单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗高危白血病

背景：异基因造血干细胞移植是治疗高危白血病的主要方法,单倍体相合的造血干细胞移植扩展了移植的应用范围。 目的：观察“改良Bu/Cy+ATG”为预处理方案的单倍体相合造血干细胞移植治疗高危白血病的疗效。 方法：对19例高危白血病患者,均采用“改良Bu/Cy+ATG”预处理方案,采用外周血造血干细胞移植5例,外周血+骨髓造血干细胞移植14例。应用甲氨蝶呤,环孢素A,吗替麦考酚酯预防移植物抗宿主病。 结果与结论：①短期疗效：中性粒细胞恢复的中位时间为12(8~20) d;血小板恢复的中位时间为13(10~31) d;移植后100 d内,移植相关死亡率为(15.8±8.4)%。②移植物抗宿主病发生情况：Ⅰ~Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病总发生率(63.1±11.1)%,慢性移植物抗宿主病发生率(54.54±15.0)%。③远期疗效：2年无病生存率为(28.2±15.5)%,2年总体生存率为(46.9±16.5)%。结果提示,高危白血病无人类白细胞抗原相合血缘供者及无人类白细胞抗原相合非血缘供者,而又急需进行挽救性移植时,“改良Bu/Cy+ATG”为预处理方案的单倍体相合造血干细胞移植是一种可行的选择。     

非清髓异基因造血干细胞移植治疗低增生性MDS1例并文献复习

目的探讨非清髓性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗低增生性骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）的疗效,观察其植入及并发症的发生情况。方法我院诊断为低增生性MDS患者1例,采用氟达拉滨＋阿糖胞苷＋环磷酰胺的非清髓预处理方案,环孢素A＋甲氨蝶呤＋骁悉预防移植物抗宿主病。结果 STR-PCR证实移植后30d及3个月骨髓植入为完全供者型,移植后3个月发生多发性脑梗塞,6个月出现面部皮疹及口腔溃疡,通过调整免疫抑制剂及输注间充质干细胞（5×10^7/次,2次）后症状明显好转。结论非清髓性异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗低增生性MDS获得较好的疗效。     

HLA相合同胞异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病

背景：HLA相合同胞间异基因外周血造血干细胞移植是治疗急性白血病的一种有效方法。 目的：评价HLA相合异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗急性白血病的临床疗效及并发症。 方法：25例急性白血病患者接受HLA相合同胞的异基因外周血造血干细胞移植,其中急性髓系白血病20例,急性淋巴细胞白血病5例。预处理方案为BU+CY方案或CY+TBI方案,移植物抗宿主病预防采用环孢素A+吗替麦考酚酯+短程甲氨蝶呤。 结果：最短随访2个月,最长随访80个月。患者均获造血重建,中性粒细胞≥0.5×10⁹ L^-1的时间为10~18 d,血小板≥20× 10⁹ L^-1的时间为10~37 d。主要并发症：感染败血症12例,巨细胞病毒感染9例,带状疱疹病毒感染3例,发生急性移植物抗宿主病10例,慢性移植物抗宿主病11例,出血性膀胱炎4例。至随访结束,17例无病生存,8例死亡。提示HLA相合同胞异基因外周血造血干细胞移植是治疗急性白血病安全有效的方法。     

异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病*

背景：异基因外周血造血干细胞移植是治疗白血病的有效手段。 目的：比较血缘与非血缘供者异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的造血重建、免疫重建、感染、移植物抗宿主病及疗效。 方法：选择接受异基因外周血造血干细胞移植治疗的白血病患者45例,其中30例患者接受血缘供者造血干细胞移植(血缘组),15例患者接受非血缘供者造血干细胞移植(非血缘组)。 结果与结论：①造血重建：血缘组白细胞和血小板重建时间均快于非血缘组(P < 0.05)。在移植后30~40 d植活证据指标测定提示异体造血干细胞在受者体内完全植活。②T细胞重建：两组移植后各时间点T细胞重建差异无显著性意义。③感染发生率：两组移植后早期感染发生率,急、慢性移植物抗宿主病发生率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。④白血病复发：两组移植后复发率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。⑤无病生存：两组移植后2年无病生存率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。表明血缘供者异基因外周血造血干细胞移植后的造血重建较非血缘供者迅速,但两者间移植后T细胞重建、感染发生率、移植物抗宿主病及无病生存并无差异。      

