and restrain inflammatory reaction in SAP rats partly via inhibiting ER stress transducers IRE1α and its downstream molecules.     

花姜酮对重症急性胰腺炎大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨花姜酮对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)大鼠肝损伤的保护作用。方法:70只Wistar大鼠随机分为4组:正常对照组(SO组,n=10);重症急性胰腺炎组(SAP组,n=40);花姜酮(ZER)预处理组(ZER组,n=10),ZER药物对照组(ZER-CON,n=10)。其中SAP组又分为造模1h、3h、6h、12h四个时间亚组(n均=10)。SAP组及ZER组大鼠采用胆胰管逆行注射5%硫磺胆酸钠(STC)溶液(1ml/100Kg)造模;SO组及ZER-CON组则向胆胰管注入等量生理盐水。ZER组及ZER-CON组于造模前30min由股静脉注射10mg/Kg的ZER溶液。比较各组大鼠于造模12h死亡情况、腹水量、血清淀粉酶(AMY)、磷脂酶(PLA2)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)水平以及胰腺肝脏组织病理学评分(分级)。结果:ZER-CON组大鼠死亡率、腹水量、AMY、PLA2、ALT、AST水平以及胰腺和肝脏组织病理学评分(分级)与SO组比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。SAP组上述指标明显高于SO组,差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。ZER组上述指标与SAP组相比明显降低(均P0.05),但均高于SO组和ZER CON组(P0.05)。结论:ZER对SAP大鼠肝脏损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

Effects of the Celecoxib on the Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis in Rats

The investigation of the effects of the celecoxib as a cylooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor on the course of the acute necrotising pancreatitis (ANP) in rats. ANP was induced in 72 rats by standardized intraductal glycodeoxycholic acid infusion and intravenous cerulein infusion. The rats were divided into four groups (six rats in each group): Sham + saline, sham + celecoxib, ANP + saline, ANP + celecoxib. Six hours later after the ANP induction, celecoxib (10 mg/kg) or saline was given i.p. In the 12th hour, routine cardiorespiratuar, renal parameters were monitored to assess the organ function. The serum amylase, alanine amino transferase (ALT), interleukin 6 (IL-6), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, the serum concentration of the urea, the tissue activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreas and lungs were measured. The pancreas histology was examined. In the second part of the study, 48 rats were studied in four groups similar to the first part. Survival of all the rats after the induction of ANP was observed for 24 h. The induction of the pancreatitis increased the mortality from 0/12, in the sham groups to 4/12 (30%) in the acute pancreatitis with saline group, 5/12 (42%) in the acute pancreatitis with celecoxib group respectively, heart rate, the serum activities of amylase, ALT, the tissue activities of MPO, MDA in the pancreas and lung, and LDH in BAL fluid, the serum concentration of the urea and IL-6, the degree of the pancreatic damage and decreased the blood pressure, the urine production, pO₂ and the serum concentration of calcium. The use of celecoxib did not alter these changes except the serum IL-6 concentration, urine production and MPO, MDA activities in the tissue of the lungs and pancreas. Serum urea concentration and pancreatic damage in ANP + celecoxib group were insignificantly lesser than ANP + saline group. Whereas treatment with celecoxib improves lung and renal functions, the degree of pancreatic damage partially and the serum IL-6 level completely, it does not improve the cardiovascular and liver functions, the mortality rate and the calcium level. Celecoxib may be useful for the support of some organ functions during ANP in rats.     

兔急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠粘膜损伤与一氧化氮合酶改变的关系

目的:探讨急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠粘膜损伤与一氧化氮合酶(nitric oxide synthase,NOS)改变的关系。方法:用胰管结扎及加压注射法建立大白兔急性胰腺炎模型,采用黄递酶组织化学染色法观察与比较两组动物胰腺及十二指肠组中NOS的变化。结果:经Winslow法测定血清淀粉酶分析及组织学检查,急性胰腺炎模型建立;经NADPH-d染色表明:实验组NOS染色强度明显高于对照组。结论:一氧化氮(nitric cxide,NO)在急性胰腺炎并发十二指肠粘膜损伤的病变过程中起重要的介导作用。     

Wortmannin,PI3K/Akt signaling pathway inhibitor,attenuates thyroid injury associated with severe acute pancreatitis in rats

Increasing evidences suggest that PI3K/AKT pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases such as acute pancreatitis. However, the exact effect of PI3K/AKT on thyroid injury associated with acute pancreatitis has not been investigated. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of wortmannin, PI3K/AKT inhibitor, on thyroid injury in a rat model of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham operating group (SO), SAP group, wortmannin treatment (WOR) group and drug control (WOR-CON) group. Serum amylase (AMY), lipase (LIP) and thyroid hormone levels were evaluated. The morphological change of thyroid tissue was analyzed under the light and transmission electron microscopy. AKT, P38MAPK and NF-κB expression in the thyroid tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines were detected. Results showed that wortmannin attenuated the following: (1) serum AMY, LIP and thyroid hormone (2) pancreatic and thyroid pathological injuries (3) thyroid MDA, (4) thyroid ultrastructural change, (5) serum TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β (6) AKT, MAPKP38 and NF-κB expression in thyroid tissues. These results suggested that wortmannin attenuates thyroid injury in SAP rats, presumably because of its role on prevent ROS generation and inhibits the activation of P38MAPK, NF-κB pathway. Our findings provide new therapeutic targets for thyroid injury associated with SAP.     

A new pathological scoring method for adrenal injury in rats with severe acute pancreatitis

These studies investigated the appearance and function of adrenal glands in rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and established a new histopathological score to evaluate adrenal histopathological changes. Severe acute pancreatitis relied on retrograde infusion of 5% sodium taurocholate into the bile-pancreatic duct. The damage of SAP was estimated by serum amylase, secretory phospholipase A₂ and pancreatic histopathology. Light and electron microscopy of adrenal gland, and the levels of serum corticosterone were investigated. These results showed that the generally ascending trend of adrenal pathological score was inversely proportional to the generally descending trend of serum corticosterone levels, but parallel with the changes of pancreatic histopathology. Herein, the new adrenal histopathological score was effective in the evaluation of adrenal injury following SAP. It may indirectly reflect the variation of serum cortisol levels and the severity of pancreatitis to a certain extent.     

Acute experimental pancreatitis in rat induced by sodium taurocholic acid: objective quantification of pancreatic necrosis

Summary Retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholic acid (TA) in Wistar rat pancreatic duct is followed by acute pancreatitis, resulting in 100% mortality within 36 h. Biochemical determinations show raised levels of amylase in ascites and blood. Necrosis has been measured using seven morphometric characteristics of pathological changes that add precise information on the type and extension of the pancreatic lesion. The percentage of necrotic tissue (by area) seems to be the most objective parameter. Necrosis appears 6 h after TA infusion, being 5.77% in extent after 12h, 14.9% after 24 h and animals die with an area of 29.5% necrosis. This experimental model seems to one in which physiopathological and therapeutic trials on acute pancreatitis may be camed out.