减低剂量预处理方案在亲缘HLA单倍体相合造血干细胞移植中的应用

背景：近年来减低剂量预处理异基因造血干细胞移植已被证明是安全有效的治疗手段,在同胞全相合和无关供者中应用逐年增多,它特别适合老年人或年轻人合并器官功能障碍的患者,然而由于找到HLA配型相合供体的概率不高,使得同胞全相合和无关供者减低剂量预处理异基因造血干细胞移植开展受限,而HLA不相合/单倍体供体则可以迅速找到,但减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植应用的报道还较少,国内尚未见报道,因此对减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植的开展情况进行综述非常重要。 目的：综述减低剂量预处理在亲缘HLA单倍体造血干细胞移植中的应用现状。 方法：以“减低剂量预处理方案、非清髓性预处理方案、HLA单倍体相合、造血干细胞移植和No-nmyeloablative  conditioning,Reduced-intensity conditioning,HLA-haploidentical,Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation”为检索词,应用计算机检索1997至2014年万方数据库、CNKI和PubMed数据库、外文医学信息资源检索平台检索关于减低剂量预处理在亲缘HLA单倍体造血干细胞移植中应用的相关文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终选取25篇文献进行分析,全部为英文。 结果与结论：减低剂量预处理异基因造血干细胞移植在HLA同胞全相合及无关供者中开展的较多且效果愈来愈好。减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植开展的较晚且报道较少,其植入、感染、移植相关死亡、移植物抗宿主病、长期无病生存率和总生存率等各个研究的结果差异较大,早期结果稍差,而近期总体情况有明显改善。目前看减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植是可行的,尤其对于找不到同胞相合及无关全相合供者的患者来说,HLA单倍体相合的血缘关系亲属成为最有潜力的干细胞来源。减低剂量预处理的单倍体造血干细胞移植保留较强的移植物抗白血病效应,且寻找供者容易,有足够的细胞后续治疗如供者淋巴细胞输注,同时通过发挥移植物抗白血病效应,可有效清除患者体内的肿瘤细胞,为处在疾病进展期或经历多次治疗失败的患者,尤其是老年患者、合并器官功能障碍及并发症患者,提供有效的挽救治疗手段。但由于开展的时间较短,今后在应用中该如何选择最佳方案、最佳时机以及减低移植物抗宿主病、移植相关死亡率及复发率等尚需进一步深入的研究。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

CD4~+CD25~+FOXP3~+Treg细胞与急性移植物抗宿主病的关系

背景:CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞具有免疫抑制作用,推测可能减少异基因造血干细胞后急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率。目的:观察粒细胞集落刺激因子动员前后,供者外周血CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比率变化,并探讨CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞与异基因造血干细胞移植后发生急性移植物抗宿主病的关系。方法:以异基因造血干细胞移植受者90例及其供者为研究对象,供者皮下注射重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子(5μg/kg),1次/12 h,连续5 d后,采集干细胞;分别于动员前后采集供者外周血,流式细胞仪检测其中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞含量,及受者接受移植物中此类细胞含量;根据接受CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞数分为高剂量组(细胞比例≥5%)及低剂量组(细胞比例5%),比较两组移植后急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率。结果与结论:供者在应用粒系集落刺激因子动员前后CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比例分别为11.3%和1.5%,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);急性移植物抗宿主病阳性组所接受移植物中该群细胞比例为3.4%,阴性组为15.7%,差异有显著性意义(P0.05);移植造血重建后高剂量组急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率为18.4%,低剂量组急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率为48.1%,二者差异有显著性意义(P0.05)。因而,粒系集落刺激因子应用能降低正常人外周血中CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞比例;CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Treg细胞增加可以降低急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率。     

异基因造血干细胞移植治疗24例重型再生障碍性贫血北大核心

背景:重型再生障碍性贫血病情重、病死率高,需快速恢复造血功能,目前异基因造血干细胞移植为一线治疗方案,同胞全相合异基因造血干细胞移植为首选,单倍体相合造血干细胞移植作为替代治疗方案也取得了较好的效果。目的:探讨异基因造血干细胞移植(包括同胞全相合造血干细胞移植及单倍体相合造血干细胞移植)治疗重型再生障碍性贫血的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2015年4月至2021年7月于徐州市中心医院接受异基因造血干细胞移植治疗24例重型再生障碍性贫血患者的临床资料,其中接受同胞全相合造血干细胞移植8例,接受单倍体相合造血干细胞移植16例。24例重型再生障碍性贫血患者预处理方案为氟达拉滨、环磷酰胺、抗淋巴细胞球蛋白方案。同胞全相合造血干细胞移植采用环孢素联合短程甲氨蝶呤预防移植物抗宿主病,单倍体相合造血干细胞移植在此基础上增加吗替麦考酚酯。结果与结论:①24例重型再生障碍性贫血患者中有2例患者预处理期间死于严重感染,其余22例均达造血重建;中性粒细胞植入中位时间为12.5(10-18)d,血小板植入中位时间为14.5(10-26)d;②22例植入成功患者发生急性移植物抗宿主病8例(36%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病2例,慢性移植物抗宿主病累计发生4例(18%),Ⅲ/Ⅳ度慢性移植物抗宿主病1例;③18例患者存活,6例患者死亡,5年预计总生存率为74%;④结果表明,异基因造血干细胞移植为重型再生障碍性贫血的有效治疗手段,同胞全合供者作为首选,无同胞全相合供者时可选择单倍体相合供者作为替代。     

造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血的现状

文题释义：预处理：指在移植前对患者进行的放、化疗和免疫抑制治疗。再生障碍性贫血预处理的重点为免疫抑制,常采用非清髓和减低剂量预处理。 移植物抗宿主病：是异基因造血干细胞移植最常见的并发症,分为急性和慢性2种类型。目前认为移植物含有免疫活性细胞、供受者之间存在组织不相容性、受者不排斥植入的细胞是发生移植物抗宿主病3个必备条件。 背景：异基因造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血的研究近年来取得很大的进步,但是移植后移植物抗宿主病、移植失败等仍是患者非复发死亡的主要原因,严重影响患者生存。 目的：总结异基因造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血的现状及进展。 方法：中文检索词为“再生障碍性贫血,同胞全合异基因造血干细胞移植,无关供者造血干细胞移植,单倍体造血干细胞移植,脐血造血干细胞移植”,英文检索词为“aplastic anemia,matched sibling donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,cord blood transplantation”,由第一作者检索1990年1月至2019年9月在PubMed、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库中发表的与造血干细胞移植治疗再生障碍性贫血相关的文献,最终选择55篇文献进行分析。 结果与结论：同胞全合异基因造血干细胞移植仍是目前首选的移植方式;对于无同胞全合供者的重型再生障碍性贫血患儿,一线治疗可以选择无关供者相合异基因造血干细胞移植;缺乏全合供者时,单倍体移植和脐血移植亦为不错的选择。 ORCID: 0000-0003-3931-8385(黄东平) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程     

单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病

背景：对于无HLA全相合同胞供者的患者,采用单倍体相合造血干细胞移植面临移植物抗宿主病重、移植相关死亡率高的风险,但通过不同的移植模式,将有可能获取相近的疗效。 目的：观察亲缘HLA单倍体相合异基因造血干细胞移植治疗白血病的疗效,并与亲缘HLA全相合异基因造血干细胞移植相比较。 方法：45例白血病患者分为2组。单倍体组移植方式为外周血或联合骨髓干细胞移植,预处理方案为改良白消安与环磷酰胺或加抗胸腺细胞球蛋白,移植物抗宿主病的预防采用环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤+霉酚酸脂;全相合组移植方式为外周血干细胞移植,预处理方案为BuCY,移植物抗宿主病的预防采用环孢素A+甲氨蝶呤。 结果与结论：两组均获得造血重建时间差异无显著性意义。单倍体及全相合组急性移植物抗宿主病的累积发病率分别为73%对52%(P > 0.05);慢性移植物抗宿主病的累积发病率分别为56%对45%(P > 0.05);移植相关死亡率分别为36%对17%(P > 0.05);单倍体组无复发,全相合组复发2例;两组的预计3年累积无病生存率分别为61%对60%(P > 0.05)。结果提示,亲缘单倍体异基因造血干细胞移植的总体疗效与亲缘全相合异基因造血干细胞移植相似,但中重度急性移植物抗宿主病的发生率较后者为高。     

父母供者外周血单倍体干细胞移植治疗儿童复发难治急性白血病

背景:儿童复发难治急性白血病单纯化学治疗效果极差,异基因造血干细胞移植是治愈该类疾病的惟一有效方法。研究显示单倍体移植与同胞相合及非亲缘全相合造血干细胞移植的治疗效果接近,甚至优于后者,且父母作为供者单倍体造血干细胞移植依从性好,能够保证移植干细胞数量及预防原发病复发,明显提高了患者移植成功率及长期无白血病生存率。目的:回顾分析父母供者单倍体外周血造血干细胞移植治疗儿童复发难治急性白血病的疗效。方法:入选35例父母供者外周血单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童复发难治急性白血病。均采用"改良1,4-丁二醇二甲磺酸酯/环磷酰胺+胸腺细胞免疫球蛋白"预处理方案和环孢素、吗替麦考酚酯及甲氨蝶呤三联短程预防移植物抗宿主病。结果与结论:35例父母供者外周血单倍体造血干细胞移植治疗儿童复发难治急性白血病均植入成功。135例患儿回输单个核细胞中位数为5.82(3.23-8.45)×108/kg,其中CD34+细胞中位数为4.52(2.37-11.51)×106/kg。2干细胞回输后100 d内,移植相关死亡率为14.3%。33-Ⅱ度急性移植物抗宿主病发生率为34.3%,Ⅲ-Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病发生率为37.1%,慢性移植物抗宿主病总发生率为42.9%。42年无白血病生存率为42.9%,2年总生存率为51.4%,2年原发病复发率为34.3%,中位生存时间为24个月。提示对于无人类白细胞抗原相合同胞供者及不能及时寻找到非血缘人类白细胞抗原相合供者的儿童复发难治急性白血病,父母供者外周血单倍体造血干细胞移植是一种高效可行的治疗方法。     

Graft Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Content Predicts the Risk of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease after Allogeneic Transplantation of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor–Mobilized Peripheral Blood Stem Cells

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are powerful immunomodulatory cells that in mice play a role in infectious and inflammatory disorders, including acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Their relevance in clinical acute GVHD is poorly known. We analyzed whether granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) administration, used to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells, affected the frequency of MDSCs in the peripheral blood stem cell grafts of 60 unrelated donors. In addition, we evaluated whether the MDSC content in the peripheral blood stem cell grafts affected the occurrence of acute GVHD in patients undergoing unrelated donor allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Systemic treatment with G-CSF induces an expansion of myeloid cells displaying the phenotype of monocytic MDSCs (Lin^low/negHLA-DR⁻CD11b⁺CD33⁺CD14⁺) with the ability to suppress alloreactive T cells in vitro, therefore meeting the definition of MDSCs. Monocytic MDSC dose was the only graft parameter to predict acute GVHD. The cumulative incidence of acute GVHD at 180 days after transplantation for recipients receiving monocytic MDSC doses below and above the median was 63% and 22%, respectively (P = .02). The number of monocytic MDSCs infused did not impact the relapse rate or the transplant-related mortality rate (P > .05). Although further prospective studies involving larger sample size are needed to validate the exact monocytic MDSC graft dose that protects from acute GVHD, our results strongly suggest the modulation of G-CSF might be used to affect monocytic MDSCs graft cell doses for prevention of acute GVHD.     

A Modified Haploidentical Nonmyeloablative Transplantation without T Cell Depletion for High-Risk Acute Leukemia: Successful Engraftment and Mild GVHD

Severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft rejection still remain major complications of haploidentical nonmyeloablative (NMA) stem cell transplantation. Recent studies have shown that bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess immunomodulatory capacity and may promote hematopoietic engraftment. The purpose of this study was to observe if the new strategy, which included a haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) combined with MSCs, modified NMA conditioning, and GVHD prophylaxis would improve donor engraftment and prevent severe GVHD. The modified conditioning approach consisted of fludarabine (Flu), low-dose total body irradiation (TBI), cyclophosphamide (Cy), cytarabine, and anti-Tcell-lymphocyte globulin, whereas the GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporin A (CsA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), anti-CD25 antibody and intrabone marrow injection of MSCs. Thirty-three patients with high-risk acute leukemia underwent transplantation with PBSC from HLA-haploidentical donors without T cell depletion. All of the patients achieved full donor chimerisms, including 6 who switched to full donor chimerisms from mixed chimerisms in 1 to 2 months after the transplantations. Rapid hematological engraftment was observed with neutrophils >0.5 × 10⁹/L at day 11 and platelets >20 × 10⁹/L at day 14. Fifteen patients (45.5%) developed grade I–IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) and only 2 (6.1%) developed grade III to IV aGVHD. Nine (31%) of 29 evaluable patients experienced chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Upon follow-up for 1.5 to 60 months, 20 (60.6%) patients were alive and well and 6 (18.2%) had relapsed leukemia in the 33 patients. The probability of 3-year survival was 57.2%. The results indicate that this new strategy is effective in improving donor engraftment and preventing severe GVHD, which will provide a feasible option for the therapy of high-risk acute leukemia.     

Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Followed by Related and Unrelated Allografts for Hematologic Malignancies: Expanded Analysis and Long-Term Follow-Up

Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) extends the curative potential of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to patients with hematologic malignancies unable to withstand myeloablative conditioning. We prospectively analyzed the outcomes of 292 consecutive patients, median age 58 years (range, 19 to 75) with hematologic malignancies treated with a uniform RIC regimen of cyclophosphamide, fludarabine, and total body irradiation (200 cGy) with or without antithymocyte globulin and cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis followed by allogeneic HCT at the University of Minnesota from 2002 to 6. Probability of 5-year overall survival was 78% for patients with indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 53% for chronic myelogenous leukemia, 55% for Hodgkin lymphoma, 40% for acute myelogenous leukemia, 37% for myelodysplastic syndrome, 29% for myeloma, and 14% for myeloproliferative neoplasms. Corresponding outcomes for relapse were 0%, 13%, 53%, 37%, 39%, 75%, and 29%, respectively. Disease risk index (DRI) predicted both survival and relapse with superior survival (64%) and lowest relapse (16%) in those with low risk score compared with 24% survival and 57% relapse in those with high/very-high risk scores. Recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV)-positive serostatus was protective from relapse with the lowest rates in those also receiving a CMV-positive donor graft (29%). The cumulative incidence of 2-year nonrelapse mortality was 26% and was lowest in those receiving a matched sibling graft at 21%, with low (21%) or intermediate (18%) HCT-specific comorbidity index, and was similar across age groups. The incidence of grades II to IV acute GVHD was 43% and grades III to IV 27%; the highest rates were found in those receiving an unrelated donor (URD) peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) graft, at 50%. Chronic GVHD at 1 year was 36%.Future approaches incorporating alternative GVHD prophylaxis, particularly for URD PBSC grafts, and targeted post-transplant antineoplastic therapies for those with high DRI are indicated to improve these outcomes.     

The transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells after non-myeloablative conditioning: a cellular therapeutic approach to hematologic and genetic diseases

Originally, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was viewed as a form of rescue from the marrow lethal effects of high doses of chemo-radiotherapy used to both eradicate malignancy and to provide sufficient immunosuppression to ensure allogeneic engraftment. Clear evience of a therapeutic graft-versus-tumor (GVT) effect mediated by allogeneic affector cells (T cells) has prompted the exploration of HSCT regimens that rely solely upon host immunosuppression (non-myeloblative) to facilitate allogenic donor engraftment. The engrafted donor effector cells are then used to accomplish the task of eradicating host malignant cells. The non-myeloblative regimen developed in Seattle uses 2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI) before transplant followed by postgrafting cyclosporine (CSP) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). This regimen resulted in initial mixed donor-host chimerism in all patients with hematologic malignancies and genetic disorders who received HLA-matched sibling allografts. The 17% incidence of graft rejection was reduced to 3% with the addition of fludarabine, 30 mg/m²/day on d-4,-3, and-2. The non-myeloblative combination of fludarabine/TBI has also been successful at achieving high engraftment rates in recipients of 10 of 10 HLA antigen matched unrelated donor HSCTs in patients with hematologic malignancies. By reducing acute toxicities relative to conventional HSCT, most patients have received their pre- and post-HSCT therapy almost exclusively as outpatients. Acute and chronic GVHD occur after non-myeloablative HSCT, but the incidence and severity appear less compared to conventional HSCT. As in conventional transplants, immune dysregulation from GVHD and its treatment and delayed reconstitution of immune function continue to present risks to patients who have otherwise undergone successful non-myeloablative HSCT. Cellular therapeutic effects have been nobserved after non-myeloblative HSCT such as correction of inherited genetic disorders, and eradication of hematologic malignant diseases and renal cell carcinoma via GVT responses.     

Low-dose total body irradiation, fludarabine, and antithymocyte globulin conditioning for nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation.

Nonmyeloablative allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation with low-dose total body irradiation (TBI; 200 cGy) plus fludarabine followed by cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil results in modest graft rejection rates. Acute and chronic graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) are also seen and may not differ substantially from those that occur after fully ablative transplantation. Adding antithymocyte globulin (ATG) to pretransplant conditioning produces substantial immunosuppression. Because of its persistence in the circulation, ATG can achieve in vivo T-cell depletion. Twenty-five patients who were not eligible for conventional fully ablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation by virtue of age or comorbidities underwent nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation with ATG 15 mg/kg/d days -4 to -1, TBI 200 cGy on a single fraction on day -5, and fludarabine 30 mg/m(2)/d on days -4 to -2. Oral mycophenolate mofetil 15 mg/kg every 12 hours and cyclosporine 6 mg/kg every 12 hours were started on day -5. Grafts were unmanipulated peripheral blood progenitor cells mobilized with filgrastim 10 microg/kg/d and collected on day 5. The median age of the recipients was 57 years (range, 30-67 years); diagnoses were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n = 11), acute myeloid leukemia (n = 6), multiple myeloma (n = 3), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 2), severe aplastic anemia (n = 1), paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (n = 1), and myelodysplastic syndrome (n = 1). The median CD34(+) and CD3(+) contents of the grafts were 7.6 x 10(6)/kg and 1.6 x 10(8)/kg, respectively. Five patients received voluntary unrelated donor grafts. Three patients, 2 with voluntary unrelated donor grafts and 1 with a sib donor, received a 1 antigen-mismatched graft. The rest were fully matched. Twenty-two of 25 patients were evaluable for chimerism. Sixteen had >/=95% donor chimerism. Four patients displayed 80% to 90% donor chimerism, 1 displayed 78%, and 1 displayed 64%. Eleven patients relapsed with their original disease. One patient rejected the graft at 180 days. The median hospital stay was 27 days. Complications included GVHD in 6 patients (3 patients had grade I or II GVHD of skin and liver, and 3 patients had grade III or IV GVHD of liver and gut). Two of the patients with GVHD had mismatched grafts. Transplant-related toxicity was seen in 4 patients and infection in 5 patients. The median length of follow-up was 162 days (range, 17-854 days). Complete remissions were seen in 10 patients. Four patients remained in complete response (CR) at 280 to 595 days. One patient relapsed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma after a CR of 728 days. Of the 25 patients, 16 died (6 of relapsed disease, 4 of GVHD, 3 of infection, and 3 of transplant-related toxicity) and 9 are alive (6 with CR-2 of them after donor leukocyte infusion-and 3 with relapsed disease). The addition of ATG to low-dose TBI and fludarabine nonmyeloablative conditioning was well tolerated and resulted in >80% donor engraftment in this small cohort. As in other series of truly nonmyeloablative transplantation, a high rate of relapse was observed. Donor engraftment may be facilitated by the addition of ATG to low-dose TBI and fludarabine conditioning.     

以FCA预处理的造血干细胞移植治疗SAA的临床研究

目的探讨以氟达拉滨（Flu）、低剂量环磷酰胺（CTX）和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白（ATG）为预处理的FCA方案异基因造血干细胞移植治疗重型再生障碍性贫血（SAA）的疗效及安全性。方法用FCA预处理方案预处理移植治疗SAA-Ⅰ型和SAA-Ⅱ型患者各2例,其中同胞供者人类白细胞抗原（HLA）低分辨配型（6/6位点）全相合的骨髓联合外周血造血干细胞移植3例、非血缘关系高分辨HLA配型（10/10位点）全相合的外周血造血干细胞移植1例。同胞供者的预处理方案：Flu30mg·m-2d-1×5d,CTX50～60mg·kg-1d-1×5d,ATG3mg·kg-1d-1×3d。非血缘关系的预处理方案：CTX20mg·kg-1d-1×2d,ATG5mg·kg-1d-1×3d,Flu30mg·m-2d-1×4d。移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）的预防：均采用低剂量环孢素A（CsA）联合低剂量短程甲氨蝶呤（MTX）,非血缘关系移植加用霉酚酸酯（MMF）0.5gbid,＋1d～＋28d。观察移植并发症、输血量、造血重建、嵌合体和生存状态。结果 4例患者均获得造血干细胞的成功植入,移植后中性粒细胞绝对值（ANC）〉0.5×109/L的时间为＋10d～＋15d,血小板（PLT）〉20×109/L的时间为＋10d～＋20d,移植后输注红细胞3～6U,血小板4～10U,随访7～42个月,完全供者嵌合体,血液学完全缓解;患者1出现广泛型慢性移植物抗宿主病（cGVHD）,死于多脏器功能衰竭,其余3例无病生存,其中非血缘关系移植的患者4发生轻度局限型cGVHD和巨细胞病毒血症,经过治疗很快控制。结论 Flu、低剂量CTX和ATG的FCA预处理方案的异基因造血干细胞移植治疗SAA的疗效肯定,患者耐受性好,值得推广。     

非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植预处理方案的毒性比较

背景：选择高效低毒的预处理方案是提高造血干细胞移植成功率的关键。氟达拉滨和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白,均属于强效免疫抑制剂,常用于非清髓性造血干细胞移植预处理中。 目的：对采用氟达拉滨或抗胸腺细胞球蛋白为基础的非清髓性异基因造血干细胞移植预处理方案患者,在预处理中及移植后早期毒性进行比较。 方法：32例血液系统恶性肿瘤患者中,按照非清髓性预处理方案中的免疫抑制剂分成两组即氟达拉滨组和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白组,预处理方案均为氟达拉滨或抗胸腺细胞球蛋白联合减低化疗强度的白消安/环磷酰胺,或者马法兰。抗胸腺细胞球蛋白组在形成混合性嵌合体后进行供者淋巴细胞输注。对两组患者预处理中出现的器官毒性进行统计学分析,毒性分级参照Bearman等制订的预处理相关毒性(RRT)分级标准。 结果与结论：两组无因预处理相关毒性而死亡。氟达拉滨组转氨酶发生率、腹泻发生率与和抗胸腺细胞球蛋白组比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);氟达拉滨组肝脏毒性发生率、黏膜炎发生率均显著低于抗胸腺细胞球蛋白组(P < 0.05);血液学毒性方面,氟达拉滨组白细胞达最低值、血小板≥50×109 L-1的时间、输注红细胞量、输注血小板的量均低于抗胸腺细胞球蛋白组(P < 0.05)。